Ending Chronic Homelessness
Strategies for Action

Appendices

[ Main Page of Report | Contents of Report ]

Appendices:

1. Membership of the Secretary’s Work Group on Ending Chronic Homelessness
2. Membership of the Interagency Subcommittee of the Secretary’s Work Group
3. Definitions of Treatments and Services for People Who Experience Chronic Homelessness
4. Citations for Research/Evaluation Findings on Effective Treatments and Services for People Who Experience Chronic Homelessness

Appendix A:

Department of Health and Human Services
SECRETARY'S WORK GROUP
ON ENDING CHRONIC HOMELESSNESS
Membership

CHAIR
Claude Allen Deputy Secretary, DHHS Room 606-G 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6133 Fax: (202) 690-7755
Immediate Office of the Secretary
Willis Morris Senior Advisor to the Deputy Secretary Room 614-G 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6133 Fax: (202) 690-7755	Cynthia Kenny Policy Coordinator, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Room 629H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 205-9162 Fax: (202)
Administration for Children and Families
Clarence Carter Director, Office of Community Services Aerospace Building - 5th Floor 901 D St, S.W. Washington D.C., 20447 Ph: (202) 401-9333 Fax: (202) 401-4694
Administration on Aging
Edwin Walker Director, Center for Wellness and Community-Based Services. Room 4733, Cohen Building 330 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 619-0011 Fax: (202) 260-1012
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Timothy Trysla Policy Advisor, Office of the Administrator Room 314-G 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6726 Fax: (202) 690-6262
Health Resources and Services Administration
Lyman Van Nostrand Acting Director, Office of Policy and Evaluation Room 14-45 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Ph: (301) 443-1891 Fax: (301) 443-0007
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Gail Hutchings Senior Advisor to the Administrator Room 12-105 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Ph: (301) 443-4795 Fax: (301) 443-0284
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Budget, Technology, and Finance
Kathlene Heuer Deputy Assistant Secretary for Performance and Planning Room 524G 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6061 Fax: (202) 690-5405	Alternate: Kerry Weems Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget Room 503H 200 Independence Avenue Washington D.C. 20201 Ph: (202) 690-7393 Fax: (202) 690-6896
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation
Barbara Pisaro Clark Senior Legislative Analyst, Human Services Room 411-H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6311 Fax: (202) 690-8425
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
Don Winstead Deputy Assistant Secretary, Human Services Policy Room 404E-2 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-7409 Fax: (202) 690-6562
Office of the Secretary
Robert Keith Office of General Counsel Room 411-D 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-8005 Fax: (202) 690-7320	James Mason Intergovernmental Affairs Humphrey Building, Room 614-E 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 401-5639 Fax: (202) 690-5672
Staff
Peggy Halpern Policy Analyst, Human Services Policy, ASPE Room 424E.11 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 260-0285 Fax: (202) 690-6562	Walter Leginski Senior Advisor on Homelessness Human Services Policy, ASPE Room 426F.6 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 260-0384 Fax: (202) 690-6562

Appendix B

Department of Health and Human Services
INTERAGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE
OF THE SECRETARY'S WORK GROUP
ON ENDING CHRONIC HOMELESSNESS

