Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004

Appendix A:
Program Data:
Supplemental Security Income

Legislative Changes
SSI Program Data

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program is a means-tested, federally administered income assistance program authorized by title XVI of the Social Security Act. Established in 1972 (Public Law 92-603) and begun in 1974, SSI provides monthly cash payments in accordance with uniform, nationwide eligibility requirements to needy aged, blind and disabled persons. To qualify for SSI payments, a person must satisfy the program criteria for age, blindness or disability. Children may qualify for SSI if they are under age 18 and meet the applicable SSI disability or blindness, income and resource requirements. Individuals and married couples are eligible for SSI if their countable incomes fall below the Federal maximum monthly SSI benefit levels of $552 for an individual and $829 for a married couple in fiscal year 2003. SSI eligibility is restricted to qualified persons who have countable resources/assets of not more than $2,000, or $3,000 for a couple.

The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers the SSI program. Since its inception, SSI has been viewed as the “program of last resort.” Therefore, SSA helps recipients obtain any other public assistance that they are eligible to receive before providing SSI benefits. After evaluating all other income, SSI pays what is necessary to bring an individual to the statutorily prescribed income “floor.” As of December 2001, 36 percent of all SSI recipients also received Social Security retirement or survivor benefits, which are the single greatest source of income for SSI recipients.

Prior to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), no individual could receive both SSI payments and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) benefits. If eligible for both, the individual had to choose which benefit to receive. Generally, the AFDC agency encouraged individuals to file for SSI and, once the SSI payments had started, the individual was removed from the AFDC filing unit. Since states have the authority to set TANF eligibility standards and benefit levels under PRWORA, individuals are not prohibited from receiving both TANF benefits and SSI.

With the exception of California, which converted food stamp benefits to cash payments that are included in the State supplementary payment, SSI recipients may be eligible to receive food stamps. If all household members receive SSI, the household is categorically eligible for food stamps and does not need to meet the Food Stamp Program’s financial eligibility standards. If SSI beneficiaries live in households in which other household members do not receive SSI benefits, the household must meet the net income eligibility standard of the Food Stamp Program to be eligible for food stamp benefits.

Legislative Changes

Several legislative changes made in the 104th Congress affected SSI participation and expenditures. Public Law 104-121, the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996, prohibited SSI eligibility to individuals whose drug addiction and/or alcoholism (DAA) is a contributing factor material to the finding of disability. This provision applied to individuals who filed for benefits on or after the date of enactment (March 29, 1996) and to individuals whose claims were finally adjudicated on or after the date of enactment. It applied to current beneficiaries on January 1, 1997.

PRWORA made several changes designed to maintain the SSI program’s goal of limiting benefits to severely disabled children. First, the act replaced the former “comparable severity” test with a new definition of disability specifically for children, based on a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that result in “marked and severe functional limitations.” Second, SSA discontinued use of the Individualized Functional Assessment (IFA) which it had implemented in 1991 following the Supreme Court’s decision in Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S. 521(1990)(3).⁽¹⁾ Third references to “maladaptive behaviors” in certain sections of the Listing of Impairments (among medical criteria for evaluation of mental and emotional disorders in the domain of personal/behavioral function) were eliminated. The latter two provisions were effective for all new and pending applications upon enactment (August 22, 1996). Beneficiaries who were receiving benefits due to an IFA or under the Listings because of limitations resulting from maladaptive behaviors received notice no later than January 1, 1997, that their benefits might end when their case was redetermined. Additional provisions of the PRWORA with impact on enrollment are the requirement that eligibility be redetermined when beneficiaries reach age 18, using the adult disability standard; that “continuing disability reviews” be done for children; and that children who were eligible due to low birth weight have their eligibility redetermined at age one.

Title IV of PRWORA also made significant changes in the eligibility of noncitizens for SSI benefits. Some of the restrictions were subsequently moderated, most notably by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-33), which “grandfathered” immigrants who were receiving SSI at the time of enactment of the PRWORA. Those immigrants who entered the U.S. after August 22, 1996, may be eligible to receive SSI after having been “lawfully admitted for permanent residence.”

Several provisions aimed at reducing SSI fraud and improving recovery of overpayments were enacted in 1999 as part of the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (P. L. 106-169). Other legislation enacted in 1999 provides additional work incentives for disabled beneficiaries of SSI.

SSI Program Data

The following tables and figures provide SSI program data:

Tables SSI 1 through SSI 5 present national caseload and expenditure trend data on the SSI program.
Table SSI 6 presents demographic characteristics of the SSI caseload.
Tables SSI 7 and SSI 8 present state-by-state trend data on the SSI program through fiscal year 2002.

SSI Caseload Trends (Tables SSI 1-2 and Figure SSI 1). From 1990 to 1995, the number of SSI beneficiaries increased from 4.8 million to 6.5 million, an average growth rate of over 6 percent per year. Between 1995 and 2000, the number of beneficiaries fluctuated between 6.5 and 6.6 million persons. In December 2002, there were 6.8 million beneficiaries. Table SSI 1 presents information on the total number of persons receiving SSI payments in December of each year from 1974 through 2002, and also presents recipients by eligibility category (aged, blind and disabled) and by type of recipient (child, adult age 18-64, and adult age 65 or older). See also Table IND 4c in Chapter II for further data on trends in recipiency and participation rates.

The composition of the SSI caseload has been shifting over time, as shown in Table SSI 2. The number of beneficiaries eligible because of age has been declining steadily, from a high of 2.3 million persons in December 1975 to less than 1.3 million persons in December 2002. At the same time, there has been strong growth in blind and disabled beneficiaries, from 1.7 million in December 1974 to 5.5 million in December 2002. Moreover, the number of disabled children has increased dramatically, particularly during the 1990s, when the number of disabled children receiving SSI increased from 309,000 in December 1990 to 955,000 in December 1996. The number of disabled children fell in the next three years, stabilized at 847,000 in 1999 and 2000, and rose to 915,000 in 2002.

Several factors have contributed to the growth of the Supplemental Security Income program. Expansions in disability eligibility (particularly for mentally impaired adults and for children), increased outreach, overall growth in immigration, and transfers from state programs were among the key factors identified in a 1995 study by the General Accounting Office (GAO). GAO concluded that three groups — adults with mental impairments, children, and non-citizens — accounted for nearly 90 percent of the SSI program’s growth in the early 1990s. The growth in disabled children beneficiaries is generally believed to be due to outreach activities, the Supreme Court decision in the Zebley case, expansion of the medical impairment category, and reduction in reviews of continuing eligibility.⁽²⁾

SSI Expenditures. While administrative costs increased by about 1 percent, the total amount paid out in SSI benefits increased from $33.6 billion (inflation adjusted) in 2001 to $34.6 billion in 2002, as shown in Table SSI 3. Average monthly benefits per person were $415 in 2002, up slightly from 2001 inflation adjusted benefit level of $413. For more details see Table SSI 4.

SSI Recipient Characteristics. Over the last 20 years, the percentage of aged SSI recipients has dramatically decreased, while the percentage of disabled recipients has increased substantially. As shown in Table SSI 6, the proportion of SSI recipients aged 65 or older has decreased dramatically, from 54 percent in 1980 to 29 percent in 2002.

Figure SSI 1.
SSI Recipients by Age, 1974 – 2002

Figure SSI 1. SSI Recipients by Age, 1974 – 2002

Source: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 (Data available online at http://www.ssa.gov/statistics).

