Data on Health and Well-being of American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Other Native Americans

DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS (e.g., age distribution, marital status, household composition)

HEALTH POLICY ISSUES

1. Measurement of health status (e.g., self-reported health, disability rates, mortality/morbidity rates, trends over time)
2. Disease-specific measurements (e.g., % with diabetes, TB, STDs, cancer)
3. Key health disparities of priority interest (e.g., prenatal care/birth outcomes, cancer mortality, substance abuse, alcohol use, mental health, suicide)
4. Factors contributing to measured health disparities (e.g., access to health care, utilization rates, insurance coverage, health care financing, socioeconomic factors, preventative measures (such as immunization rates))
5. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that address causes of health disparities, result in positive health outcomes, and are generalizable/replicable
6. Role of traditional medicine in AI/AN/NA communities

WELL-BEING ISSUES

Economic Well-being

1. Income status (e.g., household income/poverty status, per capita income)
2. Unemployment rates
3. Economic assistance program participation rates (e.g., Temporary Assistance for Needy Families/Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Food Stamps)
4. Economic opportunity (e.g., number of businesses/jobs, work history)
5. Measurement of economic/employment disparities between AI/AN/NA and general population
6. Factors contributing to economic disparities (e.g., lack of child care arrangement, transportation barriers)
7. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that reduce economic disparities and are generalizable/replicable

Education Levels and Opportunities

1. Educational attainment (e.g., last grade completed, literacy/numeracy skills)
2. Educational opportunities (e.g., Head Start, special education programs, school financing)
3. Factors contributing to educational disparities (e.g., parents' education level, average education in city/county, education spending per capita, and other socioeconomic factors)
4. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that produce positive educational outcomes and are generalizable/replicable

Family Well-being

1. Measures of well-being for families/households (e.g., families with low income levels, homeless families, teen pregnancy/birthrates, household size and composition)
2. Factors contributing to well-being disparities of families (e.g., socioeconomic factors, education levels of family adults, housing quality, public transportation availability)
3. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that improve family well-being and are generalizable/replicable

Child Well-being

1. Measures of well-being for children (e.g., children in foster care, incarcerated children)
2. Factors contributing to well-being disparities of children (household composition, martial status of parents, foster care placement)
3. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that improve child well-being and are generalizable/replicable

Elder Well-being

1. Measures of well-being for elders (e.g., elders with low income levels, homeless elders, elder abuse)
2. Factors contributing to well-being disparities of elders (e.g., socioeconomic factors, living arrangements, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL), family members in proximity, services available/used (such as Meals on Wheels/elder transportation)
3. Identification of evidence-based practices and programs that improve elder well-being and are generalizable/replicable

Housing Issues

1. Housing quality (e.g., rooms per person, running water, electricity, heat, age of building)
2. Type of housing
3. Housing ownership
4. Rental unit quality and cost
5. Homelessness

Transportation Quality and Availability Issues

Justice System Issues

1. Rates of involvement with justice system (e.g., arrest, conviction, probation, parole rates)
2. Differences in resolution of arrest, by type of court system (e.g., federal, tribal, state, local)
3. Lifetime probability of being a victim of a violent crime
4. Lifetime probability of being a victim of a non-violent crime
5. Domestic violence rates
6. Child maltreatment rates
7. Factors contributing to disparities in involvement with justice system and outcomes (e.g., family stability/foster care placement, family members' history of legal system involvement, race/ethnicity, truancy history)
8. Identification of evidence-based practices or programs that reduce involvement with justice system or reduce recidivism and are generalizable/replicable

Military Service/Veterans' Issues

1. Military service rates (e.g., % served in military, % retired from military with benefits)
2. Eligibility and use of Veterans Administration health facilities
3. Eligibility and use of other Veterans Administration benefits (e.g. housing loans, educational benefits)

1. Indian Housing
2. Public Housing
3. Section 8 housing (including Section 8 Certificates and Vouchers, Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation, and Section 8 New Construction or Substantial Rehabilitation)
4. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) (including Section 236 projects and other FHA projects with subsidy such as Section 8 Loan Management, Rental Assistance Program (RAP), Rent Supplement, Property Disposition, etc.)
5. Low Income Housing Tax Credit

The data file and reports cover about four and a half million HUD-subsidized housing units, and a third of a million housing units assisted by Low Income Housing Tax Credits, for a total of nearly five million subsidized housing units.

More detailed information can be accessed by contacting:
Robert W. Gray
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
451 7th Street S.W., Washington, DC 20410
Robert_W._Gray@hud.gov

The 1998 data and documentation are available for download from the following website:В  http://www.huduser.org/datasets/assthsg/statedata98/.

For each year since 1995, there are two AFCARS files, one containing adoption data and the other containing foster care data. These annual files are constructed from the states semi-annual data submissions. The adoption file contains 45 data elements concerning the adopted childs gender, race, birth date, ethnicity and prior relationship with the adoptive parents. The date the adoption was finalized, dates parental rights were terminated, characteristics of birth and adoptive parents, and whether the child was placed from within the United States or from another country are also captured. The foster care file contains 89 elements providing information on child demographics including gender, birth date, race, and ethnicity. Information about the number of previous stays in foster care, service goals, availability for adoption, dates of removal and discharge, funding sources, and the biological and foster parents is also included in the foster care files.

Definitions of racial categories include:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) is defined as a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America or South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI) is defined as a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
• Asian A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East,
• Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia,
• China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
• Black or African American A person having origins in any of the black racial
• groups of Africa.
• White A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the
• Middle East, or North Africa.

TOTAL: 523,000
AI/AN non-Hispanic: 10,260
NH/PI non-Hispanic: 1,540

For FY 2003, number of children waiting to be adopted:

TOTAL: 119,000
AI/AN non-Hispanic: 2,190
NH/PI non-Hispanic: 340

For FY 2003, number of children who were adopted:

TOTAL: 50,000
AI/AN non-Hispanic: 700
NH/PI non-Hispanic: 130

Data collection has been ongoing since 1995, although use of the data prior to 1998 is discouraged. The period from 1995 to 1997 was a start-up phase for AFCARS. Many states were still developing their information systems and were unable to submit data. Other states were able to submit data, but the quality was either missing or poor on many of the data elements. Therefore, pre-1998 data sets are not as complete or reliable as the data for subsequent years. Since 1998, participation by the states has been universal and the data quality has improved dramatically. The most recent data available are for FY2004.

Tribal agencies who place children for adoption voluntarily report data to AFCARS. Since these adoptions do not involve a state agency, these records are not included in the publicly available version of the data.

A 2003 report issued by the Department of Health and Human Services and entitled Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS): Challenges and Limitations reports there is some inconsistency in the definition of data elements, most notably problems with placement and date-of-discharge definitions.

Each year, a subsample of the ACS is selected to construct the Public Use Microdata (PUMS). This data set is available online for all researchers. Use of the full sample of the ACS is restricted and access is difficult to obtain. However, the full sample data are used to create the published population estimates from the ACS. Both the PUMS data and the restricted-access full ACS sample are discussed in this profile.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native Print name of enrolled or principal tribe (AI/AN)
• Asian Indian
• Chinese
• Filipino
• Japanese
• Korean
• Vietnamese
• Other Asian Print race
• Native Hawaiian (NH)
• Guamanian or Chamorro
• Samoan
• Other Pacific Islander Print race below (OPI)
• Some other race Print race below

Additionally, the questionnaire contains several questions that either require or permit respondents to write-in their responses. The write-in fields cover the following topics: race, Hispanic origin, place of birth, ancestry, migration, language, place of work, industry and occupation. These write-in responses are then coded. Using these coded responses, further race classification of the data is possible, such as separating American Indian from Alaska Native.

At the time of this publication, the data from the 2005 full implementation of the ACS are not yet available. The PUMS data will contain about 40 percent of the full ACS sample and represent 1 percent of the population. Based on information from the pilot testing, the PUMS data should contain an adequate number of AI/AN/NA individuals to support analysis targeting this population.

The Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander race category is broken out into the following subcategories and total population estimates are reported separately: Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, Other Pacific Islander. Again, this level of detail is only available in the restricted use ACS data. The PUMS data only reports the combined category Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander.

Data from the 2004 ACS are available for over 800 geographic areas, including 244 counties, 203 Congressional districts, most metropolitan areas of 250,000 population or more, all 50 states, and the District of Columbia. From the mid-1990s to 2004, the ACS survey was administered to selected sites. The ACS data collection effort was fully implemented in 2005. The Census Bureau plans to begin releasing the 2005 survey estimates in the summer of 2006, but only for areas with populations of 65,000 or more. For areas with populations of 20,000 or more, data release is planned for the summer of 2008, with estimates for all areasdown to census tract/block group levelby the summer of 2010.