Membership

Immediate Office of the Secretary
Willis Morris Senior Advisor to the Deputy Secretary Room 614-G 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6133 Fax: (202) 690-7755	Cynthia Kenny Policy Coordinator, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Room 629H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 205-9162 Fax: (202) 205-2135
Administration for Children and Families
Beverly Bunn Staff Assistant for Marriage Education Office of the Assistant Secretary 6th Floor-West 901 D St, S.W. Washington D.C., 20447 Ph: (202) 401-5240 and 401-9207 Fax: (202) 401-5770
Administration on Aging
Sherri Clark Program Specialist Room 4747 330 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20201 Ph: (202) 619-3955 Fax: (202) 260-1012
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Glenn Stanton Deputy Director Disabled and Elderly Health Program Group Center for Medicaid and State Operations Rm S2-14-26 7500 Security Blvd Baltimore, MD 21244-1850 Ph: (410) 786-6768 Fax: (410)786-9004	Susan McNally Director, Medicaid Group Office of Legislation Room 331H 200 Independence Ave, S.W. Washington, DC 20201 Ph: (202 ) 690-7762 Fax: (202) 690-8168
CMS Alternate: Gina Clemons Rm S2-17-04 Ph: (410) 786-9644 Fax: (410) 786-9004	CMS Alternate: Sue Clain Room 341H Ph: (202) 690-8226 Fax: (202) 690-8168
Health Resources and Services Administration
Lynnette S. Araki Office of Policy and Evaluation Room 14-45 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Ph: (301) 443-6204 Fax: (301) 443-0007	Jean Hochron Chief, Health Care for the Homeless Branch Bureau of Primary Health Care Room 9-6D2 4350 East West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814 Ph: (301)594-4437 Fax: (301)594-2470
Indian Health Service
James F. Cussen Director, Urban Indian Health Programs Room 200 810 Thompson Ave. Rockville, MD 20857 Ph: (301) 443-4680 Fax: (301) 443- 8446
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Gail Hutchings Acting Director, Center for Mental Health Services Room 17-99 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 Ph: (301) 443-0001 Fax: (301) 443-1563	Winnie Mitchell Team Leader, Office of Policy and Planning, SAMHSA Rm. 12C-05 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Ph: (301) 443-2324 Fax: (301)443-1450
Frances Randolph Chief (Acting), Homeless Programs Branch Center for Mental Health Services Room 11C-05 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Phone: (301)443-3706 Fax: (301)443-0561
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Budget, Technology, and Finance
Nick Burbank Room 503H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-7846 Fax: (202) 690-6896
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation
Barbara Pisaro Clark Senior Legislative Analyst, Human Services Room 411-H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6311 Fax: (202) 690-8425	Sharon Clarkin Associate Director of Health Legislation Room 409-H 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-7450 Fax: (202) 690-8425
ASL Alternate Jessamy Taylor Ph: (202) 690-7627 Fax: (202) 690-8425
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
Peggy Halpern Policy Analyst, Human Services Policy, ASPE Room 424E.11 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 260-0285 Fax: (202) 690-6562	Walter Leginski Senior Advisor on Homelessness Human Services Policy, ASPE Room 426F.6 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 260-0384 Fax: (202) 690-6562
Office of General Counsel
Robert Keith Office of General Counsel Room 411-D 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-8005 Fax: (202) 690-7320	Catherine Hess Office of General Counsel Room 411-D 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-8005 Fax: (202) 690-7320
Office of the Secretary
Jim Mason Senior Advisor to the Director Intergovernmental Affairs Room 614-E 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 401-5639 Fax: (202)690-5672

Office of Women's Health
Frances Ashe-Goins Deputy Director and Director-Division of Policy and Program Development Office of Women's Health Room 728E 200 Independence Avenue S.W. Washington D.C., 20201 Ph: (202) 690-6373 Fax: (202) 401-4005	OWH Alternate Jeannine Greenfield Room 718F Ph: (202) 401-9545 Fax: (202) 401-4005

Appendix C:

Definitions of Treatments and Services
for People Who Experience Chronic Homelessness

The following services and treatment needs are organized into core and supportive services: The core services include those that are needed to transition people from the streets into housing and to stabilize their conditions. The supportive services include those that are needed to reintegrate people into the community, such as with jobs, education and socialization.

CORE SERVICES:

• Information and Referral. Individuals who are homeless need to be able to access appropriate services and supports when they enter into the service system. Information and referral services are those services or activities designed to provide information about services provided by public and private service providers and a brief assessment of client needs (but not diagnosis and evaluation) to facilitate appropriate referral to these community resources.
• Outreach and Engagement. Outreach services include extending services or help in order to develop a relationship of trust and engage homeless persons into treatment and service programs; to provide basic materials, such as meals, blankets, or clothes, to homeless persons; or to publicize the availability of various types of assistance such as emergency shelter or food programs that are available to a homeless person. Outreach services may take place in a variety of settings, including public places, meal programs, shelters, drop-in centers, or health care facilities.⁽ⁱ⁾
• Health Related and Home Health Services, Including HIV/AIDS. People who experience homelessness need access to a range of comprehensive services that respond to their complex and multiple health care needs. Health related and home health services are those in-home or out-of-home services or activities that provide direct treatments or are designed to assist individuals and families to attain and maintain a favorable condition of health. Component services and activities may include providing an analysis or assessment of an individual's health problems and the development of a treatment plan; assisting individuals to identify and understand their health needs; providing directly or assisting individuals to locate, provide or secure, and utilize appropriate medical treatment, preventive medical care, and health maintenance services, including in-home health services and emergency medical services; provision of appropriate medication; and providing follow-up services as needed. HIV/AIDS services include HIV/AIDS primary and secondary prevention services, HIV/AIDS counseling and testing, primary care, provision of HIV/AIDS anti-retrovirals and other medications, rehabilitative, and supportive services for persons affected and infected with HIV.
• Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services. Effective approaches for providing substance abuse treatment to people who are homeless include those activities primarily designed to prevent, deter, reduce, or eliminate substance abuse or addictive behaviors. Component substance abuse services or activities may include a comprehensive range of personal and family counseling methods, early interventions, methadone treatment for opiate abusers, or detoxification treatment for alcohol and other drug abusers. Treatment services may include intake and assessment; treatment matching and planning; behavioral therapy and counseling appropriate to the client and the severity of the problem; substance abuse toxicology and screening; clinical and case management; outcome evaluation; pharmacotherapies; and self-help and peer support activities.⁽ⁱⁱ⁾ Services may be provided in outpatient settings and alternative living arrangements such as institutional settings and community-based halfway houses.
• Mental Health and Counseling Services. People who are homeless must have access to a full range of mental health and counseling services. This includes those services and activities that apply therapeutic processes to personal, family, situational, or occupational problems in order to bring about a positive resolution of the problem or improved individual or family functioning or circumstances. Problem areas may include family and marital relationships, parent-child problems, bereavement, or symptom management. Component services may include crisis interventions; individual supportive therapy, family or group therapy sessions; the prescription of psychotropic medications or explanations about the use and management of medications; and combinations of therapeutic approaches to address multiple problems. Access to coordinated treatment for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders is also necessary and superior to other approaches for reducing alcohol and drug use, homelessness, and the severity of mental health symptoms among people with co-occurring disorders.⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾
• Inpatient Services. Inpatient services are those medical, psychiatric, or substance abuse treatment services that are provided for acute conditions on a time-limited basis in a licensed setting that provides 24-hour care by licensed and qualified staff. Such services are an important component of the full-range of comprehensive services needed to help stabilize and prepare people who experience chronic homelessness for housing.
• Case Management: Supportive Services. Supportive case management services are services or activities for the arrangement, coordination, monitoring, and delivery of services to meet the needs of individuals and families who experience homelessness. Component services and activities may include individual service plan development; counseling; monitoring, developing, securing, and coordinating services; monitoring and evaluating client progress; and assuring that clients' rights are protected.
• Case Management: Clinical, Intensive, or Assertive Community Treatment Models. These are service-delivery models that are effective in providing comprehensive community-based treatment and services to people who are homeless. Using a multidisciplinary staff, treatment and services are provided on a continuous/long-term basis, and in the community rather than an office.^(iv)
• Income Management and Support. Individuals who experience chronic homelessness are often entitled to income support and cash assistance. Many require services to help secure these entitlements including assistance being referred and making it to appointments with benefits specialists, completing application forms, and compiling medical and other records that will support the individual's application for assistance or disability insurance.^(v) Individuals may also need a representative payee or other designee to help manage the income they receive from entitlements.
• Residential Treatment Services. While people who experience chronic homelessness ultimately need permanent housing with flexible supports, residential treatment services provide short-term residential care, respite, and comprehensive treatment and services for children or adults whose problems are so severe or are such that they cannot be cared for at home or in foster care and need the specialized services provided by specialized facilities. Component services and activities delivered during the short-term residential stay may include diagnosis and evaluation; medical treatments; alcohol and drug detoxification services; psychiatric services; individual, family, and group therapy and counseling; remedial education and GED preparation; vocational or pre-vocational training; training in activities of daily living; supervised recreational and social activities; case management; transportation; and referral to and utilization of other services.
• Discharge Planning. Discharge planning help prevent chronic homelessness by preparing people residing in hospitals, shelters or jails for return or re-entry to the community by linking them with community treatment, housing and supports. Ideally, such planning begins upon entry to an institution, is ready to be implemented upon discharge, involves input from the individual, and includes time-limited, intensive supports during the transition from hospitals, shelters or jails to community-based services.^(vi) Ensuring the availability of stable housing at time of discharge is critical, as people often lose their housing while in institutions.