Table SSI 1.
Number of Persons Receiving Federally Administered SSI Payments 1974 – 2002
[In thousands]
Date Total Eligibility Category Type of Recipient

Aged Blind and Disabled Children Adults

Total Blind Disabled Age 18-64 65 or Older

Dec 1974 3,996 2,286 1,710 75 1,636 71 ¹ 1,503 2,422

Dec 1975 4,314 2,307 2,007 74 1,933 107 1,699 2,508

Dec 1976 4,236 2,148 2,088 76 2,012 125 1,714 2,397

Dec 1977 4,238 2,051 2,187 77 2,109 147 1,738 2,353

Dec 1978 4,217 1,968 2,249 77 2,172 166 1,747 2,304

Dec 1979 4,150 1,872 2,278 77 2,201 177 1,727 2,246

Dec 1980 4,142 1,808 2,334 78 2,256 190 1,731 2,221

Dec 1981 4,019 1,678 2,341 79 2,262 195 1,703 2,121

Dec 1982 3,858 1,549 2,309 77 2,231 192 1,655 2,011

Dec 1983 3,901 1,515 2,386 79 2,307 198 1,700 2,003

Dec 1984 4,029 1,530 2,499 81 2,419 212 1,780 2,037

Dec 1985 4,138 1,504 2,634 82 2,551 227 1,879 2,031

Dec 1986 4,269 1,473 2,796 83 2,713 241 2,010 2,018

Dec 1987 4,385 1,455 2,930 83 2,846 251 2,119 2,015

Dec 1988 4,464 1,433 3,030 83 2,948 255 2,203 2,006

Dec 1989 4,593 1,439 3,154 83 3,071 265 2,302 2,026

Dec 1990 4,817 1,454 3,363 84 3,279 309 2,450 2,059

Dec 1991 5,118 1,465 3,654 85 3,569 397 2,642 2,080

Dec 1992 5,566 1,471 4,095 85 4,010 556 2,910 2,100

Dec 1993 5,984 1,475 4,509 85 4,424 723 3,148 2,113

Dec 1994 6,296 1,466 4,830 85 4,745 841 3,335 2,119

Dec 1995 6,514 1,446 5,068 84 4,984 917 3,482 2,115

Dec 1996 6,614 1,413 5,201 82 5,119 955 3,568 2,090

Dec 1997 6,495 1,362 5,133 81 5,052 880 3,562 2,054

Dec 1998 6,566 1,332 5,234 80 5,154 887 3,646 2,033

Dec 1999 6,557 1,308 5,249 79 5,169 847 3,691 2,019

Dec 2000 6,602 1,289 5,312 79 5,234 847 3,744 2,011

Dec 2001 6,688 1,264 5,424 78 5,346 882 3,811 1,995

Dec 2002 6,788 1,252 5,537 78 5,537 915 3,878 1,995

¹ Includes students 18-21 in 1974 only.
Source: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 (Data available online at http://www.ssa.gov/statistics).

Table SSI 1.
Number of Persons Receiving Federally Administered SSI Payments 1974 – 2002
[In thousands]
Date	Total	Eligibility Category	Type of Recipient
Aged	Blind and Disabled	Children	Adults
Total	Blind	Disabled	Age 18-64	65 or Older
Dec	1974	3,996	2,286	1,710	75	1,636	71 ¹	1,503	2,422
Dec	1975	4,314	2,307	2,007	74	1,933	107	1,699	2,508
Dec	1976	4,236	2,148	2,088	76	2,012	125	1,714	2,397
Dec	1977	4,238	2,051	2,187	77	2,109	147	1,738	2,353
Dec	1978	4,217	1,968	2,249	77	2,172	166	1,747	2,304
Dec	1979	4,150	1,872	2,278	77	2,201	177	1,727	2,246
Dec	1980	4,142	1,808	2,334	78	2,256	190	1,731	2,221
Dec	1981	4,019	1,678	2,341	79	2,262	195	1,703	2,121
Dec	1982	3,858	1,549	2,309	77	2,231	192	1,655	2,011
Dec	1983	3,901	1,515	2,386	79	2,307	198	1,700	2,003
Dec	1984	4,029	1,530	2,499	81	2,419	212	1,780	2,037
Dec	1985	4,138	1,504	2,634	82	2,551	227	1,879	2,031
Dec	1986	4,269	1,473	2,796	83	2,713	241	2,010	2,018
Dec	1987	4,385	1,455	2,930	83	2,846	251	2,119	2,015
Dec	1988	4,464	1,433	3,030	83	2,948	255	2,203	2,006
Dec	1989	4,593	1,439	3,154	83	3,071	265	2,302	2,026
Dec	1990	4,817	1,454	3,363	84	3,279	309	2,450	2,059
Dec	1991	5,118	1,465	3,654	85	3,569	397	2,642	2,080
Dec	1992	5,566	1,471	4,095	85	4,010	556	2,910	2,100
Dec	1993	5,984	1,475	4,509	85	4,424	723	3,148	2,113
Dec	1994	6,296	1,466	4,830	85	4,745	841	3,335	2,119
Dec	1995	6,514	1,446	5,068	84	4,984	917	3,482	2,115
Dec	1996	6,614	1,413	5,201	82	5,119	955	3,568	2,090
Dec	1997	6,495	1,362	5,133	81	5,052	880	3,562	2,054
Dec	1998	6,566	1,332	5,234	80	5,154	887	3,646	2,033
Dec	1999	6,557	1,308	5,249	79	5,169	847	3,691	2,019
Dec	2000	6,602	1,289	5,312	79	5,234	847	3,744	2,011
Dec	2001	6,688	1,264	5,424	78	5,346	882	3,811	1,995
Dec	2002	6,788	1,252	5,537	78	5,537	915	3,878	1,995
¹ Includes students 18-21 in 1974 only. Source: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 (Data available online at http://www.ssa.gov/statistics).

Table SSI 2.
SSI Recipiency Rates, 1974 – 2002
[In percent]
Date All Recipients as a Percent of Total Population¹ Adults 18-64 as a Percent of 18-64 Population¹ Child Recipients as a Percent of All Children¹ Elderly Recipients (Persons 65 & Older) as a Percent of