• White alone = 2.5
• Black or African American alone = 3.1
• AI/AN alone, Asian alone, NH/PI alone, some other race alone = 3.0

The AI/AN/NA population is oversampled in the ACS, thereby improving the reliability of estimates for this population by reducing the variance. Coverage rates for the 2004 ACS for AI/AN are reported as 100 percent and as 90 percent for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders.

It may be possible for researchers to access the full ACS survey data set, but obtaining permission for this is difficult. Interested researchers can send an application to the Center of Economic Studies. If approved, researchers will need to work with the data at a Census Bureau data site, or at research centers located in various cities.

Additional information can be found online at: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/index.html

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Some Other Race (this category is not read or displayed to the respondent)

AI/AN Only: 300
NH/PI Only: 139
White/AI/AN: 291
White/NH/PI: 11
Black/AI/AN: 49
Black/NH/PI: 2
AI/AN/Asian: 3
Asian/NH/PI: 10
White/Black/AI/AN: 27
White/Asian/NH/PI: 5
White/AI/AN/Asian: 1

Tables, reports and the actual data can be downloaded from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/nationaldata.html.

A household consists of all people who occupy a particular housing unit as their usual residence, or who live there at the time of the interview and have no usual residence elsewhere. The usual residence is the place where the person lives and sleeps most of the time. This place is not necessarily the same as a legal residence, voting residence, or domicile. Households include not only occupants related to the householder but also any lodgers, roomers, boarders, partners, wards, foster children, and resident employees who share the living quarters of the householder. It includes people temporarily away for reasons such as visiting, traveling in connection with their jobs, attending school, in general hospitals, and in other temporary locations. By definition, the count of households is the same as the count of occupied housing units.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Some Other Race (this category is not read or displayed to the respondent)

• The 2004 AHS Metro Survey covered 13 metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Cleveland, Denver, Hartford, Indianapolis, Memphis, New Orleans, Oklahoma, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Sacramento, San Antonio, Seattle-Everett.
• The 2002 AHS Metro Survey covered 13 metropolitan areas: Anaheim-Santa Ana, Buffalo, Charlotte, Columbus, Dallas, Fort Worth-Arlington, Kansas City, Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Milwaukee, Phoenix, Portland, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, San Diego.
• The 1998 AHS Metro Survey covered 15 metropolitan areas: Baltimore, Birmingham, Boston, Cincinnati, Houston, Minneapolis, Norfolk/Newport News, Oakland, Providence, Rochester, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, San Jose, Tampa, Washington, DC.

The unit/group quarters frame was then split into the unit frame and the group quarters frame by removing all group quarters and placing them in a separate frame. All housing units that were built after the 1990 census in areas where construction of new homes was monitored by building permits were placed into a separate frame, called the permit frame.

Sampling operations for all frames were performed separately within a designated group of counties in each state. Prior to the AHS Metro Survey sample selection, records selected by other Census Bureau surveys were removed from each of the frames to avoid having the same housing unit in sample for more than one survey. The Census Bureau selected the AHS Metro Survey sample from the remaining records.

Older AHS Metro Survey data sets can be requested via HUDUSER (see http://www.huduser.org/datasets/ahs/ahsprev.html for list of specific datasets available).

Tables, reports and the actual data for 1998, 2002, and 2004 can be downloaded from: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/nationaldata.html.

• White, not of Hispanic origin
• Black or African American, not of Hispanic origin
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Hispanic or Latino
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Other categories in your information system (Specify)

Data archive information:
National Archive of Criminal Justice Data
ICPSR
University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
(800) 999-0960
(313) 763-5011
nacjd@icpsr.umich.edu
http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/NACJD-SERIES/00007.xml

Questions for the Bureau of Justice Statistics should be addressed to:
James Stephan
Statistician
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
USA
(202) 616-3289
James.Stephan@usdoj.gov or
askbjs@usdoj.gov

• White
• Black/African American
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Other

If more than one response is given, the following question is asked for clarification: Which of these groups best represent your race?

• White
• Black/African American
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Other

In 2005, all 53 states and territories used computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). The core portion of the questionnaire lasts an average of 10 minutes. Interview time for modules and state-added questions is dependent upon the number of questions asked, but generally extend the interview period by an additional 5 to 10 minutes.

Data can be accessed at http://www.cdc.gov/brfss.

There are two data sets available to researchers. The core database consists of responses to the CAHPS Health Plan Survey. Participating sponsors submit these data at the individual respondent level in accordance with specifications provided by the CAHPS Database. All health plan identifiers are removed from the public use database. Respondent records contain a unique health plan ID so responses from each health plan can be grouped together, but health plans can not be identified. The data also do not include respondent names, addresses, telephone numbers, and member ID numbers. Certain survey administration data (e.g., mode of administration, survey language) and descriptive information (e.g., state) may also be included in this data set. The second database is the Survey Administration and Health Plan Characteristics Data. This data set includes information regarding survey administration, such as mode of administration, response rates, and dates of survey completion, as well as descriptive information relating to each of the sampled units (e.g., health plan products), such as type of organization, size of enrollment, tax status and ownership, and location.

What is your race? Please mark one or more.

• White
• Black or African-American
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Other

Adult Commercial Plans:
2005: Out of 123,272 records, 1,745 are AI/AN and 1,006 are NH/PI
2004: Out of 111,680 records, 1,745 are AI/AN and 942 are NH/PI
2003: Out of 114,063 records, 1,390 are AI/AN and 888 are NH/PI
2002: Out of 94,546 records, 1,286 are AI/AN and 744 are NH/PI
2001: Out of 165,500 records, 2,732 are AI/AN and 1,294 are NH/PI

Child Commercial Plans:
2005: Out of 2,661 records, 28 are AI/AN and 9 are NH/PI
2004: Out of 7,024 records, 77 are AI/AN and 29 are NH/PI
2003: Out of 1,866 records, 30 are AI/AN and 2 are NH/PI
2002: Out of 5,600 records, 106 are AI/AN and 22 are NH/PI
2001: Out of 9,913 records, 153 are AI/AN and 118 are NH/PI

Adult Medicaid Plans:
2005: Out of 32,115 records, 1,011 are AI/AN and 194 are NH/PI
2004: Out of 59,515 records, 1,982 are AI/AN and 1,188 are NH/PI
2003: Out of 39,275 records, 1,143 are AI/AN and 211 are NH/PI
2002: Out of 48,109 records, 1,942 are AI/AN and 1,681 are NH/PI
2001: Out of 45,127 records, 1,596 are AI/AN and 1,875 are NH/PI

Child Medicaid Plans:
2005: Out of 40,204 records, 1,184 are AI/AN and 1,354 are NH/PI
2004: Out of 86,159 records, 2,291 are AI/AN and 806 are NH/PI
2003: Out of 31,082 records, 1,153 are AI/AN and 1,079 are NH/PI
2002: Out of 60,534 records, 2,018 are AI/AN and 472 are NH/PI
2001: Out of 36,940 records, 1,322 are AI/AN and 268 are NH/PI

State Childrens Health Insurance Program (SCHIP):
2005: Out of 1,252 records, 5 are AI/AN and 4 are NH/PI
2004: Out of 16,657 records, 359 are AI/AN and 143 are NH/PI
2003: Out of 19,061 records, 402 are AI/AN and 132 are NH/PI
2002: Out of 18,910 records, 349 are AI/AN and 203 are NH/PI
(SCHIP data were not collected in 2001.)

Beginning in 2006, the CAHPS Database will be expanded to include CAHPS Hospital Survey data, and will eventually be further expanded to include CAHPS Clinician and Group Survey Data. These survey data will all include unique respondent identifiers as well.

Additionally, the CAHPS Program provides the following guidelines for sponsors concerning data collection: A mixed-mode data collection protocol involving both mail and telephone is more likely to achieve a desired response rate than will either mode alone. Research conducted by the CAHPS grantees shows that differences in the types of responses collected by these different modes are minimal (these differences are called mode effects), so telephone and mail can be used together with confidence.

Send proposals for data access and signed Data Use Agreements to:
CAHPS Project Staff
Westat
1650 Research Boulevard
RA1159
Rockville, MD 20850
Fax: (301) 251-1500

The CAHPS Database website is located at:  https://www.cahps.ahrq.gov/content/ncbd/ncbd_Intro.asp?p=105&s=5

1. Would you describe yourself as Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, Black, African American, or White? (Interviewers are instructed to code all that apply.)
   • White
   • Black or African American
   • Asian
   • American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
   • Other Pacific Islander (OPI)
   • Native Hawaiian (NH)
   • Other (Specify)
2. You said, American Indian or Alaska Native, and what is your tribal heritage? If you have more than one tribe, tell me all of them.
3. Are you an enrolled member in a federally or state recognized tribe?
4. Which tribe are you enrolled in?
5. You said you are Pacific Islander. What specific ethnic group are you, such as Samoan, Tongan, or Guamanian? If you are more than one, tell me all of them.

