Appendix Table A.1 Impacts on Participation in Program Activities Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Any Activity Ever participated (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 48.3 18.9 29.4 *** svpt1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 51.5 18.9 32.6 *** svpt1t25 Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 57.5 41.7 15.8 *** svpt1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 63.0 41.7 21.3 *** svpt1t25 Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 53.6 29.3 24.2 *** svpt1t25 Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 50.9 25.0 25.9 *** svpt1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 65.4 25.0 40.4 *** svpt1t25 Columbus Integrated 728 48.2 24.2 24.0 *** svpt1t25 Columbus Traditional 723 45.5 24.2 21.3 *** svpt1t25 Detroit 426 50.5 41.7 8.8 * svpt1t25 Oklahoma City 511 51.2 40.2 11.0 ** svpt1t25 Portland 610 63.9 37.5 26.4 *** svpt1t25 Job Search/Job Club Ever participated (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 33.6 4.6 29.1 *** svjc1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 15.9 4.6 11.4 *** svjc1t25 Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 31.9 4.9 27.1 *** svjc1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 17.7 4.9 12.8 *** svjc1t25 Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 37.4 5.6 31.8 *** svjc1t25 Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 39.3 5.6 33.7 *** svjc1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 26.7 5.6 21.1 *** svjc1t25 Columbus Integrated 728 14.2 3.9 10.3 *** svjc1t25 Columbus Traditional 723 11.6 3.9 7.7 *** svjc1t25 Detroit 426 12.0 5.0 6.9 ** svjc1t25 Oklahoma City 511 12.3 7.2 5.1 * svjc1t25 Portland 610 40.4 8.2 32.2 *** svjc1t25 Appendix Table A.1 (continued) Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Basic Education Ever participated (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 10.1 5.0 5.1 *** svbe1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 21.2 5.0 16.1 *** svbe1t25 Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 13.2 13.4 -0.2 svbe1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 25.8 13.4 12.4 *** svbe1t25 Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 6.7 7.2 -0.5 svbe1t25 Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 9.9 11.6 -1.7 svbe1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 49.7 11.6 38.2 *** svbe1t25 Columbus Integrated 728 20.7 8.8 11.9 *** svbe1t25 Columbus Traditional 723 20.0 8.8 11.2 *** svbe1t25 Detroit 426 19.6 19.4 0.2 svbe1t25 Oklahoma City 511 21.4 11.7 9.8 *** svbe1t25 Portland 610 15.3 10.0 5.3 ** svbe1t25 Post-Secondary Education or Vocational Training Ever participated (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 12.5 10.9 1.6 svps1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 20.6 10.9 9.7 ** * svps1t25 Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 25.0 27.5 -2.5 svps1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 33.4 27.5 5.9 ** svps1t25 Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 19.3 19.3 0.0 svps1t25 Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 11.7 12.0 -0.3 svps1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 13.3 12.0 1.3 svps1t25 Columbus Integrated 728 15.0 12.4 2.6 svps1t25 Columbus Traditional 723 18.4 12.4 6.0 ** svps1t25 Detroit 426 30.5 23.5 7.0 * svps1t25 Oklahoma City 511 28.8 25.6 3.2 svps1t25 Portland 610 28.7 21.4 7.3 ** svps1t25 (continued) Appendix Table A.1 (continued) Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Work Experience Ever participated (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 7.5 1.0 6.4 *** svwe1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 5.9 1.0 4.9 *** svwe1t25 Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 4.9 1.7 3.2 *** svwe1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 4.1 1.7 2.5 ** svwe1t25 Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 2.7 1.6 1.0 svwe1t25 Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 2.1 1.0 1.1 svwe1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 1.8 1.0 0.8 svwe1t25 Columbus Integrated 728 8.8 2.2 6.7 *** svwe1t25 Columbus Traditional 723 7.5 2.2 5.4 *** svwe1t25 Detroit 426 1.1 1.2 -0.1 svwe1t25 Oklahoma City 511 4.4 1.8 2.6 * svwe1t25 Portland 610 9.4 2.3 7.1 *** svwe1t25