All Persons 65 & Older¹ All Elderly Poor² Pretransfer Elderly Poor³

Dec 1974 1.9 1.2 0.1 10.8 78.5 NA

Dec 1975 2.0 1.3 0.2 10.9 75.6 NA

Dec 1976 1.9 1.3 0.2 10.2 72.4 NA

Dec 1977 1.9 1.3 0.2 9.7 74.1 NA

Dec 1978 1.9 1.3 0.3 9.3 71.5 NA

Dec 1979 1.8 1.3 0.3 8.8 61.3 66.8

Dec 1980 1.8 1.2 0.3 8.6 57.5 64.7

Dec 1981 1.7 1.2 0.3 8.0 55.0 63.3

Dec 1982 1.7 1.2 0.3 7.4 53.6 62.3

Dec 1983 1.7 1.2 0.3 7.3 55.2 61.9

Dec 1984 1.7 1.2 0.3 7.2 61.2 66.3

Dec 1985 1.7 1.3 0.4 7.1 58.7 64.5

Dec 1986 1.8 1.3 0.4 6.9 57.9 63.4

Dec 1987 1.8 1.4 0.4 6.7 56.5 64.7

Dec 1988 1.8 1.5 0.4 6.6 57.6 64.3

Dec 1989 1.9 1.5 0.4 6.5 60.3 64.6

Dec 1990 1.9 1.6 0.5 6.5 56.3 63.3

Dec 1991 2.0 1.7 0.6 6.5 55.0 61.1

Dec 1992 2.2 1.9 0.8 6.4 53.5 59.8

Dec 1993 2.3 2.0 1.1 6.4 56.3 63.3

Dec 1994 2.4 2.1 1.2 6.3 57.9 65.6

Dec 1995 2.4 2.2 1.3 6.2 63.7 71.4

Dec 1996 2.4 2.2 1.4 6.1 61.0 69.3

Dec 1997 2.4 2.2 1.2 6.0 60.8 69.1

Dec 1998 2.4 2.2 1.2 5.9 60.0 69.1

Dec 1999 2.3 2.2 1.2 5.8 62.6 72.4

Dec 2000 2.3 2.1 1.2 5.7 60.5 66.9

Dec 2001 2.3 2.1 1.2 5.6 58.4 67.6

Dec 2002 2.3 2.1 1.2 5.6 55.8 64.5

¹ Population numbers used for the denominators are Census Bureau resident population estimates adjusted to the December date by averaging the July 1 population of the current year with the July 1 population of the following year (resident population estimates by age are available online at http://www.census.gov).
² For the number of persons (65 years of age and older living in poverty) used as the denominator, see Current Population Reports, Series P60-222.
³ The pretransfer poverty population used as the denominator is the number of all elderly persons living in elderly-only units whose income (cash income plus social insurance plus Social Security but before taxes and means-tested transfers) falls below the appropriate poverty threshold. See Appendix J, Table 20, 1992 Green Book; data for subsequent years are unpublished Congressional Budget Office tabulations.
Notes: Numerators for these ratios are from Table SSI 1. Rates computed by DHHS.
Source: 1994 Green Book and U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Poverty in the United States: 2002” Current Population Reports, Series P60-222 and earlier years, (Available online at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty.html).

Table SSI 2.
SSI Recipiency Rates, 1974 – 2002
[In percent]
Date	All Recipients as a Percent of Total Population¹	Adults 18-64 as a Percent of 18-64 Population¹	Child Recipients as a Percent of All Children¹	Elderly Recipients (Persons 65 & Older) as a Percent of
All Persons 65 & Older¹	All Elderly Poor²	Pretransfer Elderly Poor³
Dec	1974	1.9	1.2	0.1	10.8	78.5	NA
Dec	1975	2.0	1.3	0.2	10.9	75.6	NA
Dec	1976	1.9	1.3	0.2	10.2	72.4	NA
Dec	1977	1.9	1.3	0.2	9.7	74.1	NA
Dec	1978	1.9	1.3	0.3	9.3	71.5	NA
Dec	1979	1.8	1.3	0.3	8.8	61.3	66.8
Dec	1980	1.8	1.2	0.3	8.6	57.5	64.7
Dec	1981	1.7	1.2	0.3	8.0	55.0	63.3
Dec	1982	1.7	1.2	0.3	7.4	53.6	62.3
Dec	1983	1.7	1.2	0.3	7.3	55.2	61.9
Dec	1984	1.7	1.2	0.3	7.2	61.2	66.3
Dec	1985	1.7	1.3	0.4	7.1	58.7	64.5
Dec	1986	1.8	1.3	0.4	6.9	57.9	63.4
Dec	1987	1.8	1.4	0.4	6.7	56.5	64.7
Dec	1988	1.8	1.5	0.4	6.6	57.6	64.3
Dec	1989	1.9	1.5	0.4	6.5	60.3	64.6
Dec	1990	1.9	1.6	0.5	6.5	56.3	63.3
Dec	1991	2.0	1.7	0.6	6.5	55.0	61.1
Dec	1992	2.2	1.9	0.8	6.4	53.5	59.8
Dec	1993	2.3	2.0	1.1	6.4	56.3	63.3
Dec	1994	2.4	2.1	1.2	6.3	57.9	65.6
Dec	1995	2.4	2.2	1.3	6.2	63.7	71.4
Dec	1996	2.4	2.2	1.4	6.1	61.0	69.3
Dec	1997	2.4	2.2	1.2	6.0	60.8	69.1
Dec	1998	2.4	2.2	1.2	5.9	60.0	69.1
Dec	1999	2.3	2.2	1.2	5.8	62.6	72.4
Dec	2000	2.3	2.1	1.2	5.7	60.5	66.9
Dec	2001	2.3	2.1	1.2	5.6	58.4	67.6
Dec	2002	2.3	2.1	1.2	5.6	55.8	64.5
¹ Population numbers used for the denominators are Census Bureau resident population estimates adjusted to the December date by averaging the July 1 population of the current year with the July 1 population of the following year (resident population estimates by age are available online at http://www.census.gov). ² For the number of persons (65 years of age and older living in poverty) used as the denominator, see Current Population Reports, Series P60-222. ³ The pretransfer poverty population used as the denominator is the number of all elderly persons living in elderly-only units whose income (cash income plus social insurance plus Social Security but before taxes and means-tested transfers) falls below the appropriate poverty threshold. See Appendix J, Table 20, 1992 Green Book; data for subsequent years are unpublished Congressional Budget Office tabulations. Notes: Numerators for these ratios are from Table SSI 1. Rates computed by DHHS. Source: 1994 Green Book and U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Poverty in the United States: 2002” Current Population Reports, Series P60-222 and earlier years, (Available online at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty.html).

Table SSI 3.
Total, Federal, and State SSI Benefits and Administration, 1974 – 2002¹
[In millions of dollars]
Calendar
Year Total Benefits Federal
Payments State Supplementation Administrative Costs
(fiscal year)

2002 ² Dollars Current Dollars Total Federally
Administered State
Administered

1974 $8,183 $5,246 $3,833 $1,413 $1,264 $149 $285

1975 18,817 5,878 4,314 1,565 1,403 162 399

1976 18,372 6,066 4,512 1,554 1,388 166 500

1977 17,950 6,306 4,703 1,603 1,431 172 526

1978 17,462 6,552 4,881 1,671 1,491 180 539

1979 17,200 7,075 5,279 1,797 1,590 207 610

1980 17,358 7,941 5,866 2,074 1,848 226 668

1981 17,157 8,593 6,518 2,076 1,839 237 718

1982 16,900 8,981 6,907 2,074 1,798 276 779

1983 16,986 9,404 7,423 1,982 1,711 270 830

1984 17,958 10,372 8,281 2,091 1,792 299 864

1985 18,492 11,060 8,777 2,283 1,973 311 953

1986 19,830 12,081 9,498 2,583 2,243 340 1,022

1987 20,510 12,951 10,029 2,922 2,563 359 976

1988 20,965 13,786 10,734 3,052 2,671 381 975

1989 21,733 14,980 11,606 3,374 2,955 419 1,051

1990 22,847 16,599 12,894 3,705 3,239 466 1,075

1991 24,468 18,524 14,765 3,759 3,231 529 1,257

1992 28,508 22,233 18,247 3,986 3,435 550 1,538

1993 30,573 24,557 20,722 3,835 3,270 566 1,467

1994 31,412 25,877 22,175 3,701 3,116 585 1,775

1995 32,613 27,628 23,919 3,708 3,118 590 1,973

1996 33,013 28,792 25,265 3,527 2,988 539 1,949

1997 32,564 29,052 25,457 3,595 2,913 682 2,055

1998 33,349 30,216 26,405 3,812 3,003 808 2,304

1999 33,392 30,923 26,805 4,154 3,301 853 2,493

2000 32,976 31,564 27,290 4,274 3,381 893 2,401

2001 33,584 33,061 28,706 4,355 3,460 895 2,498

2002 34,567 34,567 29,899 4,668 3,820 848 2,522

¹ Payments and adjustments during the respective year but not necessarily accrued for that year
² Data adjusted for inflation by ASPE using the CPI-U-X1 for calendar years
Source: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003, (Data available online at http://wwwssagov/statistics).

