| COMPARISON OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL BY NORC
SITES |
| |
Baltimore's Senior Friendly Neighborhoods (SFN) |
Cleveland's Community Options Program |
Philadelphia's STAR NORC Program |
Pittsburgh's NORC Demonstration Program |
St. Louis's NORC Project |
| NORC
Definition |
Residents 62 and older
living in Baltimore's Upper Park Heights neighborhood and the Milbrook
building. Services provided in 13 buildings with plans to expand to
neighborhoods with row houses and single family homes. |
NORC program exists in 5
private apartment buildings east of the Cuyahoga River in
Cleveland. |
NORC is comprised of 4
cooperative buildings and 1 condominium located in the Center City section of
Philadelphia. |
Adults 60 and older
living in Squirrel Hill, Point Breeze, Regent Square, Swisshelm Park, Oakland,
and Greenfield neighborhoods. |
Used Census data to
determine specific census tracts covering approximately 1 square mile in Creve
Coeur, St. Louis, that contains a large proportion of older people and is the
site of several Jewish community services. |
| Community
Resources |
JCC, Myerberg Senior
Center, Baltimore Hebrew University, synagogues and churches public library,
shopping areas, public bus transportation, and a senior shuttle. |
Apartments are within
walking distance of synagogues, shopping, and bus lines. |
Within walking distance
of health care providers, access to public transportation, close proximity to
Temple University and the University of Pennsylvania, museums, and
restaurants. |
Social service
organizations such as the JCC, JFCS, and JAA, 4 universities, libraries, a
music hall, hospitals and mental health services, and public
transportation. |
Service organizations
such as JCC, JFCS, and a publicly funded senior congregate housing site
(Covenant House/ CHAI), churches, grocery store, kosher restaurant, gas
station, restaurant area with movie theater and gym. |
| NORC
Formation |
| - Internal |
Most residents have aged
in place, living in their homes or apartments within the community for over 30
years. |
Long-term residents have
aged in place, mostly widows. |
Most residents have aged
in place. |
Most of the elderly have
aged in place. |
Most have aged in
place. |
| - External |
Some older Russian
immigrants who settled in the area in late 1980s. |
In migration of elderly
residents in their 70s and 80s. |
Some in-migration of
retirees moving from the suburbs into the city. |
In-migration of Soviet
immigrant population in 1980s who are generally among the young
elderly. |
Some older persons have
moved to the neighborhood to be close to family, friends, or the
JCC. |
| Organizational Structure |
| - Internal |
SNF program developed an
Advisory Council of resident member volunteers to facilitate resident
involvement and empowerment. |
Resident advisory
councils per building. |
Residents approached JFCS
about need for a social worker in 1 building. In response, JFCS developed the
STAR program. |
|
Advisory committee of
residents, members of community organizations, and state representatives to
assist in development of NORC service program. Goal to have committee be the
vehicle for communication with NORC residents. |
| - External |
Coordinated by 4 Jewish
community service organizations. Nurse and resident activities coordinator
organize activities and events in NORC buildings. |
Began by Jewish Community
Federation of Cleveland. A volunteer committee oversees the program. Resource
coordinators organize activities and provide referrals to service
providers. |
JFCS expanded the STAR
program into STAR NORC. Social workers are key actors in program along with a
nurse, community educator, and chaplain. |
Operated by three
organizations under the United Jewish Federation. Three-member care teams
comprised of one staff member from each sponsoring organization. |
Jewish Federation of St.
Louis partnered with the Center for Aging at Washington University in St. Louis
to conduct research on service program options and the community before
designing its NORC service program. |
| Service
Program |
| - Internal |
Program has hired
residents in buildings as on-site coordinators who seek input from residents,
and help to publicize and organize activities. Two apartment buildings continue
to have residence councils, floor captains, and phone trees that existed prior
to SFN program. |
Outreach by resource
coordinators to determine what seniors want from the program. Resident
volunteers help publicize and organize events. |
Co-op board or
condominium association hears from residents. Residents have monthly House
Council meetings, part of which is open to all residents and the rest limited
to floor representatives. |
|
Conducting
primary research to determine which NORC service programs will be most
responsive to the elderly communities' needs. |
| - External |
Case aides, nurse, and
resident activity coordinator provide range of services including case
management, information and referral to services, preventative health,
recreational activities, and transportation. |
Social events,
preventative health, and referrals to providers. |
Services social workers
can arrange include in-home assessments and care plans, case management, home
care, shopping, individual or family therapy, guidance on alternative living
arrangements, support groups, outreach to Holocaust survivors, respite care,
and spiritual counseling. |
Interdisciplinary care
teams develop care plans based on in-home assessments. Provide information and
referrals to community services. |
| Funding |
| - Internal |
Small share of program's
costs paid by resident member's annual $15 fee. |
Financial support from
building management includes office space, use of party room, salary and
benefits of resource coordinator, and program costs such as paper and copying.
Residents pay for costs of activities. |
JFCS funding for the STAR
NORC program comes from building fees ranging between $5,000 and $7,500 a year
per building. Additional resident payments. |
|
|
| - External |
Combination of funding
from the AoA grant, the Jewish Community Association of Baltimore, local
foundations, and Baltimore County funding. |
HUD spend down grant
covers overhead costs of main office. AoA grant used to replicate Community
Options program in 4 other Ohio sites. |
JFCS used AoA grant money
to expand the STAR program into STAR NORC. Addition funding includes grants
from the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Connelly, Tuttleman, and Clayman
foundations. |
AoA grant and in-kind
contributions from the 3 coordinating agencies. |
AoA grant used to fund
research conducted by the Center for Aging at Washington University in St.
Louis. Also received grant funding from State of Missouri and uses matching
funds from sponsoring organizations. |
| Outcomes |
Collect information on
the number of people attending programs and using the case aide service. Future
plans include a survey of members and nonmembers with service users followed
for 1 year and a process evaluation of the program's operations. |
Master database tracks
participation in activities and houses a computerized referral list of
providers. Database automatically alerts resource coordinators to follow up
with residents referred to services. Staff remove service providers with a
noted pattern of dissatisfaction from list. AoA grant money used to participate
in Case Western Reserve University research project that will compare
community-dwelling older people in Cleveland with residents in Community
Options buildings. |
No formal outcome
measures, but informal feedback has been obtained by program staff and from
interviews with clients' families. Client fills out satisfaction form when a
social worker closes a case. |
Program contracted with
Unicentric, Inc., to create a virtual office with electronic formats and a
client database that could be accessed by care teams and program staff who do
not share a common office. No formal outcome measures, but informal feedback
from clients has been positive. Program is considering implementation of a
client satisfaction survey during the second grant year. |
No formal outcome
measures developed at this time. |