Adults
Total number of records: 42,044
AI/AN, Hispanic: 740
AI/AN, Non-Hispanic: 1,157
NH/PI, Hispanic: 61
NH/PI, Non-Hispanic: 199

Adolescents (ages 12-17)
Total number of records: 4,010
AI/AN, Hispanic: 212
AI/AN, Non-Hispanic: 153
NH/PI, Hispanic: 27
NH/PI, Non-Hispanic: 39

Children (ages 0-11)
Total number of records: 8,156
AI/AN, Hispanic: 195
AI/AN, Non-Hispanic: 175
NH/PI, Hispanic: 34
NH/PI, Non-Hispanic: 57

Additional subpopulation categories include Native Hawaiian alone, Pacific Islander alone, and a breakdown by Pacific Island (i.e., Samoan/American, Samoan, Guamanian, Tongan, Fijian, Polynesian, and Other Pacific Islander). Sample size for some Tribes or Islands may be too small for analysis.

California Health Interview Survey
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research
10960 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1550
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Toll free: (866) 275-2447
E-mail: chis@ucla.edu

• Tabular data in the form of summary files,
• Raw data in the form of Public Use Microdata Sample files (PUMS files), and
• Census briefs and special reports.

Tabular data: Summary files

The U.S. Census Bureau has released a series of summary files that present Census 2000 data in tabular form. The primary summary files are:

1. Summary File 1: This file contains 286 detailed tables focusing on age, sex, households, families, and housing units. These tables provide in-depth figures by race and Hispanic origin. Counts are also provided for over 40 American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and for groups within race categories. The race categories also include 12 Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander groups.
2. Summary File 2: This file contains 47 detailed tables focusing on age, sex, households, families, and occupied housing units for the total population. These tables are repeated for 249 detailed population groups, including American Indian, Alaskan Native, 9 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander groups, and 40 American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. For each of these groups, data are provided for that group alone and in combination with one or more other races.
3. Summary File 3: This file consists of 813 detailed tables of Census 2000 social, economic and housing characteristics compiled from a sample of approximately 19 million housing units (about 1 in 6 households) that received the Census 2000 long-form questionnaire. Fifty-one tables are repeated for 9 major race categories including American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander.
4. Summary File 4: This file consists of 213 population tables and 110 housing tables. Each table is repeated for 336 population groups: the total population, 132 race groups, 78 American Indian and Alaska Native tribe categories (reflecting 39 individual tribes), and 9 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander groups.
5. The American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF): These sample data are presented in 213 population tables and 110 housing tables. The tables are repeated for the total population, the total American Indian and Alaska Native population, the total American Indian population, the total Alaska Native population, and for 1,081 additional self-reported American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages without consideration of any designation of federal or state recognition. (Please note that the AIANSF is profiled separately in this data catalog.)

Raw data: 1 percent and 5 percent PUMS files

The PUMS files contain records of households, people, or housing units with identifying information removed and other precautions taken to prevent the violation of confidentiality. PUMS files often show data only for identified geographic areas (such as states) that meet a certain population threshold. The 1 percent PUMS files have state-level Census 2000 data containing individual records of the characteristics for a 1 percent sample of people and housing units. The 5 percent PUMS files contain similar information for a 5 percent sample of people and housing units.

Census briefs and special reports

The Census 2000 Brief series focus on discussing key topics covered by the Census and exploring the geographic distribution of the topics. The Census 2000 Special Report series provides an in-depth analysis of Census 2000 population and housing topics.

Examples of census briefs and special reports of particular interest include:

• The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000 (C2KBR/01-15)
• American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States (PHC-T-18)
• We the People: American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States (CENSR-28)
• The Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Population: 2000 (C2KBR/01-14)

Please note that the tribal affiliation data reflect the written entries by respondents, who identified themselves as AI/AN, and provided an entry for their enrolled or principal tribe or village. Some of the responses (for example, Colorado River and Village of Alakanuk) represent reservations or native villages. The information on tribe or village is based on self-identification without consideration of any designation of federal or state recognition.

Total population: 281,421,906
American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,475,956
Native Hawaiian: 140,652
Guamanian or Chamorro: 58,240
Samoan: 91,029
Other Pacific Islander: 108,914

• Region (e.g., Midwest, Northeast, South, West)
• Division (e.g., East North Central, East South Central, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, New England)
• State
• County (county subdivision, census tract)
• Place (cities, towns, municipalities)
• Consolidated cities
• American Indian Area/Alaska Native Area/Hawaiian Homeland (including reservations or statistical entities, off-reservation trust lands, Hawaiian homelands, tribal census tracts, tribal subdivisions and remainders)
• Alaska Native Regional Corporation (e.g., Ahtna Alaska Native Regional Corporation, Aleut Alaska Native Regional Corporation, Arctic Slope Alaska Native Regional Corporation)
• Metropolitan Statistical Area, Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area
• New England County Metropolitan Area
• Urban areas

Geographic areas covered by the Census 2000 PUMS data include:

• Region (e.g., Midwest, Northeast, South, West)
• Division (e.g., East North Central, East South Central, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, New England)
• State
• Public Use Microdata Area Code (PUMA)
• Super Public Use Microdata Area Code (SuperPUMA)
• Metropolitan Area (MA): MSA/CMSA for PUMA and SuperPUMA

Sampling Methodology:

The Census 2000 summary files as well as supporting documentation are available at the U.S. 2000 Census website: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=DEC&_submenuId=datasets_1&_lang=en.

The American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) is based on Census 2000 data. Data from Census 2000 on the American Indian and Alaska Native population (AI/AN) are derived from a limited number of basic questions asked of the entire American Indian and Alaska Native population and every corresponding housing unit (referred to as the 100-percent questions found on the short form), and from additional questions asked of a sample of the population and housing units (referred to as the sample questions, found on the long form). The AIANSF provides sample data based on both the 100-percent and the sample questions.

Data in the AIANSF include, for example, age, Hispanic or Latino origin, household relationship, sex, educational attainment, veteran status, income and poverty status, housing tenure (owner-or renter-occupied), physical housing characteristics, and mortgage and rental cost characteristics. These data are available for the total AI/AN population, the total American Indian population, the total Alaska Native population, and for 1,081 self-reported AI/AN tribes or villages without consideration of any designation of federal or state recognition.

The listing of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages is derived from the American Indian Tribal Detailed Classification List for the 1990 census, which was expanded to include individual Alaska Native villages, when provided as a written response to the question on race. The list was updated based on a December 1997 Federal Register Notice, entitled Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible to Receive Service From the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, issued by the Office of Management and Budget. The list of 1,081 tribes or villages for which summary tables are available can be found in the technical report for the AIANSF sample file available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/aiansf.pdf.

• Region (e.g., Midwest, Northeast, South, West);
• Division (e.g., East North Central, East South Central, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, New England);
• State;
• American Indian Area/Alaska Native Area/Hawaiian Homeland (e.g., Acoma Pueblo and Off-Reservation Trust Land, and Agua Caliente Reservation);
• Alaska Native Regional Corporation (e.g., Ahtna Alaska Native Regional Corporation, Aleut Alaska Native Regional Corporation);
• Metropolitan Statistical Area/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area;
• Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area; and
• New England County Metropolitan Area.

The AIANSF data as well as supporting documentation are available at the U.S. 2000 Census website: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=DEC&_submenuId=datasets_1&_lang=en.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native - specify tribe (AI/AN)
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Asian

Note: These unweighted counts were calculated by taking the values reported in Operators by Race, Special Reports Part 1, 2002 Census of Agriculture and dividing them by the approximate weights for nonresponse adjustment and coverage adjustment (0.34 for AI/AN and 0.285 for NH/PI).

Although self-reported tribal affiliation is collected on the Census of Agriculture, the data set is not available to the public and it is not clear whether analyses employing that information could be made available via a Special Tabulations request to the National Agricultural Statistics Service.

It is important to note that the methodology used to account for AI/AN/NA farm operators in this pilot project differs from that used in the overall Census of Agriculture. The pilot project emphasized individual-level reports while the overall Census uses both individual-level reports as well as aggregated information obtained from reservation-level reports.

Special Tabulations are publishable, resummarized data tables from the Census of Agriculture or NASS surveys. Requests for Special Tabulations are considered when the requested data are not published elsewhere. Depending on the complexity of the request, specialized analyses may be done for no or minimal cost. More complex requests are chargeable and the minimum charge is $500 for a Special Tabulation.