Table SSI 3.
Total, Federal, and State SSI Benefits and Administration, 1974 – 2002¹
[In millions of dollars]
Calendar Year	Total Benefits	Federal Payments	State Supplementation	Administrative Costs (fiscal year)
2002 ² Dollars	Current Dollars	Total	Federally Administered	State Administered
1974	$8,183	$5,246	$3,833	$1,413	$1,264	$149	$285
1975	18,817	5,878	4,314	1,565	1,403	162	399
1976	18,372	6,066	4,512	1,554	1,388	166	500
1977	17,950	6,306	4,703	1,603	1,431	172	526
1978	17,462	6,552	4,881	1,671	1,491	180	539
1979	17,200	7,075	5,279	1,797	1,590	207	610
1980	17,358	7,941	5,866	2,074	1,848	226	668
1981	17,157	8,593	6,518	2,076	1,839	237	718
1982	16,900	8,981	6,907	2,074	1,798	276	779
1983	16,986	9,404	7,423	1,982	1,711	270	830
1984	17,958	10,372	8,281	2,091	1,792	299	864
1985	18,492	11,060	8,777	2,283	1,973	311	953
1986	19,830	12,081	9,498	2,583	2,243	340	1,022
1987	20,510	12,951	10,029	2,922	2,563	359	976
1988	20,965	13,786	10,734	3,052	2,671	381	975
1989	21,733	14,980	11,606	3,374	2,955	419	1,051
1990	22,847	16,599	12,894	3,705	3,239	466	1,075
1991	24,468	18,524	14,765	3,759	3,231	529	1,257
1992	28,508	22,233	18,247	3,986	3,435	550	1,538
1993	30,573	24,557	20,722	3,835	3,270	566	1,467
1994	31,412	25,877	22,175	3,701	3,116	585	1,775
1995	32,613	27,628	23,919	3,708	3,118	590	1,973
1996	33,013	28,792	25,265	3,527	2,988	539	1,949
1997	32,564	29,052	25,457	3,595	2,913	682	2,055
1998	33,349	30,216	26,405	3,812	3,003	808	2,304
1999	33,392	30,923	26,805	4,154	3,301	853	2,493
2000	32,976	31,564	27,290	4,274	3,381	893	2,401
2001	33,584	33,061	28,706	4,355	3,460	895	2,498
2002	34,567	34,567	29,899	4,668	3,820	848	2,522
¹ Payments and adjustments during the respective year but not necessarily accrued for that year ² Data adjusted for inflation by ASPE using the CPI-U-X1 for calendar years Source: Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003, (Data available online at http://wwwssagov/statistics).

Table SSI 4.
Average Monthly SSI Benefit Payments, 1974 – 2002
Calendar
Year Total ¹ Federal
Payments State Supplementation

2002
Dollars Current
Dollars Total Federally
Administered State
Administered

1974 $466 $135 $108 $64 $71 $35

1975 360 112 92 66 69 45

1976 357 118 99 68 71 50

1977 349 123 104 69 72 53

1978 341 128 108 72 74 56

1979 341 140 119 77 79 67

1980 345 158 133 89 91 76

1981 352 176 151 92 94 79

1982 360 191 166 96 97 93

1983 358 198 172 91 92 89

1984 366 211 187 93 93 93

1985 367 219 193 99 99 102

1986 380 232 202 107 108 101

1987 383 242 208 117 118 110

1988 385 253 219 118 118 118

1989 388 267 230 126 126 127

1990 389 283 244 132 131 136

1991 392 297 260 125 122 143

1992 421 328 292 124 121 147

1993 420 337 306 112 107 150

1994 411 338 310 105 99 152

1995 413 350 322 110 103 164

1996 412 359 333 108 103 145

1997 413 369 342 99 102 86

1998 418 379 350 103 104 102

1999 419 388 356 111 113 105

2000 411 393 360 113 114 109

2001 413 407 373 113 114 108

2002 415 415 383 129 129 128

¹ Total is a weighted average of the Federal plus State average benefit, the Federal-only average benefit, and State-only average benefit.
Note: The numerators for these averages are given in Table SSI 3 and the denominators are given in Table SSI 5. Averages were computed by DHHS. Data adjusted for inflation using a calendar-year average CPI-U-X1 index.
Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 4.
Average Monthly SSI Benefit Payments, 1974 – 2002
Calendar Year	Total ¹	Federal Payments	State Supplementation
2002 Dollars	Current Dollars	Total	Federally Administered	State Administered
1974	$466	$135	$108	$64	$71	$35
1975	360	112	92	66	69	45
1976	357	118	99	68	71	50
1977	349	123	104	69	72	53
1978	341	128	108	72	74	56
1979	341	140	119	77	79	67
1980	345	158	133	89	91	76
1981	352	176	151	92	94	79
1982	360	191	166	96	97	93
1983	358	198	172	91	92	89
1984	366	211	187	93	93	93
1985	367	219	193	99	99	102
1986	380	232	202	107	108	101
1987	383	242	208	117	118	110
1988	385	253	219	118	118	118
1989	388	267	230	126	126	127
1990	389	283	244	132	131	136
1991	392	297	260	125	122	143
1992	421	328	292	124	121	147
1993	420	337	306	112	107	150
1994	411	338	310	105	99	152
1995	413	350	322	110	103	164
1996	412	359	333	108	103	145
1997	413	369	342	99	102	86
1998	418	379	350	103	104	102
1999	419	388	356	111	113	105
2000	411	393	360	113	114	109
2001	413	407	373	113	114	108
2002	415	415	383	129	129	128
¹ Total is a weighted average of the Federal plus State average benefit, the Federal-only average benefit, and State-only average benefit. Note: The numerators for these averages are given in Table SSI 3 and the denominators are given in Table SSI 5. Averages were computed by DHHS. Data adjusted for inflation using a calendar-year average CPI-U-X1 index. Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 5.
Number of Persons Receiving SSI Payments by Type of Payment, 1974 – 2002
(In thousands)
Date Total Federal State Supplementation