Table 4.1 Program Impacts on Sanctioning Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Ever informed of possibility that welfare grant would be reduced for non-compliance with program requirements (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 68.0 44.3 23.6 *** sancinfo Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 68.7 44.3 24.3 *** sancinfo Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 80.9 56.4 24.5 *** sancinfo Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 82.6 56.4 26.2 *** sancinfo Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 69.7 47.4 22.3 *** sancinfo Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 71.1 50.2 20.9 *** sancinfo Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 71.7 50.2 21.4 *** sancinfo Columbus Integrated 728 68.0 29.6 38.4 *** sancinfo Columbus Traditional 723 69.1 29.6 39.5 *** sancinfo Detroit 426 57.7 44.3 13.4 *** sancinfo Oklahoma City 511 44.5 23.3 21.2 *** sancinfo Portland 610 67.3 35.5 31.8 *** sancinfo Ever sanctioned (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 10.9 3.7 7.2 *** sanction Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 20.7 3.7 17.1 *** sanction Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 32.0 8.5 23.5 *** sanction Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 30.4 8.5 22.0 *** sanction Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 14.1 4.5 9.6 *** sanction Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 16.3 4.7 11.6 *** sanction Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 20.3 4.7 15.6 *** sanction Columbus Integrated 728 26.1 4.2 21.9 *** sanction Columbus Traditional 723 30.9 4.2 26.7 *** sanction Detroit 426 3.4 2.2 1.2 sanction Oklahoma City 511 3.8 2.1 1.7 sanction Portland 610 18.4 4.4 14.0 *** sanction
Table 4.2 Program Impacts on Attitudes Toward Work and Welfare Sample Program Control Difference Percentage Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Change (%) Strongly disagree that it's easy just to stay on welfare and not try to get off (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 64.8 60.3 4.5 ** 7.5 lowlfsty Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 58.8 60.3 -1.5 -2.5 lowlfsty lowlfsty Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 56.0 50.8 5.2 * 10.2 lowlfsty Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 55.9 50.8 5.1 * 10.0 lowlfsty lowlfsty Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 48.6 45.9 2.8 6.0 lowlfsty Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 51.6 47.2 4.5 9.5 lowlfsty Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 55.8 47.2 8.6 *** 18.2 lowlfsty lowlfsty Columbus Integrated 728 53.9 52.4 1.5 2.9 lowlfsty Columbus Traditional 723 57.9 52.4 5.5 10.4 lowlfsty lowlfsty Detroit 426 60.4 58.9 1.6 2.7 lowlfsty lowlfsty Oklahoma City 511 46.9 45.1 1.8 4.0 lowlfsty lowlfsty Portland 610 55.0 51.7 3.3 6.4 lowlfsty Strongly agree that the welfare department tries hard to make people look for a job (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 39.5 34.3 5.2 ** 15.3 hiwlfjob Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 42.7 34.3 8.4 *** 24.5 hiwlfjob Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 54.9 43.1 11.8 *** 27.4 hiwlfjob Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 52.8 43.1 9.8 *** 22.7 hiwlfjob Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 46.7 31.7 15.0 *** 47.5 hiwlfjob Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 50.4 33.2 17.2 *** 51.7 hiwlfjob Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 47.9 33.2 14.6 *** 44.0 hiwlfjob Columbus Integrated 728 53.1 29.5 23.7 *** 80.3 hiwlfjob Columbus Traditional 723 42.6 29.5 13.1 *** 44.4 hiwlfjob Detroit 426 42.8 49.6 -6.9 -13.8 hiwlfjob Oklahoma City 511 41.2 32.6 8.6 * 26.3 hiwlfjob Portland 610 52.6 40.6 12.0 *** 29.5 hiwlfjob (continued) Table 4.2 (continued) Sample Program Control Difference Percentage Site and Program Size Group Group (Impact) Change (%) Strongly agree that the welfare department tries hard to make people go to school to get training (%) Atlanta Labor Force Attachment 1890 46.2 40.6 5.6 ** 13.8 hiwlftrg Atlanta Human Capital Development 2199 51.2 40.6 10.6 *** 26.2 hiwlftrg Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment 1158 60.1 50.1 10.0 *** 19.9 hiwlftrg Grand Rapids Human Capital Development 1158 64.0 50.1 13.9 *** 27.8 hiwlftrg Riverside Labor Force Attachment 1678 37.1 27.0 10.1 *** 37.2 hiwlftrg Lacked high school diploma or basic skills 1012 44.0 30.7 13.3 *** 43.2 hiwlftrg Riverside Human Capital Development 1350 48.6 30.7 17.9 *** 58.2 hiwlftrg Columbus Integrated 728 64.6 38.0 26.6 *** 70.0 hiwlftrg Columbus Traditional 723 47.7 38.0 9.6 *** 25.3 hiwlftrg Detroit 426 52.3 54.3 -2.0 -3.7 hiwlftrg Oklahoma City 511 47.3 37.1 10.2 ** 27.3 hiwlftrg Portland 610 42.9 37.7 5.2 13.8 hiwlftrg