• White, not of Hispanic origin
• Black or African American, not of Hispanic origin
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Hispanic or Latino
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Other

On June 30, 1999, how many staff employed by your jail facility were:

• White, not of Hispanic origin
• Black or African American, not of Hispanic origin
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Hispanic or Latino
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Other

Of all CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS reported in item 23b [staff count item], how many were:

• White, not of Hispanic origin
• Black or African American, not of Hispanic origin
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Hispanic or Latino
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Other

Data archive information:
National Archive of Criminal Justice Data
ICPSR
University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
(800) 999-0960
(313) 763-5011
nacjd@icpsr.umich.edu
http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/NACJD-SERIES/00068.xml

Questions for the Bureau of Justice Statistics should be addressed to:
James Stephan
Statistician
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
USA
(202) 616-3289
James.Stephan@usdoj.gov
askbjs@usdoj.gov

Questions for the Bureau of Justice Statistics should be addressed to:
Steven W. Perry, Statistician
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
USA
(202) 307-0765
askbjs@usdoj.gov

The CE is a basic source of data for revising the items and weights in the market basket of consumer purchases to be priced for the Consumer Price Index. It is also used to construct statistical measures of consumption, for analysis of expenditure patterns by individual and family characteristics, in market research studies, in economic research, and to develop consumer guidance materials.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)

The (unweighted) numbers of AI/AN/NA represented in the CE Interview 2004 are:
TOTAL: 38,844
AI/AN: 204
NH/PI: 118

The Bureau of Labor Statistics makes state identifiers available for use with the public-use CD-ROMs, although some states are not identified because the sample size for each state is very small. Further information about geographic identifiers can be obtained from the Bureaus Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys, by e-mail at cexinfo@bls.gov or by telephone at (202) 691-6900.

Consumer expenditure data for selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) also are published in the biennial reports. For confidentiality reasons, MSA identifiers are not included on the public-use microdata on CD-ROMs.

If the 2003 and 2004 data were aggregated, the resulting (unweighted) Ns would be:

Diary data
TOTAL: 30,744
AI/AN: 176
NH/PI: 109

Interview data
TOTAL: 79,218
AI/AN: 417
NH/PI: 196

The Census Bureau selects a sample of approximately 12,500 addresses for participation in the Diary survey each year. The Interview survey is a rotating panel survey in which approximately 15,000 addresses are contacted in each calendar quarter of the year. One-fifth of the addresses contacted each quarter are new to the survey and provide the bounding interviews that afford baseline data, but are not used to compute the surveys published expenditure estimates. After a housing unit has been in the sample for five consecutive quarters, it is dropped from the panel and a new housing unit is selected to replace it.

Selected standard error tables are available at http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxstnderror.htm.

Detailed information on how to use the standard error tables is provided at: http://www.bls.gov/cex/anthology/csxanth5.pdf.

Telephone- (202) 691-6900
FAX- (202) 691-7006
E Mail- CEXINFO@bls.gov

For information on how to obtain the actual data, please contact BLS officials using the contact information given above. There is also an online table generator available at the CE homepage at: http://www.bls.gov/cex/.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Some Other Race (this category is not read/displayed to the respondent)

Responses to the race item are recoded into multiple race categories for analytic purposes. Those categories that include AI/AN or NH/PI are listed below:

• AI/AN Only
• NH/PI Only
• White/AI/AN
• White/NH/PI
• Black/AI/AN
• Black/NH/PI
• AI/AN/Asian
• Asian/NH/PI
• White/Black/AI/AN
• White/AI/AN/Asian
• White/Asian/NH/PI
• White/Black/AI/AN/Asian

February 2006 (N = 136,294)
AI/AN Only: 1,510
NH/PI Only: 462
White/AI/AN: 1,357
White/NH/PI: 149
Black/AI/AN: 143
Black/NH/PI: 22
AI/AN/Asian: 4
Asian/NH/PI: 124
White/Black/AI/AN: 102
White/AI/AN/Asian: 17
White/Asian/NH/PI: 156
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 5

March 2006 (N = 135,028)
AI/AN Only: 1,447
NH/PI Only: 472
White/AI/AN: 1,345
White/NH/PI: 155
Black/AI/AN: 146
Black/NH/PI: 23
AI/AN/Asian: 6
Asian/NH/PI: 128
White/Black/AI/AN: 95
White/AI/AN/Asian: 19
White/Asian/NH/PI: 171
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 3

April 2006 (N = 136,405)
AI/AN Only: 1,486
NH/PI Only: 486
White/AI/AN: 1,351
White/NH/PI: 165
Black/AI/AN: 150
Black/NH/PI: 20
AI/AN/Asian: 6
Asian/NH/PI: 110
White/Black/AI/AN: 91
White/AI/AN/Asian: 21
White/Asian/NH/PI: 188
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 4

There are several geographic variables on the data sets that could be useful for analysis. They include:

• Region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West);
• State Census Code (state names);
• Combined Statistical Area Federal Information Processing Standards Code (FIPS) (e.g., Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah,WI; Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL- IN-WI; Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN; Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH);
• Metropolitan Statistical Area FIPS Code (e.g., Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI, MSA; Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI MSA; Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC MSA);
• Principal City/Balance Status (Principal City, Balance Metropolitan, Nonmetropolitan, Not Identified);
• Metropolitan Status (Metropolitan, Nonmetropolitan, Not Identified);
• Individual Central City Code (specific city code); and
• Metropolitan Statistical Area Size (100,000 - 249,999, 250,000 - 499,999, 500,000 - 999,999, 1,000,000 - 2,499,999, 2,500,000 - 4,999,999, 5,000,000+).

Email inquiries can be submitted via the Ask a Question tab on the ask.census.gov webpage. (https://ask.census.gov/cgi-bin/askcensus.cfg/php/enduser/std_alp.php).

Telephone inquiries can be made at (301) 763-3806.

Basic monthly data for May 2004 through April 2006 are currently available from DataFerrett. DataFerrett is a data mining tool that accesses data stored in TheDataWeb (a network of online data libraries) through the Internet. DataFerrett must be installed as an application on a personal computer or used as a java applet with an Internet browser (http://dataferrett.census.gov/). Older data are available via file transfer protocol (ftp) from the CPS website: http://www.bls.census.gov/ferretftp.htm.

Measures of Well-being for Children.

In the parent interview, childrens race/ethnicity is defined by a series of variables. Parents were asked whether their child was of Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino origin. The parents were then shown a card with race response options and asked to choose from a number of options.

The restricted-use ECLS-B data files identify the following race categories:

• White
• Black
• American Indian
• Asian Indian
• Chinese
• Filipino
• Japanese
• Korean
• Vietnamese
• Other Asian
• Native Hawaiian
• Guamanian
• Chamorro
• Samoan
• Other Pacific Islander

The data set allows for children to be identified as more than one race.

In the second data collection wave, parents of children who were identified as AI/AN in the first data collection wave were asked to confirm that they/their children were AI/AN. If confirmed, interviewers asked [Are you/Is [the child]] formally enrolled in that (tribe/Alaska Regional Corporation)? and [Do you/Does [the child]] currently live on tribal lands or a reservation?

Total AI/AN population = 750*
AI/AN and Hispanic = 150*
AI/AN, non-Hispanic = 300*
AI/AN, non-Hispanic, more than one race = 300*

When appropriately weighted to be nationally representative, this sample of AI/AN children represents approximately 2 percent of all children born in the United States in 2001.

For the second year (children approximately 2 years old) collected in 2003:
Total AI/AN population = 700*

*Please note: These counts have been rounded according to NCES rounding rules, as the ECLS-B data are currently only available in a restricted format.

Although Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander are provided as separate racial categories in the data files, reports present data for these groups rolled up into a single category: Other Asian/Pacific Islander.

Wave 2: Children were about 2-year-olds (collected in 2003)

Wave 3: Children were preschool-aged (e.g., age 4) (collected in 2005)

Wave 4: Children will be in kindergarten (to be collected 2006-2007)

Wave 5: Includes children who were not yet enrolled in kindergarten during the Wave 4 field period (to be collected in fall 2007)

1. Child assessment: Children participated in a variety of activities to assess their early mental, physical, and socioemotional development. A trained staff member measured the childs mental and physical skills through an untimed one-on-one assessment in the childs home. Assessment tools included the Bayley Short Form-Research Edition (BSF-R) (a variation of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition that was developed specifically for use in the ECLS-B), the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), and physical measurements.
2. Parent interview: Parents/guardians were asked to provide key information about their children and themselves. The parent interview included two instruments: the parent interview instrument and the parent self-administered questionnaire (PSAQ). The first was conducted in person by trained field interviewers using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) as part of the home visit. The PSAQ was a paper and pencil instrument, presented during the parent CAPI instrument for the respondent to complete and return in a provided envelope, and contained 23 questions on topics some people might prefer to answer privately.
3. Father questionnaires: The ECLSB also collected data from fathers through two separate father questionnaires: the resident father questionnaire and the nonresident father questionnaire. The nonresident father questionnaire was only administered in cases where the child did not live in the same household as his or her biological father and a minimum contact frequency was met. Both father questionnaires were self-administered with telephone follow-up.

Sampling was based on occurrence of the birth as listed on the birth certificate. Sampled children subsequently identified by the state registrars as having died or who had been adopted after the issuance of the birth certificate were excluded from the sample. Also, infants whose birth mothers were younger than 15 years at the time of the childs birth were excluded.