Total Federally Administered State Administered

Jan 1974 3,249 2,956 1,839 1,480 358

Dec 1975 4,360 3,893 1,987 1,684 303

Dec 1980 4,194 3,682 1,934 1,685 249

Dec 1984 4,094 3,699 1,875 1,607 268

Dec 1985 4,200 3,799 1,916 1,661 255

Dec 1986 4,347 3,922 2,003 1,723 279

Dec 1987 4,458 4,019 2,079 1,807 272

Dec 1988 4,541 4,089 2,155 1,885 270

Dec 1989 4,673 4,206 2,224 1,950 275

Dec 1990 4,888 4,412 2,344 2,058 286

Dec 1991 5,200 4,730 2,512 2,204 308

Dec 1992 5,647 5,202 2,684 2,372 313

Dec 1993 6,065 5,636 2,850 2,536 314

Dec 1994 6,377 5,965 2,950 2,628 322

Dec 1995 6,576 6,194 2,817 2,518 300

Dec 1996 6,677 6,326 2,732 2,421 310

Dec 1997 6,565 6,212 3,029 2,372 657

Dec 1998 6,649 6,289 3,072 2,412 661

Dec 1999 6,641 6,275 3,116 2,441 675

Dec 2000 6,685 6,320 3,164 2,481 683

Dec 2001 6,776 6,410 3,209 2,520 689

Dec 2002 6,940 6,505 3,014 2,462 553

Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 5.
Number of Persons Receiving SSI Payments by Type of Payment, 1974 – 2002
(In thousands)
Date	Total	Federal	State Supplementation
Total	Federally Administered	State Administered
Jan 1974	3,249	2,956	1,839	1,480	358
Dec 1975	4,360	3,893	1,987	1,684	303
Dec 1980	4,194	3,682	1,934	1,685	249
Dec 1984	4,094	3,699	1,875	1,607	268
Dec 1985	4,200	3,799	1,916	1,661	255
Dec 1986	4,347	3,922	2,003	1,723	279
Dec 1987	4,458	4,019	2,079	1,807	272
Dec 1988	4,541	4,089	2,155	1,885	270
Dec 1989	4,673	4,206	2,224	1,950	275
Dec 1990	4,888	4,412	2,344	2,058	286
Dec 1991	5,200	4,730	2,512	2,204	308
Dec 1992	5,647	5,202	2,684	2,372	313
Dec 1993	6,065	5,636	2,850	2,536	314
Dec 1994	6,377	5,965	2,950	2,628	322
Dec 1995	6,576	6,194	2,817	2,518	300
Dec 1996	6,677	6,326	2,732	2,421	310
Dec 1997	6,565	6,212	3,029	2,372	657
Dec 1998	6,649	6,289	3,072	2,412	661
Dec 1999	6,641	6,275	3,116	2,441	675
Dec 2000	6,685	6,320	3,164	2,481	683
Dec 2001	6,776	6,410	3,209	2,520	689
Dec 2002	6,940	6,505	3,014	2,462	553
Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 6.
Characteristics of SSI Recipients, by Age, Sex, Earnings/Income,
and Citizenship: Selected Years, 1980-2002
1980 1985 1990 1992 1994 1997 2000 2002

Total

Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

   under 18 5.5 5.5 6.4 10.0 13.4 13.5 12.8 13.5

   18-64 40.9 45.4 50.9 52.3 53.0 54.8 56.7 57.2

   65 or older 53.6 49.1 42.7 37.7 33.7 31.6 30.5 29.3

Sex

   Male 34.4 35.2 37.2 39.0 41.3 41.3 41.5 42.0

   Female 65.5 64.8 62.8 61.0 58.7 58.7 58.5 58.0

Selected Sources of Income

   Earnings 3.2 3.8 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.1

   Social Security 51.0 49.4 45.9 42.1 39.1 37.1 36.1 35.5

   No other income 34.8 34.5 36.4 38.7 43.6 46.5 54.4 55.1

Noncitizens NA 5.1 9.0 10.8 11.7 10.0 10.5 10.4

Eligibility Category

   Aged 43.6 36.4 30.2 26.4 23.3 21.0 19.5 18.4

   Blind 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1

   Disabled 54.5 61.7 68.1 72.0 75.4 77.8 79.3 80.4

Aged

Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

   65-69 14.0 14.9 19.4 20.7 20.5 17.6 15.6 15.3

   70-79 51.5 45.6 41.3 42.5 44.3 48.4 50.0 49.1

   80 or older 34.5 39.5 39.2 36.8 35.1 34.0 34.5 35.7

Sex

   Male 27.3 25.5 25.1 25.6 26.8 27.8 29.0 29.9

   Female 72.6 74.5 74.9 74.4 73.2 72.2 71.0 70.1

Noncitizens NA 9.7 19.4 25.4 30.0 27.0 28.5 29.2

Blind and Disabled

Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

   18-64 80.2 77.7 80.0 82.0 83.4 83.6 83.8 83.8

  65 or older 19.8 22.3 20.0 18.0 16.6 16.4 16.2 16.1

Sex¹

   Male 39.8 40.8 42.4 43.9 41.8 41.1 44.5 44.8

   Female 60.2 59.2 57.6 56.1 58.2 58.9 55.5 55.2

Noncitizens NA 2.4 4.6 5.6 6.2 5.5 6.1 7.2

Children

Ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

   Under 5 11.7 NA NA 16.0 15.8 15.8 15.5 16.1

   5-9 20.9 NA NA 26.9 28.5 30.2 28.5 26.8

   10-14 28.8 NA NA 30.6 32.7 34.6 36.2 36.9

   15-17 21.7 NA NA 15.7 17.3 19.4 19.8 20.2

   18-21² 16.8 14.3 9.3 10.8 5.7 – – –

Sex

  Male NA NA NA 62.0 63.0 62.9 63.8 64.3

  Female NA NA NA 38.0 37.0 37.1 36.2 35.7

¹ For 1980-1992 male-female classification reflects all blind and disabled, both children and adults; thereafter, it is based on adults only.
² In this table, students 18-21 are classified as children prior to 1998.
Note: Data are for December of the year.
Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 and prior years.

Table SSI 6.
Characteristics of SSI Recipients, by Age, Sex, Earnings/Income,
and Citizenship: Selected Years, 1980-2002
	1980	1985	1990	1992	1994	1997	2000	2002
	Total
Ages	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
under 18	5.5	5.5	6.4	10.0	13.4	13.5	12.8	13.5
18-64	40.9	45.4	50.9	52.3	53.0	54.8	56.7	57.2
65 or older	53.6	49.1	42.7	37.7	33.7	31.6	30.5	29.3
Sex
Male	34.4	35.2	37.2	39.0	41.3	41.3	41.5	42.0
Female	65.5	64.8	62.8	61.0	58.7	58.7	58.5	58.0
Selected Sources of Income
Earnings	3.2	3.8	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.1
Social Security	51.0	49.4	45.9	42.1	39.1	37.1	36.1	35.5
No other income	34.8	34.5	36.4	38.7	43.6	46.5	54.4	55.1
Noncitizens	NA	5.1	9.0	10.8	11.7	10.0	10.5	10.4
Eligibility Category
Aged	43.6	36.4	30.2	26.4	23.3	21.0	19.5	18.4
Blind	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.1
Disabled	54.5	61.7	68.1	72.0	75.4	77.8	79.3	80.4
	Aged
Ages	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
65-69	14.0	14.9	19.4	20.7	20.5	17.6	15.6	15.3
70-79	51.5	45.6	41.3	42.5	44.3	48.4	50.0	49.1
80 or older	34.5	39.5	39.2	36.8	35.1	34.0	34.5	35.7
Sex
Male	27.3	25.5	25.1	25.6	26.8	27.8	29.0	29.9
Female	72.6	74.5	74.9	74.4	73.2	72.2	71.0	70.1
Noncitizens	NA	9.7	19.4	25.4	30.0	27.0	28.5	29.2
	Blind and Disabled
Ages	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
18-64	80.2	77.7	80.0	82.0	83.4	83.6	83.8	83.8
65 or older	19.8	22.3	20.0	18.0	16.6	16.4	16.2	16.1
Sex¹
Male	39.8	40.8	42.4	43.9	41.8	41.1	44.5	44.8
Female	60.2	59.2	57.6	56.1	58.2	58.9	55.5	55.2
Noncitizens	NA	2.4	4.6	5.6	6.2	5.5	6.1	7.2
	Children
Ages	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5	11.7	NA	NA	16.0	15.8	15.8	15.5	16.1
5-9	20.9	NA	NA	26.9	28.5	30.2	28.5	26.8
10-14	28.8	NA	NA	30.6	32.7	34.6	36.2	36.9
15-17	21.7	NA	NA	15.7	17.3	19.4	19.8	20.2
18-21²	16.8	14.3	9.3	10.8	5.7	–	–	–
Sex
Male	NA	NA	NA	62.0	63.0	62.9	63.8	64.3
Female	NA	NA	NA	38.0	37.0	37.1	36.2	35.7
¹ For 1980-1992 male-female classification reflects all blind and disabled, both children and adults; thereafter, it is based on adults only. ² In this table, students 18-21 are classified as children prior to 1998. Note: Data are for December of the year. Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 and prior years.

