Low-Income Populations

The Welfare Indicators Act of 1994 requires the Department of Health and Human Services to prepare annual reports to Congress on indicators and predictors of welfare dependence.

Content Background Research Questions and Methods Key Findings Background Since the establishment of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, much attention has been given t

Content Findings from Existing Research Options for Future Research  

Contents Research Questions Data Sources Study Limitations Characteristics of the Study States Key Findings Potential Next Steps The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opport

Content Key Research Questions Data and Methods Key Findings Conclusions Endnotes

This report analyzes the experiences of welfare "cyclers," a group that has received relatively little attention in previous research on welfare dynamics. For this study, "cycling" is defined as receipt of welfare benefits during three or more discrete spells during a four-year "observation" period.

By: Fredrik Andersson, Julia Lane, Erika McEntarfer  

Content The Value of Hardship Measures Defining and Measuring Hardship Material Hardship Indexes Measuring Hardship Using the SIPP Unanswered Questions for Future Research  

The $3 billion Welfare-to-Work (WtW) grants program established by Congress as part of the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 provided funds to over 700 state and local grantees.

National welfare reform legislation in 1996 created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program, which imposed time limits on cash assistance receipt and broadened and strengthened mandates for clients to work or engage in work-related activities.