Questions about NCES restricted-use licenses can be addressed to:
Cynthia L. Barton
Data Security Assistant
Phone: (202) 502-7307
E-mail: Cynthia.Barton@ed.gov

The longitudinal nature of the ECLS-K data enables researchers to study how a wide range of family, school, community, and individual factors are associated with school performance. Researchers can request the child-level files for each year of data collection, as well as the longitudinal kindergarten to fifth grade data file. Data are collected from a direct child assessment, from parent interviews, from school administrators and teachers, and from student records and a school facilities checklist.

Categories include:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• White
• Another race (specify)

When the parent interview is not completed, race information is obtained from school records. The parent interview is considered the best source of information regarding race/ethnicity.

Child assessment
Total completed interviews: 11,260
AI/AN: 210
NH/PI: 144
Parent interview
Total completed interviews: 10,913
AI/AN: 222
NH/PI: 136

School administrator questionnaires
Total completed interviews: 10,937
AI/AN: 191
NH/PI: 145

School facilities checklist
Total completed interviews: 11,154
AI/AN: 208
NH/PI: 146

Student records abstract
Total completed interviews: 10,015
AI/AN: 197
NH/PI: 125

Teacher-level questionnaires
Total completed interviews: 10,872
AI/AN: 206
NH/PI: 138

To collect information from parents, a trained interviewer phones the parent at their home and administers a 45-50 minute interview. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) methods are used to record the parents answers. If the childs family does not have a telephone, the interview is conducted in person.

To collect information from schools, teachers and school administrators complete paper and pencil surveys and retrieve information from school records.

There are also some differences in response rates by race. For example, in the spring-fifth grade data collection, the AI/ANs had the lowest child assessment weighted completion rate (78.3 percent) and the highest parent interview weighted completion rate (95.2 percent).

Each survey item in the ECLS-K has its own design effect that can be estimated from the survey data. The median design effects, as reported in the ECLS-K 5th Grade Users Manual, for the race/ethnicity variable for all six rounds of data collection are:

• White: 2.920
• Black : 2.532
• Hispanic: 2.456
• Asian: 3.106
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 4.186
• American Indian or Alaska Native: 7.058
• Other: 2.423

Elvira Germino Hausken
Project Officer, ECLS-K
U.S. Department of Education
National Center for Education Statistics
(202) 502-7352
ECLS@ed.gov
Web Site: http://nces.ed.gov/ecls/

• White, not of Hispanic origin
• Black, not of Hispanic origin
• Hispanic
• Asian or Pacific Islander
• American Indian or Alaskan Native (AI/AN)

USDA recently announced that these categories are being changed. States have until April 1, 2007 to implement this change. The new categories will capture the following:

• American Indian or Alaskan Native
• Asian
• Black or African-American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
• White
• American Indian or Alaska Native and White
• Asian and White
• Black or African American and White
• American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African-American

Additionally, separate categories will be included for each of the race categories above to designate Hispanic origin (e.g., White/Hispanic, White/Non-Hispanic.)

The FSPQC database will be revised to reflect these new reporting requirements for FY 2007.

Additionally, the FSPQC data are limited regarding the asset and vehicle holdings of FSP participants, and there are no data available for eligible non-participants. There are also no data available for those receiving disaster benefits, as these cases are not subject to review.

Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation
USDA Food and Nutrition Service
3101 Park Center Drive, Room 1014
Alexandria, Virginia 22302
703-305-2017

Additionally, a restricted version of the FSPQC data can be downloaded from the following website: http://host4.mathematica-mpr.com/fns/fnsqcdata/download.htm.

Characteristics of Food Stamp Households: Fiscal Year 2004. September 2005. Anni Poikolainen. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.

• White/Caucasian
• Hawaiian
• Chinese
• Filipino
• Japanese
• Korean
• Vietnamese
• Asian Indian
• Other Asian
• Samoan/Tongan
• Black/African American
• Native American/Aleut/Eskimo/Inuit
• Puerto Rican
• Mexican
• Portuguese
• Guamanian/Chamorro
• Other Pacific Islander

Additionally, the interviewer can mark an other category and record an ethnic background not included in the above list. Interviewers can also record responses of dont know (respondent may not know all ethnic background classifications of all household members) or refused. Data are stored in the file as eight or more (8 responses and also other) ethnic indicators for every household member, and can support classification of ethnicity or race according to any classification scheme including single and multiple class schemes.

OHSM then codes the eight possible choices for each individual to one ethnic indicator based on parents race/ethnicity according to a system consistent with U.S. Census rules for coding race/ethnicity. Specifically, if Hawaiian is listed for either the mother or father, ethnicity for that person is coded as Hawaiian.

The Hawaii Department of Health publishes figures for the following race groups: Caucasian, Hawaiian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, and Other.

Staffing, enrollment, and service trend information is collected through the PIR and compiled each year for use at federal, regional, and local levels. The PIR enrollment report describes the program options provided by Head Start and Early Head Start programs and provides demographic information on the children and pregnant women served. Additional information collected in the PIR enrollment report includes funded and actual enrollment, eligibility, and turnover of enrollees. The PIR family services report provides information on Head Start and Early Head Start family characteristics, including the number and types of families served, employment status, education level, and the types of services the programs provide in response to family needs.

Report the total number of children (and pregnant women in EHS programs) by race:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN). A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North, South, or Central America, and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
• Asian. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
• Black or African American. A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa.
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI). A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
• White. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
• Biracial or Multi-Racial. A person of two or more races.
• Other. A person reporting a race other than those listed above.
• Unspecified. Race not reported and/or unknown.

If the respondent indicated either American Indian or Alaska Native (even though the option Alaska Native is not stated in the question), then these two categories are collapsed into a single category. Asians and Pacific Islanders are also collapsed into a single category.

Beginning in 2006, the HRS adopted the more exhaustive Census race item that separates American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.

Counts for later waves of the HRS are available from codebooks that can be accessed at no cost from the HRS website. Since the HRS adds new refresher cohorts every six years (most recently in 2004), the count for AI/AN persons may increase, but could also decrease as a result of attrition or death. The overall numbers, however, will not change drastically.

Health and Retirement Study
Survey Research Center
Institute for Social Research
University of Michigan
426 Thompson Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: (734) 936-0314
Fax: (734) 647-1186
Email: hrsquest@isr.umich.edu

Questions in the survey address type of drug use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, and a number of other substances), ease of obtaining drugs, frequency of drug usage, and other health behaviors and personal history such as eating habits, family make-up, depression, stealing, fighting, bringing weapons to school, anger management, attention span at school, and opinions about school itself. The U.S. study also includes a survey of school administrators and health educators to provide contextual information about the school and health education programs in the school. The HBSC began in 1983 and has been conducted approximately every 4 years. The most recently available data for the United States are the 2001-2002 survey year data.

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• White

To obtain research protocol: http://www.hbsc.org/publications/research_protocols.html.

NCI Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
6130 Executive Boulevard, Suite 6134
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
http://hints.cancer.gov
http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/hints/

Using IPEDS, it is also possible to disaggregate the data by tribal colleges. Thirty-two tribal colleges submitted data to IPEDS in 2004. Enrollment at tribal colleges in the U.S., Fall 2004:
Total enrollment at tribal colleges: 17,599
AI/AN enrollment at tribal colleges = 14,067

National Center for Education Statistics
Institute of Education Sciences
1990 K Street, NW
8th & 9th Floors
Washington, DC 20006, USA
Telephone: (202) 502-7300

• White (was White, not of Hispanic origin through September 1998)
• Black or African American (was Black, not of Hispanic origin through September 1998)
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian (was Asian or Pacific Islander through September 1998)
• Hispanic or Latino No Race information available (was Hispanic [without race annotation] through October 1998)
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI) (new code beginning October 1998)
• Hispanic or Latino and one or more Races (new code beginning October 1998)
• More than one Race (new code beginning October 1998)
• Unknown

Cost of the data set is dependent on the number of states, years, and file types requested.

Data documentation:
http://www.resdac.umn.edu/Medicaid/data_documentation.asp.
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MedicaidDataSourcesGenInfo/07_MAXGeneralInformation.asp

MEPS is comprised of three component surveys: the Household Component (HC), the Medical Provider Component (MPC), and the Insurance Component (IC). The HC is the core survey, and it forms the basis of the MPC sample. Together these surveys yield comprehensive data that provide national estimates of the level and distribution of health care use and expenditures, support health services research, and can be used to assess health care policy implications.

• White alone
• Black alone
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) alone
• Asian alone
• Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (NH/PI) alone
• Multiple Race

For the MPC, a sample of medical providers are contacted by telephone to provide information that the household respondents cannot accurately provide (after obtaining permission from the HC respondents). The IC is an annual panel survey that collects data on health insurance plans obtained through employers, unions, and other sources of private health insurance. Data are collected by the Census Bureau from the sampled organizations through a prescreening telephone interview, a mailed questionnaire, and a telephone follow-up for non-respondents.