SUPPORTIVE SERVICES:

• Life Skills Services. Life skills services provide critical life management skills that may never have been learned or have been lost during the course of mental illness, substance use, and homelessness. They are targeted to assist the individual to function independently in the community and make the transition from homelessness to stable housing. Component life skill training includes the budgeting of resources and money management, household management, conflict management, shopping for food and needed items, nutrition, the use of public transportation, parent training, time management and social skills development.
• Child Care Services. Child care services for children (including infants, pre-schoolers, and school age children) are services or activities provided in a setting that meets applicable standards of state and local law, in a center or in a home, for a portion of a 24-hour day. Component services or activities may include a comprehensive and coordinated set of appropriate developmental activities for children, recreation, meals and snacks, transportation, health support services, social service counseling for parents, and plan development.
• Education and Training Services. People who experience homelessness often need education and training services designed to improve the knowledge, daily living, or social skills needed to reintegrate into the community. Services may include instruction or training in, but are not limited to, such issues as consumer education, health education, education to prevent substance abuse, community protection and safety education, literacy education, English as a second language, and General Educational Development (GED), job skills training and employment skills. Component services or activities may include screening, assessment and testing; individual or group instruction; tutoring; provision of books, supplies and instructional material; counseling; and referral to community resources.
• Employment Services. Employment services or activities that assist individuals in securing employment; acquiring or learning skills that promote opportunities for employment, advancement, and increased earning potential; and in retaining a job often help people who are homeless acquire or regain a valued role in society. Component services or activities may include employment screening, assessment, or testing; structured job skills and job seeking skills; specialized therapy (occupational, speech, physical); special training and tutoring, including literacy training and pre-vocational training; provision of books, supplies and instructional material; counseling or job coaching; transportation; and referral to community resources.
• Legal Services. Legal services are those services or activities provided by a lawyer or other person(s) under the supervision of a lawyer to assist individuals in seeking or obtaining legal help in civil matters such as housing, divorce, child support, guardianship, paternity, and legal separation. Component services or activities may include receiving and preparing cases for trial, provision of legal advice, representation at hearings, and counseling.^(vii)
• Transportation Services. Transportation services are those services or activities that provide, arrange or pay for the travel of individuals in order to access treatment, medical care, services, or employment. Component services or activities may include special travel arrangements such as special modes of transportation and personnel to accompany or assist individuals or families to utilize transportation.

Endnotes

ⁱ Morse, G.A., et al. (1996). Outreach to homeless mentally ill people: Conceptual and clinical considerations. Community Mental Health Journal 32(3): 261-274. Witheridge, T.F. (1991). The active ingredients of assertive outreach. New Directions for Mental Health Services 52: 47-64.

ⁱⁱ Oakley, D. and Dennis, D. (1996). Orwin, R.G., Mogren, R.G., Jacobs, M.L., Sonnefeld, L.J. (1999) Retention of homeless clients in substance abuse treatment: Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Cooperative Agreement Program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 17(1-2): 45-66. Sosin, M.R., Bruni, M., Reidy, M. (1995) Paths and impacts in the Progressive Independence Model: A homelessness and substance abuse intervention in Chicago. Journal of Addictive Diseases 14(4): 1-20. Cox, G.B., Walker, D., Freng, S.A., Short, B.A., Meijer, L, Gilchrist, L. (1998) Outcome of a controlled trial of the effectiveness of intensive case management for chronic public inebriates. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59(5): 523-532. Stahler, G.J., Stimmel, B. (eds.) (1996) The Effectiveness of Social Interventions for Homeless Substance Abusers. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc. Tommasello, A.C., Myers, C.P., Gillis, L., Treherne, L.L., Plumhoff, M. (1999) Effectiveness of outreach to homeless substance abusers. Evaluation and Program Planning 22(3): 295-303.