Table SSI 7.
Total SSI Payments, Federal SSI Payments and State Supplementary Payments,
Calendar Year 2002
(In thousands)
State Total Total Federal Federal SSI State Supplementation

Federally Administered State Administered

Total $34,566,844 $33,720,491 $29,898,765 $3,820,234 $847,845

Alabama 730,105 729,691 729,691 – 414

Alaska 99,520 43,872 43,872 – 55,648

Arizona 406,848 406,474 406,474 – 374

Arkansas 354,418 354,418 354,412 6 –

California 7,230,494 7,230,494 4,460,666 2,769,828 –

Colorado 331,543 243,234 243,234 – 88,309

Connecticut 319,446 236,055 236,055 – 83,391

Delaware 56,374 56,374 55,350 1,024 –

District of Columbia 102,083 102,082 98,518 3,564 –

Florida 1,824,115 1,814,407 1,814,392 15 9,707

Georgia 854,414 854,414 854,411 3 –

Hawaii 110,657 110,658 98,495 12,163 –

Idaho 94,024 86,514 86,514 – 7,510

Illinois 1,275,885 1,246,787 1,246,787 – 29,098

Indiana 427,283 423,503 423,503 – 3,780

Iowa 191,069 175,290 172,391 2,899 15,779

Kansas 164,412 164,412 164,412 – –

Kentucky 821,504 802,898 802,898 – 18,606

Louisiana 761,420 760,944 760,944 – 476

Maine 138,104 130,762 130,762 – 7,342

Maryland 442,285 434,761 434,752 9 7,524

Massachusetts 849,101 849,101 683,294 165,807 –

Michigan 1,097,109 1,065,066 1,039,390 25,676 32,043

Minnesota 389,321 303,434 303,424 10 85,888

Mississippi 542,847 542,847 542,845 2 –

Missouri 541,328 515,040 515,040 – 26,288

Montana 62,959 62,959 62,136 823 –

Nebraska 99,177 92,870 92,870 – 6,307

Nevada 132,907 132,908 127,780 5,128 –

New Hampshire 67,382 55,785 55,785 – 11,597

New Jersey 721,272 721,272 640,486 80,786 –

New Mexico 217,053 216,882 216,882 – 171

New York 3,407,767 3,407,767 2,849,925 557,842 –

North Carolina 937,938 797,987 797,987 – 139,951

North Dakota 33,716 31,784 31,784 – 1,932

Ohio 1,189,946 1,189,946 1,189,936 10 –

Oklahoma 365,295 327,859 327,859 – 37,436

Oregon 282,957 262,681 262,681 – 20,276

Pennsylvania 1,550,661 1,550,660 1,406,743 143,917 –

Rhode Island 146,253 146,253 121,290 24,963 –

South Carolina 465,841 454,062 454,062 – 11,779

South Dakota 54,751 52,251 52,246 5 2,501

Tennessee 705,106 705,106 705,106 0.286 –

Texas 1,799,263 1,797,304 1,797,304 – 1,959

Utah 97,817 97,816 97,756 60 –

Vermont 55,462 55,462 46,161 9,301 –

Virginia 593,731 574,659 574,659 – 19,072

Washington 539,989 539,761 523,340 16,421 228

West Virginia 348,553 348,553 348,553 – –

Wisconsin 508,120 386,334 386,334 – 121,786

Wyoming 25,353 24,680 24,680 – 673

Other: N. Mariana Islands 3,358 3,358 3,358 – –

Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 7.
Total SSI Payments, Federal SSI Payments and State Supplementary Payments,
Calendar Year 2002
(In thousands)
State	Total	Total Federal	Federal SSI	State Supplementation
Federally Administered	State Administered
Total	$34,566,844	$33,720,491	$29,898,765	$3,820,234	$847,845
Alabama	730,105	729,691	729,691	–	414
Alaska	99,520	43,872	43,872	–	55,648
Arizona	406,848	406,474	406,474	–	374
Arkansas	354,418	354,418	354,412	6	–
California	7,230,494	7,230,494	4,460,666	2,769,828	–
Colorado	331,543	243,234	243,234	–	88,309
Connecticut	319,446	236,055	236,055	–	83,391
Delaware	56,374	56,374	55,350	1,024	–
District of Columbia	102,083	102,082	98,518	3,564	–
Florida	1,824,115	1,814,407	1,814,392	15	9,707
Georgia	854,414	854,414	854,411	3	–
Hawaii	110,657	110,658	98,495	12,163	–
Idaho	94,024	86,514	86,514	–	7,510
Illinois	1,275,885	1,246,787	1,246,787	–	29,098
Indiana	427,283	423,503	423,503	–	3,780
Iowa	191,069	175,290	172,391	2,899	15,779
Kansas	164,412	164,412	164,412	–	–
Kentucky	821,504	802,898	802,898	–	18,606
Louisiana	761,420	760,944	760,944	–	476
Maine	138,104	130,762	130,762	–	7,342
Maryland	442,285	434,761	434,752	9	7,524
Massachusetts	849,101	849,101	683,294	165,807	–
Michigan	1,097,109	1,065,066	1,039,390	25,676	32,043
Minnesota	389,321	303,434	303,424	10	85,888
Mississippi	542,847	542,847	542,845	2	–
Missouri	541,328	515,040	515,040	–	26,288
Montana	62,959	62,959	62,136	823	–
Nebraska	99,177	92,870	92,870	–	6,307
Nevada	132,907	132,908	127,780	5,128	–
New Hampshire	67,382	55,785	55,785	–	11,597
New Jersey	721,272	721,272	640,486	80,786	–
New Mexico	217,053	216,882	216,882	–	171
New York	3,407,767	3,407,767	2,849,925	557,842	–
North Carolina	937,938	797,987	797,987	–	139,951
North Dakota	33,716	31,784	31,784	–	1,932
Ohio	1,189,946	1,189,946	1,189,936	10	–
Oklahoma	365,295	327,859	327,859	–	37,436
Oregon	282,957	262,681	262,681	–	20,276
Pennsylvania	1,550,661	1,550,660	1,406,743	143,917	–
Rhode Island	146,253	146,253	121,290	24,963	–
South Carolina	465,841	454,062	454,062	–	11,779
South Dakota	54,751	52,251	52,246	5	2,501
Tennessee	705,106	705,106	705,106	0.286	–
Texas	1,799,263	1,797,304	1,797,304	–	1,959
Utah	97,817	97,816	97,756	60	–
Vermont	55,462	55,462	46,161	9,301	–
Virginia	593,731	574,659	574,659	–	19,072
Washington	539,989	539,761	523,340	16,421	228
West Virginia	348,553	348,553	348,553	–	–
Wisconsin	508,120	386,334	386,334	–	121,786
Wyoming	25,353	24,680	24,680	–	673
Other: N. Mariana Islands	3,358	3,358	3,358	–	–
Source: Number of persons receiving payments obtained from Social Security Administration, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003.