Because MEPS relies on a complex sampling design rather than simple random sampling, it is important to take into account reductions in the accuracy of calculated estimates (size of standard errors). Statistical software programs such as SAS (version 8.2 or higher), SUDAAN, STATA, and SPSS (version 12.0 or higher), are available to accommodate the complex design and calculate robust standard errors. A full description of how to compute standard errors for MEPS can be found on the MEPS web site (http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/FactSheets/FS_StandardErrors.HTM).

Many of the MEPS databases include considerably more data than can be made available to the general public because of the constraints of confidentiality guidelines. In order to facilitate the use of such data, while maintaining the confidentiality, AHRQ developed a Data Center (a physical space at AHRQ in Rockville, Maryland) where researchers with approved projects can access data files not available for public dissemination. See the MEPS web site for details.

By e-mail: mepspd@ahrq.gov
By phone/fax: MEPS Information Coordinator (301) 427-1656
CFACT General Information: (301) 427-1406
CFACT Fax: (301) 427-1276
By mail: Project Director
Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
540 Gaither Road
Rockville, MD 20850
Telephone: (301) 427-1656
E-mail: mepspd@ahrq.gov

Race/ethnic categories included in the data are:

• Unknown
• White
• Black
• Other
• Asian/Pacific Islander
• Hispanic
• North American Native

There is a cost associated with use of this data set. Researchers will need to contact ResDAC in order to receive pricing information. The steps and forms are described in detail at the following website: http://www.resdac.umn.edu/medicare/requesting_data.asp.

Denominator File Record Layout: http://www.resdac.umn.edu/ddde/dd_de.asp

The following categories are used in the SAFs:

• White
• Black
• Other
• Asian
• Hispanic
• North American Native
• Unknown

CMS updates race information based on a quarterly update file from Indian Health Services identifying individuals deemed by IHS to be Native American.

Please see this website for a further description of the SAFs: http://www.resdac.umn.edu/Medicare/data_file_descriptions.asp#rif

Data Dictionaries are available at: http://www.resdac.umn.edu/ddvh/index.asp#RIF

• White (Alone) Non-Hispanic
• White (Alone) - Hispanic
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) (Alone)
• Asian (Alone)
• Black or African American (Alone)
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI) (Alone)
• Persons Reporting Some Other Race
• Persons Reporting Two or More Races
• Race Missing

Questions regarding NAPIS should be addressed to:
Saadia Greenberg
email: saadia.greenberg@aoa.gov
or
Steve Cordasco
email: steve.cordasco@aoa.gov

To obtain the NAPIS data, contact:
Robert Hornyak
email: robert.hornyak@aoa.hhs.gov

• White
• Black/African American
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• More than one race reported

Data Download: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm#Micro-data

Contact Information:
National Center for Health Statistics
Ambulatory Care Statistics Branch
3311 Toledo Road, Rm. 3409
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4600

• White
• Black or African American
• Asian
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)

The NAAL prison sample was independently selected using a two-stage design. The first stage involved selecting more than 100 federal and state prisons. The second stage involved selecting individual inmates from the selected prisons.

The full NAAL public-use and restricted-use data sets are not ready for dissemination at this time. However, once they are released, only the restricted use NAAL data set will identify AI/AN individuals. As there are less than 45 NH/PI cases in the data set, these values will be suppressed according to NAAL rules.

The directions for coding a child as American Indian or Alaska Native are: A child having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.

The directions for coding a child as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander are: A child having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.

If there are a very small number of records at the county level for a particular race, the race information is recoded to unknown.

Counts of distinct children by race in the 2004 NCANDS data file:
AI/AN: 46,708
NH/PI: 11,700

Counts of distinct perpetrators by race in the 2004 NCANDS data file:
AI/AN: 6,294
NH/PI: 2,091

The 2003 data set consists of 1,216,626 total records (report-child pairs) from 22 states and DC.

Counts of distinct children by race in the 2003 NCANDS data file:
AI/AN: 22,228
NH/PI: 3,400

Counts of distinct perpetrators by race in the 2003 NCANDS data file:
AI/AN: 3,740
NH/PI: 653

In 2003, only twenty-two states and DC agreed to archive their NCANDS Child File data with the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN). States that submitted data in 2003 are Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming.

In addition to the state indicator, the child data file also includes the Federal FIPS Code for the county where the report was made for counties with more than 1,000 records in the data file. For all records, the childs county of residence is removed from the data file because of confidentiality concerns.

State participation in the detailed case data collection consists of mapping each requested data element into the Child File record layout, extracting the state data into the Child File record layout, and submitting the case level data to NCANDS.

When conducting analyses with NCANDS data, it is important to keep in mind that state-to-state variation in child maltreatment laws and information systems may affect the interpretation of the data. Users are encouraged to refer to the state mapping documents included on the data CD for information about how the states system codes its data.

• White
• Black/African American
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Asian
• Other Specify

A series of changes has occurred recently with modifications to the questions, placing more emphasis on hot topics of crime, which may provide challenges for multi-year comparisons. Some topics included in 2004 were identity theft, credit card theft and multiple crime situations involving personal information.

General information:
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
USA
(202) 307-0765
askbjs@usdoj.gov

A list of publications for the 1992-2004 data can be found at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi/CITATIONS/search?study=4276&method=study&path=NACJD.

The NESARC collects data on background, alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse and dependence, alcohol treatment utilization, family history of alcoholism, tobacco use and dependence, medicine use, drug abuse and dependence, drug treatment utilization, family history of drug abuse, major depression, family history of major depression, dysthymia, mania and hypomania, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, anxiety disorder, personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder, family history of antisocial personality disorder, pathological gambling, medical conditions, and victimization. Public use data are currently available for the first wave of data collection.

The respondent chooses one or more from the following categories:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• White

AI/AN: 1,304
NH/PI: 363
Note that respondents could select more than one category.

For analytical purposes, the Census Bureau imputed race for individuals for whom that information was missing. The Bureau also used an algorithm to code a single race category for those individuals who identified themselves as multi-racial. These computations and imputations resulted in a constructed variable where the unweighted count of American Indians or Alaska Natives (not Hispanic) was 701. Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders are combined with Asians as one category of the constructed variable.

Ms. Nekisha Lakins
CSR, Incorporated
Phone: (703) 741-7157
Fax: (703) 312-5230
Email: nlakins@csrincorporated.com

• White only
• Black/African American only
• American Indian/Alaska Native only (AI/AN)
• Asian only
• Race group not releasable
• Multiple race

• White
• Black/African American
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• More than one race reported

Data Download: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm#Micro-data

Contact Information:
National Center for Health Statistics
Ambulatory Care Statistics Branch
3311 Toledo Road, Rm. 3409
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4600

While there are many surveys included in this system, this profile includes only the surveys that have more than 100 AI/AN/NA individuals across multiple years, and that were administered in 1995 or later (note that the first NHES survey was fielded in 1991). Surveys that are included in this profile are the Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey (PFI-NHES), the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey (ECPP-NHES), the Adult Education Survey (AE-NHES) (also called the Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Survey (AELL-NHES)), the Before- and After-School Programs and Activities Survey (ASPA-NHES), and the 1999 Parent Survey (Parent-NHES, which includes some items from the PFI-NHES, ECPP-NHES, and ASPA-NHES).

Which of the following races do you consider yourself to be? You may name more than one.

• White
• Black
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Other specify

In 2001, the AE-NHES race questions was:

Are you...

• White
• Black
• American Indian or Alaska Native
• Asian or Pacific Islander
• Some other race? (Interviewers are instructed to use this category if no race is selected or if more than one race is selected.)

The race question in all surveys prior to 2005 was structured the same way as this question from the 2001 AE-NHES Survey. Note that also prior to 2005, the categories Asian and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander were combined into a single category: Asian or Other Pacific Islander.

For all NHES surveys, information about Hispanic ethnicity is collected in a separate question.

ECPP-NHES
1995: Out of 14,064 records, 113 are AI/AN
2001: Out of 6,749 records, 51 are AI/AN
2005: Out of 7,209 records, 233 are AI/AN and 66 were NH/PI

AE-NHES and AELL-NHES
1995: Out of 19,722 records, 160 are AI/AN
1999: Out of 6,697 records, 51 are AI/AN
2001: Out of 10,873 records, 84 are AI/AN
2005: Out of 8,904 records, 355 are AI/AN and 51 were NH/PI

ASPA-NHES
2001: Out of 9,583 records, 79 were AI/AN
2005: Out of 11,684 records, 374 were AI/AN and 79 were NH/PI

Parent-NHES:
1999: Out of 24,600 records, 193 were AI/AN

The NHES will continue to be conducted regularly in the future, covering the same topics investigated in earlier collections. In 2007, surveys will cover Adult Education for Work-Related Reasons, School Readiness, and Parent and Family Involvement in Education.

Researchers also should review any survey questions of interest before combining them to ensure the question text and response categories are comparable. Change in the race question text between 2003 and 2005 may affect the ability to aggregate 2005 data with data from previous years.