ⁱⁱⁱ Carey, K.B. (1996). Treatment of co-occurring substance abuse and major mental illness. New Directions for Mental Health Services 70:19-31. Drake, R.E., et al. (1998). Review of integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment for patients with dual disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin 24(4): 589-608.

^iv Morse, G. (1999). A review of case management for people who are homeless: Implications for practice, policy, and research. In Fosburg, L.B., Dennis, D.L. (eds.) Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Delmar, NY: National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness. Ziguras, S.J., Stuart, G.W. (2000). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of mental health case management over 20 years. Psychiatric Services 51(11): 1410-1421.

^v Rosen, J., et al. (2001)

^vi Shinn, M., Baumohl, J. (1999) Rethinking the prevention of homelessness. In Fosburg, L.B., Dennis, D.L. (eds.), Practical Lessons. Washington, DC: HHS & HUD. Interagency Council on the Homeless (1999) Exemplary Practices in Discharge Planning. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless. Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., et al. (1997) Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men. American Journal of Public Health 87(2): 256-262.

^vii Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. (1992)

Appendix D

Citations for Research/Evaluation Findings on Effective Treatments
and Services for People Who Experience Chronic Homelessness ⁽¹⁾

Core Services

• Outreach and Engagement

  Bybee, D., Mowbray, C.T., Cohen, E.H. (1995). Evaluation of a homeless mentally ill outreach program: Differential short-term effects. Evaluation and Program Planning 18(1): 13-24.

  Lam, J.A., Rosenheck, R. (1999). Street outreach for homeless persons with serious mental illness: Is it effective? Medical Care 37(9): 894-907.

  Morse, G.A., et al. (1996). Outreach to homeless mentally ill people: Conceptual and clinical considerations. Community Mental Health Journal 32(3): 261-274.

  Tsemberis, S., Elfenbein, C. (1999). A perspective on voluntary and involuntary outreach services for the homeless mentally ill. New Directions for Mental Health Services 82: 9-19.

  Witheridge, T.F. (1991). The active ingredients of assertive outreach. New Directions for Mental Health Services 52: 47-64.

• Primary Health Care

  McMurray-Avila, M. (2001) Organizing Health Services for Homeless People: A Practical Guide. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc.

  McMurray-Avila, M., Gelberg, L., and Breakey, W.R., (1999) Balancing act: Clinical practices that respond to the needs of homeless people. In Fosburg, L., and Dennis, D. (eds.). Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Washington, DC: HUD and HHS.

  Song, J.Y. (1999) HIV/AIDS and Homelessness: Recommendations for Clinical Practice and Public Policy. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, HCH Clinicians' Network.

• Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services

  Cox, G.B., Walker, D., Freng, S.A., Short, B.A., Meijer, L, Gilchrist, L. (1998) Outcome of a controlled trial of the effectiveness of intensive case management for chronic public inebriates. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59(5): 523-532.

  Oakley, D.A., Dennis, D.L. (1996) Responding to the needs of homeless people with alcohol, drug, and/or mental disorders. In Baumohl, J. (ed.), Homelessness In America. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 179-186.

  Orwin, R.G., Mogren, R.G., Jacobs, M.L., Sonnefeld, L.J. (1999) Retention of homeless clients in substance abuse treatment: Findings from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Cooperative Agreement Program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 17(1-2): 45-66.

  Sosin, M.R., Bruni, M., Reidy, M. (1995) Paths and impacts in the Progressive Independence Model: A homelessness and substance abuse intervention in Chicago. Journal of Addictive Diseases 14(4): 1-20.

  Stahler, G.J., Stimmel, B. (eds.) (1996) The Effectiveness of Social Interventions for Homeless Substance Abusers. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc.

  Tommasello, A.C., Myers, C.P., Gillis, L., Treherne, L.L., Plumhoff, M. (1999) Effectiveness of outreach to homeless substance abusers. Evaluation and Program Planning 22(3): 295-303.

  Zerger, S. (2002) Substance Abuse Treatment: What Works for Homeless People?: A Review of the Literature. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council.