Table SSI 8.
SSI Recipiency Rates by State And Program Type for 1979 and 2002
[In percent]
State Total Recipiency Rate Rate for Adults 18-64 Rate for Adults 65 & Over

1979 2002 Percent Change 1979-02 1979 2002 Percent Change 1979-02 1979 2002 Percent Change 1979-02

Alabama 3.6 3.6 1 1.8 3.5 91 21.0 6.9 -67

Alaska 0.8 1.5 95 0.5 1.5 178 14.0 6.0 -57

Arizona 1.1 1.6 44 0.9 1.6 80 5.0 3.2 -36

Arkansas 3.5 3.1 -11 1.9 3.0 60 17.1 5.8 -66

California 3.0 3.2 6 2.1 2.5 22 16.4 13.3 -19

Colorado 1.1 1.2 9 0.8 1.1 43 6.7 3.2 -52

Connecticut 0.8 1.5 100 0.6 1.5 138 2.7 2.6 -4

Delaware 1.2 1.6 34 0.9 1.4 49 5.4 2.3 -58

District of Columbia 2.3 3.5 54 1.9 3.1 61 8.6 6.7 -22

Florida 1.8 2.4 35 1.1 1.9 67 6.2 4.8 -23

Georgia 2.9 2.3 -20 1.9 2.1 11 17.7 6.8 -62

Hawaii 1.1 1.7 62 0.7 1.5 117 7.6 5.1 -33

Idaho 0.8 1.4 77 0.6 1.6 150 3.8 2.0 -47

Illinois 1.1 2.0 85 1.0 2.0 111 4.3 3.8 -11

Indiana 0.8 1.5 100 0.6 1.6 162 3.3 1.7 -49

Iowa 0.9 1.4 57 0.6 1.6 158 3.5 1.7 -51

Kansas 0.9 1.4 57 0.6 1.4 122 3.5 1.9 -45

Kentucky 2.5 4.3 69 1.8 4.4 146 12.5 7.0 -44

Louisiana 3.4 3.7 10 2.0 3.5 72 20.1 7.8 -61

Maine 2.0 2.4 23 1.4 2.7 94 8.6 3.1 -64

Maryland 1.2 1.6 39 0.9 1.5 60 5.4 4.0 -26

Massachusetts 2.2 2.6 16 1.3 2.5 95 10.8 5.6 -48

Michigan 1.3 2.1 67 1.1 2.3 115 5.9 3.0 -49

Minnesota 0.8 1.3 60 0.6 1.3 136 3.7 2.6 -30

Mississippi 4.5 4.4 -2 2.4 4.0 65 26.0 10.3 -60

Missouri 1.8 2.0 14 1.1 2.1 91 7.9 2.9 -63

Montana 0.9 1.6 80 0.7 1.7 136 3.8 2.0 -47

Nebraska 0.9 1.3 48 0.6 1.3 103 3.4 1.7 -50

Nevada 0.8 1.3 55 0.5 1.2 126 5.9 3.3 -44

New Hampshire 0.6 1.0 72 0.4 1.1 150 2.5 1.2 -53

New Jersey 1.1 1.7 49 0.9 1.4 63 4.7 4.5 -4

New Mexico 2.0 2.6 32 1.4 2.4 75 12.4 6.9 -44

New York 2.1 3.3 56 1.6 2.8 76 8.3 9.0 9

North Carolina 2.4 2.3 -4 1.6 2.0 27 13.6 5.4 -60

North Dakota 1.0 1.3 31 0.6 1.3 128 5.1 2.2 -56

Ohio 1.1 2.1 89 1.0 2.3 132 4.2 2.4 -42

Oklahoma 2.3 2.1 -9 1.3 2.1 58 11.6 3.8 -67

Oregon 0.9 1.6 86 0.7 1.7 143 3.3 2.8 -15

Pennsylvania 1.4 2.4 71 1.1 2.5 123 5.0 3.4 -31

Rhode Island 1.6 2.7 70 1.1 2.6 141 6.4 4.9 -24

South Carolina 2.7 2.6 -3 1.8 2.3 29 17.0 5.6 -67

South Dakota 1.1 1.7 49 0.7 1.6 122 5.0 3.0 -40

Tennessee 2.9 2.8 -2 1.9 2.7 44 14.8 5.5 -63

Texas 1.9 2.0 6 1.0 1.6 68 12.7 7.5 -41

Utah 0.6 0.9 64 0.5 1.0 96 3.0 1.9 -37

Vermont 1.8 2.1 19 1.3 2.1 60 8.1 3.6 -55

Virginia 1.5 1.8 20 1.0 1.6 57 8.5 4.6 -46

Washington 1.2 1.7 47 1.0 1.8 84 4.8 3.6 -25

West Virginia 2.1 4.1 92 1.9 4.7 153 8.0 4.6 -42

Wisconsin 1.4 1.6 11 1.0 1.6 67 6.5 2.3 -65

Wyoming 0.4 1.1 162 0.3 1.2 314 2.7 1.6 -42

Total 1.9 2.4 30 1.3 2.2 75 9.0 5.6 -38

Note: Recipiency rates for 2002 are the ratios of the number of SSI recipients (in the respective age groups) as of the month of December to the estimated population in the respective age group as of the month of July; calculations by DHHS. The 1979 rates are based on the average number of recipients during the year.
Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 and U.S. Bureau of the Census, (Resident population by state available online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/).

Table SSI 8.
SSI Recipiency Rates by State And Program Type for 1979 and 2002
[In percent]
State	Total Recipiency Rate	Rate for Adults 18-64	Rate for Adults 65 & Over
1979	2002	Percent Change 1979-02	1979	2002	Percent Change 1979-02	1979	2002	Percent Change 1979-02
Alabama	3.6	3.6	1	1.8	3.5	91	21.0	6.9	-67
Alaska	0.8	1.5	95	0.5	1.5	178	14.0	6.0	-57
Arizona	1.1	1.6	44	0.9	1.6	80	5.0	3.2	-36
Arkansas	3.5	3.1	-11	1.9	3.0	60	17.1	5.8	-66
California	3.0	3.2	6	2.1	2.5	22	16.4	13.3	-19
Colorado	1.1	1.2	9	0.8	1.1	43	6.7	3.2	-52
Connecticut	0.8	1.5	100	0.6	1.5	138	2.7	2.6	-4
Delaware	1.2	1.6	34	0.9	1.4	49	5.4	2.3	-58
District of Columbia	2.3	3.5	54	1.9	3.1	61	8.6	6.7	-22
Florida	1.8	2.4	35	1.1	1.9	67	6.2	4.8	-23
Georgia	2.9	2.3	-20	1.9	2.1	11	17.7	6.8	-62
Hawaii	1.1	1.7	62	0.7	1.5	117	7.6	5.1	-33
Idaho	0.8	1.4	77	0.6	1.6	150	3.8	2.0	-47
Illinois	1.1	2.0	85	1.0	2.0	111	4.3	3.8	-11
Indiana	0.8	1.5	100	0.6	1.6	162	3.3	1.7	-49
Iowa	0.9	1.4	57	0.6	1.6	158	3.5	1.7	-51
Kansas	0.9	1.4	57	0.6	1.4	122	3.5	1.9	-45
Kentucky	2.5	4.3	69	1.8	4.4	146	12.5	7.0	-44
Louisiana	3.4	3.7	10	2.0	3.5	72	20.1	7.8	-61
Maine	2.0	2.4	23	1.4	2.7	94	8.6	3.1	-64
Maryland	1.2	1.6	39	0.9	1.5	60	5.4	4.0	-26
Massachusetts	2.2	2.6	16	1.3	2.5	95	10.8	5.6	-48
Michigan	1.3	2.1	67	1.1	2.3	115	5.9	3.0	-49
Minnesota	0.8	1.3	60	0.6	1.3	136	3.7	2.6	-30
Mississippi	4.5	4.4	-2	2.4	4.0	65	26.0	10.3	-60
Missouri	1.8	2.0	14	1.1	2.1	91	7.9	2.9	-63
Montana	0.9	1.6	80	0.7	1.7	136	3.8	2.0	-47
Nebraska	0.9	1.3	48	0.6	1.3	103	3.4	1.7	-50
Nevada	0.8	1.3	55	0.5	1.2	126	5.9	3.3	-44
New Hampshire	0.6	1.0	72	0.4	1.1	150	2.5	1.2	-53
New Jersey	1.1	1.7	49	0.9	1.4	63	4.7	4.5	-4
New Mexico	2.0	2.6	32	1.4	2.4	75	12.4	6.9	-44
New York	2.1	3.3	56	1.6	2.8	76	8.3	9.0	9
North Carolina	2.4	2.3	-4	1.6	2.0	27	13.6	5.4	-60
North Dakota	1.0	1.3	31	0.6	1.3	128	5.1	2.2	-56
Ohio	1.1	2.1	89	1.0	2.3	132	4.2	2.4	-42
Oklahoma	2.3	2.1	-9	1.3	2.1	58	11.6	3.8	-67
Oregon	0.9	1.6	86	0.7	1.7	143	3.3	2.8	-15
Pennsylvania	1.4	2.4	71	1.1	2.5	123	5.0	3.4	-31
Rhode Island	1.6	2.7	70	1.1	2.6	141	6.4	4.9	-24
South Carolina	2.7	2.6	-3	1.8	2.3	29	17.0	5.6	-67
South Dakota	1.1	1.7	49	0.7	1.6	122	5.0	3.0	-40
Tennessee	2.9	2.8	-2	1.9	2.7	44	14.8	5.5	-63
Texas	1.9	2.0	6	1.0	1.6	68	12.7	7.5	-41
Utah	0.6	0.9	64	0.5	1.0	96	3.0	1.9	-37
Vermont	1.8	2.1	19	1.3	2.1	60	8.1	3.6	-55
Virginia	1.5	1.8	20	1.0	1.6	57	8.5	4.6	-46
Washington	1.2	1.7	47	1.0	1.8	84	4.8	3.6	-25
West Virginia	2.1	4.1	92	1.9	4.7	153	8.0	4.6	-42
Wisconsin	1.4	1.6	11	1.0	1.6	67	6.5	2.3	-65
Wyoming	0.4	1.1	162	0.3	1.2	314	2.7	1.6	-42
Total	1.9	2.4	30	1.3	2.2	75	9.0	5.6	-38
Note: Recipiency rates for 2002 are the ratios of the number of SSI recipients (in the respective age groups) as of the month of December to the estimated population in the respective age group as of the month of July; calculations by DHHS. The 1979 rates are based on the average number of recipients during the year. Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003 and U.S. Bureau of the Census, (Resident population by state available online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/).