If researchers choose to combine data sets across multiple years, the end results would be:
PFI-NHES surveys from 1996 and 2003: Total AI/AN : 339
ECPP-NHES surveys from 1995, 2001 and 2005: Total AI/AN : 397
AE-NHES surveys from 1995, 1999, 2001 and 2005: Total AI/AN: 650
ASPA-NHES surveys from 2001 and 2005: Total AI/AN: 453

1995 ECPP-NHES: Weighted response rate of 66.3%
2001 ECPP-NHES: Weighted response rate of 59.9%
2005 ECPP-NHES: Weighted response rate of 56.4%

1995 AE-NHES: Weighted response rate of 58.6%
1999 AE-NHES: Weighted response rate of 62.3%
2001 AELL-NHES: Weighted response rate of 53.4%
2005 AE-NHES: Weighted response rate of 47.6%

2001 ASPA-NHES: Weighted response rate of 59.7%
2005 ASPA-NHES: Weighted response rate of 56.3%

1999 Parent-NHES: Weighted response rate of 66.7%

The NHES data user manuals provide weighted response rates as these rates give a better description of the success of the survey with respect to the population of interest. The response rate indicates the percentage of possible interviews that have been completed, taking all sampling stages into account. The weighted response rate is similar to the unweighted response rate unless the probabilities of selection vary considerably.

Additionally, a within-household sampling scheme was developed to limit the number of persons sampled for extended interviews in each household in order to reduce respondent burden.

1995 ECPP-NHES survey deff = 1.2 for the Full Sample
2001 ECPP-NHES survey deff = 1.2 for the Full Sample
2005 ECPP-NHES survey = 1.4 for the Full Sample, 1.3 for Preschoolers

1995 AE-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample
1999 AE-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample, 1.4 for Participants
2001 AELL-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample
2005 AE-NHES survey deff= 1.6 for the Full Sample

2001 ASPA-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample
2005 ASPA-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample

1999 Parent-NHES survey deff = 1.3 for the Full Sample

The NHES staff can be contacted by sending an email to: nhes@ed.gov.

In addition to the national sample, planning organizations could purchase add-on surveys in their state or specific county so that reliable estimates could be made for that geographic area. The nine add-on samples include the following areas:

• State of Wisconsin
• State of New York
• State of Texas
• Hawaii (state-wide, excluding Oahu)
• Oahu, Hawaii
• Baltimore, Maryland
• Des Moines, Iowa
• Lancaster, Pennsylvania
• Edmonson, Carter, Pulaski, and Scott Counties, Kentucky

• Household file: Contains one record per sampled household. Variables include the number of vehicles, type of residence, household income, and information on the primary household respondent.
• Person file: Contains one record per person who completed a person interview. Variables include information on traveling to work; the number of miles driven; customer satisfaction with transportation arrangements; and person demographics such as age, race, driver status, and medical condition.
• Vehicle File: Contains one record per each vehicle owned, leased, or available for regular use by the household members in each sample household. Variables include type of vehicle, vehicle ownership, mileage, and housing characteristics.
• Travel day trip file: Contains one record per each trip taken by an interviewed person in a sampled household, for the households randomly- assigned travel day.
• Long trip file: Contains one record per each trip of 50 miles or more away from home. The long distance trip data were collected in the national sample and NY and WI add-on samples only.

For the NHTS study, household members include all people who think of the sampled household as their primary place of residence. It includes persons who usually stay in the household but are temporarily away on business, vacation, or in a hospital. It does not include people just visiting, such as college students who normally live away at school.

Im going to read a list of races. Please tell me which best describes your race. Are you ...
(Interviewers are instructed to code all that apply.)

• White
• African American, Black
• Asian
• American Indian, Alaskan Native (AI/AN)
• Native Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)

The following categories are not asked but are coded in the data files:

• Multiracial
• Hispanic/Mexican
• Other
• Refused
• Dont Know

2001 NHTS Person File
Total number of records: 160,758 completed interviews
AI/AN person in household: 882
NH/PI person in household: 1,027
White/AI person in household: 1,275
AI/Hispanic person in household: 115

2001 NHTS Vehicle File
Total number of vehicles: 139,382
AI/AN primary driver: 697
NH/PI primary driver: 720
White/AI primary driver: 1,189
AI/Hispanic primary driver: 62

2001 NHTS Day Trip File
Total number of day trips: 642,292
AI/AN traveler: 3,383
NH/PI traveler: 3,794
White/AI traveler: 4,834
AI/Hispanic traveler: 413

2001 NHTS Long Trip File
Total number of long trips: 45,165
AI/AN traveler: 277
NH/PI traveler: 127
White/AI traveler: 609
AI/Hispanid traveler: 24

The NHTS data are supplemented with tract and block group data that are derived from the 2000 Census data. These data are used to describe the characteristics of the areas where the NHTS respondents live, including descriptors such as housing units per square mile, an urban/rural code, and population density per square mile.

Although there are multiple years of data available for comparison purposes, aggregation of the data is not recommended. The sample design varied across administrations of the survey. Also, there were changes in national travel behavior across the years of data collection due to the state of the economy, the price of oil, and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Some significant variations can be expected in travel trend analysis, but the nature of these variations is such that aggregation of the data across multiple years is discouraged.

As the data from the NHTS study is organized into four separate files, it may require strong programming skills to merge the files together if this is required for a specific research questions.

The NHTS public use database can be downloaded directly from: http://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/html_files/download_directory.shtml.

When school-recorded information is missing, student-reported data are used to determine race/ethnicity. All students who complete an assessment are asked some general student background questions, including questions about their race/ethnicity. Separate questions are asked about students Hispanic ethnic background and about students race.

Based on the school records and self-reports, students are categorized into one of the following mutually exclusive categories: 

• White (non-Hispanic)
• Black (non-Hispanic)
• Hispanic
• Asian/Pacific Islander
• American Indian (including Alaska Native) (AI/AN)
• Unclassified

Unclassified students are those whose school-reported race was recorded as other or unavailable or was missing, or who self-reported more than one race category (i.e., multi-racial) or none. Hispanic students may be of any race.

In the full 2005 NAEP mathematics assessment, a sample of about 172,000 fourth-grade and 162,000 eighth-grade students participated in the study. Of these, approximately 3,900 AI/AN students in grade 4 and approximately 3,500 AI/AN students in grade 8 are included in the NIES study. These numbers have been rounded to the nearest 100.

The national and regional results of the NIES include AI/AN students in all schools (public, private, Department of Defense, and BIA), while the state results are based on samples of AI/AN students in public and BIA schools only; however, the percentage of AI/AN students who are enrolled in schools other than public and BIA schools nationally is very small (between 1 and 2 percent, unweighted).

Specific questions about the NIES to can be directed to Jeff Johnson (jeff.johnson@ed.gov) or Taslima Rahman (taslima.rahman@ed.gov).

Research access to the entire NLMS database may be arranged through the principal investigators of the NLMS sponsoring agencies.

Norman J. Johnson
U.S. Census Bureau
4700 Silver Hill Road
DSMD, Room 3725-3
Suitland, MD 20746
Ph: (301) 763-4270
FAX: (301) 457-3766
email: norman.j.johnson@census.gov

• White
• Black
• American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut (AI/AN)
• Asian and Pacific Islander
• Could not match

Mortality Statistics Branch
Division of Vital Statistics
National Center for Health Statistics
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3311 Toledo Road, Room 7318
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
(301) 458-4666

The data can be directly downloaded from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nmfs/nmfs.htm.
Documentation for the 1993 survey is also available at this website.

• White
• Black
• American Indian, Aleutian, or Eskimo (AI/AN)
• Asian/Pacific Islander
• Other (Specify)

The race question was identical in the 1999 study. In 1997, the race question did not include the follow-up probe for Native American.

The 2002 Focal Child File contains one record for each child (ages 0 17) included in the NSAF study. Out of 34,332 completed interviews in this file, 491 respondents are identified as American Indian/Native American/Aleutian or Eskimo.

There are also three data files for the adult respondents included in the NSAF. In the survey, some questions are asked about both the respondent and his or her spouse or partner (if one exists), others are asked about either the respondent or his or her spouse or partner (randomly chosen), and still others are asked about only the respondent.

The 2002 Adult Pair File contains records for both the respondent and his/her spouse or partner. Out of 70,577 completed interviews in this file, 1,018 individuals are identified as American Indian/Native American/Aleutian or Eskimo.

The 2002 Random Adult File contains data elements from the extended interview that are specific to a randomly selected adult (this is a subset of the Adult Pair File). The random adult data set contains variables based on questions asked during the extended interview that were specific to a randomly selected adult (either the respondent or the spouse/partner). This situation occurs only in sections E (Past Year Health Insurance Coverage) and F (Health Care use and Access) of the NSAF questionnaire. Out of 49,507 completed interviews in this file, 752 respondents are identified as American Indian/Native American/Aleutian or Eskimo.