• Mental Health and Counseling Services

  Breakey, W.R. (1992) Mental health services for homeless people. In Robertson, M.J., and Greenblatt, M. (eds.) Homelessness: A National Perspective. New York, NY: Plenum Press.

  Carey, K.B. (1996) Treatment of co-occurring substance abuse and major mental illness. New Directions for Mental Health Services 70:19-31.

  Drake, R.E., et al. (1998) Review of integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment for patients with dual disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin 24(4): 589-608.

  Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. (1992) Outcasts on Main Street. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless.

  Susser, E., Goldfinger, S., White, A. (1990) Some clinical approaches to the homeless mentally ill. Community Mental Health Journal 26(5): 463-480.

• Inpatient Services

  Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. (1992) Outcasts on Main Street. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless.

  McMurray-Avila, M. (2001) Organizing Health Services for Homeless People: A Practical Guide. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc.

  McMurray-Avila, M., Gelberg, L., and Breakey, W.R., (1999) Balancing act: Clinical practices that respond to the needs of homeless people. In Fosburg, L., and Dennis, D. (eds.). Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Washington, DC: HUD and HHS.

• Supportive Case Management

  Morse, G. (1999). A review of case management for people who are homeless: Implications for practice, policy, and research. In Fosburg, L.B., Dennis, D.L. (eds.) Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Delmar, NY: National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness.

  Rog, D.J., Holupka, C.S., McCombs-Thirnton, K.L., Brito, M.C., Hambrick, R. (1996) Case management in practice: Lessons from the evaluation of the RWJ/HUD Homeless Families Program. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community 15(2): 67-82.

• Clinical/Intensive/ACT Model Case Management

  Lehman, A.F., et al. (1997). A randomized trial of Assertive Community Treatment for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 54: 1038-1043.

  Meisler, N., Blankertz, L., Santos, A.B., McKay, C. (1997). Impact of Assertive Community Treatment on homeless persons with co-occurring severe psychiatric and substance use disorders. Community Mental Health Journal 33(2): 113-122.

  Morse, G. (1999). A review of case management for people who are homeless: Implications for practice, policy, and research. In Fosburg, L.B., Dennis, D.L. (eds.) Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Delmar, NY: National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness.

  Rosenheck, R., Dennis, D. (2001). Assertive Community Treatment for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 58(11): 1073-1080.

  Ziguras, S.J., Stuart, G.W. (2000). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of mental health case management over 20 years. Psychiatric Services 51(11): 1410-1421.

• Information and Referral

  Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. (1992) Outcasts on Main Street. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless.

  McMurray-Avila, M. (2001) Organizing Health Services for Homeless People: A Practical Guide. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc.

  Morse, G. (1999). A review of case management for people who are homeless: Implications for practice, policy, and research. In Fosburg, L.B., Dennis, D.L. (eds.) Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Delmar, NY: National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness.

• Coordinated Treatment/Services

  Beyond Shelter. (1998). The "Housing First" Program for Homeless Families: Methodology Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Beyond Shelter, Inc.

  Culhane, DP, Metraux, S, Hadley, T., (2001) The New York/New York Agreement Cost Study: The Impact of Supportive Housing on Services Use for Homeless Mentally Ill Individuals. New York: Corporation for Supportive Housing.

  Davis, G., Johnson, G., Mayberg, S. (2002). Effectiveness of Integrated Services for Homeless Adults with Serious Mental Illness. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Mental Health.

  Dennis, D.L., Steadman, H.J., Cocozza, J.J. (2000). The impact of federal systems integration initiatives on services for mentally ill homeless persons. Mental Health Services Research 2(3): 164-174.

  Lipton, F.R., Siegel, C., Hanningan, A., Samuels, J., and Baker, S., (2000) Tenure in supportive housing for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services 51(4): 479-486.

  Proscio, T. (2000). Supportive Housing and Its Impact on the Public Health Crisis of Homelessness. New York, NY: Corporation for Supportive Housing

  Rosenheck, R., et al. (1998). Service system integration, access to services, and housing outcomes in a program for homeless persons with severe mental illness. American Journal of Public Health 88(11): 1610-1615.