Table SSI 9.
SSI Recipiency Rates by State, Selected Fiscal Years, 1975 – 2002
[In percent]
State 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992 1994 ² 1996 ² 2002 ²

Alabama 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.6

Alaska 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5

Arizona 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6

Arkansas 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.1

California 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2

Colorado 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2

Connecticut 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5

Delaware 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6

District of Columbia 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.5

Florida 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.4

Georgia 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.3

Hawaii 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7

Idaho 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4

Illinois 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0

Indiana 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5

Iowa 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4

Kansas 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4

Kentucky 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.4 4.1 4.4 4.3

Louisiana 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.7

Maine 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.4

Maryland 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6

Massachusetts 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.6

Michigan 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.1

Minnesota 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mississippi 5.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.2 4.4

Missouri 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0

Montana 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6

Nebraska 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3

Nevada 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.3

New Hampshire 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

New Jersey 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7

New Mexico 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.6

New York 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.3

North Carolina 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.3

North Dakota 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

Ohio 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.1

Oklahoma 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1

Oregon 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6

Pennsylvania 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4

Rhode Island 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.7

South Carolina 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.6

South Dakota 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.7

Tennessee 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.8

Texas 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.0

Utah 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9

Vermont 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1

Virginia 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8

Washington 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7

West Virginia 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.8 4.1

Wisconsin 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.6

Wyoming 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1

Total ¹ 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4

¹ The number of SSI recipients used to calculate the total recipiency rate includes a certain number of recipients whose State is unknown. For 1975, 1985, and 1992, the numbers of unknown (in thousands) were 256, 14, and 71 respectively.
² For 1975-92 the percentages are calculated as the average number of monthly SSI recipients over the total population of each State in July of that year. For 1994-2002 the number of recipients is from the month of December; calculations by DHHS.
Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003, and Bureau of the Census, (Resident population by state available online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/)

Table SSI 9.
SSI Recipiency Rates by State, Selected Fiscal Years, 1975 – 2002
[In percent]
State	1975	1980	1985	1990	1992	1994 ²	1996 ²	2002 ²
Alabama	4.0	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.9	3.6
Alaska	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.5
Arizona	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.6
Arkansas	4.1	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.1
California	3.1	3.0	2.6	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2
Colorado	1.4	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.2
Connecticut	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
Delaware	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.6
District of Columbia	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.7	3.0	3.5	3.7	3.5
Florida	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.9	2.3	2.4	2.4
Georgia	3.3	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.3
Hawaii	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.7
Idaho	1.1	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.4
Illinois	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.6	1.8	2.2	2.3	2.0
Indiana	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.5
Iowa	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4
Kansas	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.5	1.4
Kentucky	2.8	2.6	2.7	3.1	3.4	4.1	4.4	4.3
Louisiana	3.9	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.5	4.1	4.2	3.7
Maine	2.3	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.4
Maryland	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.6
Massachusetts	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.6	2.7	2.6
Michigan	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.2	2.1
Minnesota	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mississippi	5.2	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.7	5.2	5.2	4.4
Missouri	2.1	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.2	2.0
Montana	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.6
Nebraska	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3
Nevada	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.3
New Hampshire	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0
New Jersey	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.7
New Mexico	2.3	1.9	1.8	2.1	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.6
New York	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.6	3.1	3.3	3.3
North Carolina	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.3
North Dakota	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Ohio	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.6	2.1	2.3	2.1
Oklahoma	3.0	2.2	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.1
Oregon	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.1	2.2	2.4
Rhode Island	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.9	2.3	2.6	2.7
South Carolina	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.6
South Dakota	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.7
Tennessee	3.2	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.4	3.4	2.8
Texas	2.2	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.0
Utah	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.9
Vermont	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.8	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.1
Virginia	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.8
Washington	1.5	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.7
West Virginia	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.6	2.9	3.5	3.8	4.1
Wisconsin	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.8	1.9	2.2	1.8	1.6
Wyoming	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.1
Total ¹	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.4
¹ The number of SSI recipients used to calculate the total recipiency rate includes a certain number of recipients whose State is unknown. For 1975, 1985, and 1992, the numbers of unknown (in thousands) were 256, 14, and 71 respectively. ² For 1975-92 the percentages are calculated as the average number of monthly SSI recipients over the total population of each State in July of that year. For 1994-2002 the number of recipients is from the month of December; calculations by DHHS. Source: Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin · Annual Statistical Supplement · 2003, and Bureau of the Census, (Resident population by state available online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/)

[ Go to Contents ]

Endnotes

1. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the IFA (or a residual functional capacity assessment) that applied to adults whose condition did not meet or equal a listing of medical impairments to determine eligibility should also be applied to children whose condition did not meet or equal the medical listing of impairments.

2. The GAO study estimated that 87,000 children were added to the SSI caseload after the IFA for children was initiated.

Where to?

Top of Page | Contents

Main Page of Report | Contents of Report

Home Pages:
Human Services Policy (HSP)
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)