The U.S. supply chain for provider-administered outpatient drugs involves several entities, including drug manufacturers, wholesalers, healthcare providers (e.g., outpatient facilities, hospital pharmacies, doctor’s offices, and standalone clinics), group purchasing organizations (GPOs), payers, and beneficiaries. This study uses multiple data sources to estimate the share of payer and beneficiary net spending that is captured by each supply chain entity and the margins of the primary intermediaries, namely wholesalers and providers, from 2020 through 2022. The final report provides additional details on the data, methodology, and results.
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