  Tsemberis, S., and Eisenberg, R.F. (2000) Pathways to housing: Supported housing for street-dwelling homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services 51(4): 487-493.

• Income Support/Cash Assistance

  Rosen, J., Hoey, R. and Steed, T. (2001) Food stamps and SSI benefits: Removing access barriers for homeless people. Clearinghouse Review 34: 679-696.

  Rosenheck, R., Frisman, L., Kasprow, W. (1999) Improving access to disability benefits among homeless persons with mental illness: An agency-specific approach to services integration. American Journal of Public Health 89(4): 524-528.

• Residential Treatment Services

  Goldfinger, S.M. (1990) Homelessness and schizophrenia: A psychosocial approach. In Herz, M.I., Keith, S.J., and Docherty, J.P. (eds.) Handbook of Schizophrenia, Psychosocial Treatment of Schizophrenia 4. Elsevier Science Publishers.

  McMurray-Avila, M. (2001) Organizing Health Services for Homeless People: A Practical Guide. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc.

  Stecher, B.M., Andrews, C.A. , et al. (1994) Implementation of residential and nonresidential treatment for the dually diagnosed homeless. Evaluation Review 18(6): 689-717.

• Discharge Planning

  Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance. (2000). Moving Beyond Serving the Homeless to Preventing Homelessness. Boston, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance.

  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1997). Exemplary Practices in Discharge Planning. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  Massachusetts Housing and Shelter Alliance. (2002). Essential Tools for Discharge Planning. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council.

  Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Felix, A., Tsai, W., Wyatt, R.J. (1997) Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: A "critical time" intervention after discharge from a shelter. American Journal of Public Health 87(2): 256-262.

Supportive Services

• Life Skills Services

  Shern, D.L., Tsemberis, S., Anthony, W., Lovell, A.M., Richmond, L., Felton, C.J., Winarski, J., Cohen, M. (2000) Serving street-dwelling individuals with psychiatric disabilities: outcomes of a psychiatric rehabilitation clinical trial. American Journal of Public Health 90(12): 1873-1878.

• Child Care

  DiBlasio, F.A., Belcher, J.R. (1992) Keeping homeless families together: Examining their needs. Children and Youth Services Review 14: 427-438.

  Murrell, N.L., Scherzer, T., Ryan, M., Frappier, N., Abrams, A., Roberts, C. (2000) The AfterCare Project: An intervention for homeless childbearing families. Family and Community Health 23(3): 17-27.

• Education, Training and Employment Services

  Bennett, G., Shane, P., Tutunjian, B., Perl, H.I. (1992) Job Training and Employment Services for Homeless Persons with Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  Cook, J., Pickett-Schenk, S., Grey, D., Banghart, M., Rosenheck, R.A., Randolph, F. (2001) Vocational outcomes among formerly homeless persons with severe mental illness in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services 52(8): 1075-1080.

  Shaheen, G., Mikloucich, F., Dennis, D. (eds). (2001) Work as a Priority: A Resource for Employing People Who Have a Serious Mental Illness and Who Are Homeless. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services.

  Trutko, J.W., Barnow, B.S., Kessler-Beck, S., et al. (1997) Employment and Training for America's Homeless: Final Report of The Job Training for the Homeless Demonstration Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.

  U.S. Department of Labor. (1997) Employment and Training for America's Homeless: Best Practices Guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.

• Legal Services

  Blasi, G.L. (1992) The role of legal aid organizations in helping homeless people. In Jahiel, R.I. (ed.), Homelessness: A Prevention-Oriented Approach. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

  Moxley, D.P., Freddolino, P.P. (1991) Needs of homeless people coping with psychiatric problems: Findings from an innovative advocacy project. Health and Social Work 16(1): 19-26.

• Transportation Services

  Acosta, O., Toro, P.A. (2000) Let's ask homeless people themselves: A needs assessment based on a probability sample of adults. American Journal of Community Psychology 28(3): 343-366.

Endnotes

1.  Compiled for SAMHSA and HRSA by Policy Research Associates, Inc., Delmar, NY, July 2002

Where to?

Top of Page

Main Page of Report | Contents of Report

Home Pages:
Human Services Policy (HSP)
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)