The 2002 Childless Adult File contains data elements representing households without children, where up to two childless adults between the ages of 18 and 64 were selected for interviewing. Out of 15,279 completed interviews, 248 respondents are identified as being American Indian/Native American/Aleutian or Eskimo. This file is not available on the NSAF Online Statistical Analysis webpage, but can be downloaded seperately at: http://anfdata.urban.org/drsurvey/login.cfm

The NSAF was designed to produce national estimates of the population under 65. Additionally, state estimates are possible for the 13 states that contained oversamples: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. There is also a public use NSAF data set available for the California NSAF, conducted in 1997, 1999, and 2002 (containing 113 AI/AN individuals).

The number of AI/AN respondents for the 1997 and 1999 NSAF that could be included in an aggregation are below:

AI/AN Respondents in 1999:
Child file: 488
Adult pair file: 1,001
Random adult file: 721

AI/AN Respondents in 1997:
Child file: 529
Adult pair file: 971
Random adult file: 738

1999: overall child response rate = 62.4%
1999: overall adult response rate = 59.4%

1997: overall child response rate = 65.1%
1997: overall adult response rate = 61.8%

The sampling frame consisted of a list-assisted, random-digit dialing (RDD) sample of telephone numbers supplemented by an area probability sample of nontelephone households. A short screening interview was used to identify and sample households based on age composition and household income. Once household eligibility was sampled, subsequent questions were asked to identify the children (age 0 to 17) or adults (age 18 to 64) in the household. Once this list was compiled, the CATI program sampled up to two children or up to two adults for subjects on the extended interview. If children were sampled, a series of questions was asked to determine the name and relationship of the person most knowledgeable about the selected child or children (the most knowledgeable adult).

Child, all races: DEFF = 1.77, effective sample size = 10,828
Adult, all races: DEFF = 2.13, effective sample size = 15,015
(Separate design effects and effective sample sizes were calculated for the Black and Hispanic populations, but not the AI/AN population.)

For most survey questions the item nonresponse rates were very low, often less than 1 percent. For survey items with significantly higher levels of item nonresponse (such as income), missing responses were imputed using a standard hot deck method, for all three rounds of data collection.

Low-income families were oversampled. Even with this oversampling method, the NSAF contains a relatively small average margin of error for state-level estimates of low-income children and adults.

The public use data can be accessed: http://anfdata.urban.org/drsurvey/login.cfm.

Additionally, researchers can perform web-based analysis of the NSAF survey data using the online analysis tool at: http://www.urban.org/center/anf/analysisprelogin.cfm.

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• White

This format is used to ascertain race of child, caretaker, and caseworker.

Asians, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are combined into a single category in the data set and can not be analyzed separately.

The CAPI instrument guided the child interview and prompted the field representative to administer the required developmental assessments in the designated order. When prompted, the field representative retrieved the assessment materials and administered the various activities appropriate for the childs age.

For both versions of NSCAW, access is limited to researchers who agree to the terms and conditions contained in the Data Use License. Only faculty and non-student research personnel at institutions that have an Institutional Review Board/Human Subjects Review Committee are eligible to order the data. While access to both versions of the NSCAW data require approval by an Institutional Review Board at the researchers institution and close oversight by NDACAN in the form of a legally-binding licensing agreement, access to the Restricted Release Data also requires preparation of an application and data protection plan as well as willingness to cooperate with unannounced on-site inspections of the research facility.

University students may gain access to the NSCAW only as research staff who have been added to the project, but a faculty advisor must serve as the investigator. Employees at child welfare agencies are not presently eligible to obtain any version of the NSCAW data.

Data Archive information:
National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect
Beebe Hall - FLDC
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
NDACAN General E-mail: NDACAN@cornell.edu
NDACAN Technical Support: NDACANSupport@cornell.edu

Federal Project Officer:
Mary Bruce Webb, Ph.D.
Administration for Children and Families
370 LEnfant Promenade, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20201
Phone: (202) 205-8628
mary.webb@acf.hhs.gov

Which of the groups on Card 2 describe your racial background? Please select one or more groups.
[Interviewers are instructed to enter all that apply. They are to enter all groups that are part of the mixture if the respondent reports a mixture of several races (biracial, mixed, mulatto, etc.).]

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Black or African American
• White

[If respondent selected multiple race groups, interviewer asks this question.]
Which of these groups, that is (Race groups selected) would you say best describes your racial background?

Analysis can be done for the four major census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Estimates cannot be made for individual states or for smaller areas.

Cycle 3 (1982): Question F-47:
Which of the groups on this card best describes your racial background?
Alaskan Native or American Indian has 83 cases (out of 7,969 women).
Only one race was coded in Cycle 3.

Cycle 4 (1988): Question F-9:
Which of the groups on card 30 best describe your racial background? (Code all that apply)
Alaskan Native or American Indian has 238 cases out of 8,450, allowing multiple mentions. The standard RACE recode is shown only as black, white, and other, but the original variable contains more detail.

Cycle 5 (1995): Question IC-3 and 4:
Which of the groups on Card I-1 best describes your racial background?
First mention= 344 Alaskan Native or American Indian.
2nd mention = 9 Alaskan Native or American Indian.
3rd mention = 3 Alaskan Native or American Indian.

CDC does not recommend using the AI/AN/NA race identifiers on the Cycle 1 (1973) and Cycle 2 (1976) data sets, as this information was collected differently and should not be combined with later cycles.

While there are no CDC-specific guidelines for pooling data, the agency provides the following suggestions for combining the data:

Researchers can append the data from each cycle of interest and use the year of the survey as an independent variable. For obtaining unbiased standard errors for each cycle:

• For the 2002 and 1995 surveys (Cycles 6 and 5) researchers can use SUDAAN or STATA software.
• For 1988 (Cycle 4) there are Balanced Repeated Replicate (BRR) weights available. STATA version 9 does BRR variance estimation. The command and the column locations of the weights can be obtained from CDC.
• For 1982 (Cycle 3): Replicate weights to allow calculation of valid standard errors for complex sampling were not included on public use files. Instead, generalized variance estimates were developed and published for estimated numbers and percentages.

Additionally, researchers should examine the sampling methodology and question text and response options across the different cycles to decide whether pooling data across the different cycles is feasible.

In the full sample data, the number of NH/PI is very small.

There are 3 ways to access data through the RDC once a project has been approved:

1. remote access, in which the user submits a SAS program electronically and the output is screened and returned electronically;
2. by physically going to the RDC at NCHS, and doing the research there, using any software the researcher wants to use; and
3. staff-assisted access, in which the researcher submits a program to an RDC staff member who submits and screens it and returns the output.

There are fees for each type of access.

Research Data Center: (301) 458-4277 or e-mail: rdca@cdc.gov

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian (NH)
• Other Pacific Islander (OPI)
• Hispanic/Mexican
• Other

Respondents could choose up to 8 response categories for this item.

TOTAL: 20,048
AI/AN: 897
NH: 34
OPI: 48

• Native Hawaiian alone
• Pacific Islander alone

• White
• Black/African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) (American Indian includes North American, Central American, and South American Indians)
• Native Hawaiian (NH)
• Other Pacific Islander (OPI)
• Asian (for example, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese)
• Other

In the public use data, NH and OPI are combined into a single category.

From the public use 2004 data:
AI/AN (coded as Non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska Native): 784
NH/PI (coded as Non-Hispanic NH/PI): 218

Data Archive Information:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA)
SAMHDA Helpline: (888) 741-7242
Local: (734) 615-9524
Fax: (734) 647-8200
e-mail: samhda-support@icpsr.umich.edu

SAMHDA/ICPSR
The University of Michigan
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
U.S.A.

General Inquiries should be addressed to:
Joe Gustin
Assistant Project Officer
DHHS/SAMHSA/OAS
1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 7-1020
Rockville, MD 20857
e-mail: Joe.Gustin@samhsa.hhs.gov
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh.htm

MOTHERS RACE (Check one or more races to indicate what the mother considers herself)

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and (Name of the enrolled or principal tribe)
• Asian Indian
• Chinese
• Filipino
• Japanese
• Korean
• Vietnamese
• Other Asian (Specify)
• Native Hawaiian (NH)
• Guamanian or Chamorro
• Samoan
• Other Pacific Islander (OPI) (Specify)
• Other (Specify)

Beginning in 2003, the number of births for any of the Asian /Pacific Islander subgroups is no longer available. Please see the NVSS report entitled Births: Final Data for 2003 for an explanation: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_02.pdf

From the 2002 linked file (National Vital Statistics Report, Volume 53, Number 10):
Race of Mother is Hawaiian (NH)
Births: 6,772 (N=4,021,825)
Infant deaths: 65* (N=27,970)
Neonatal deaths: 38 (N=18,791)
Post-neonatal deaths: 27 (N=9,179)
*Infant deaths are weighted, so numbers may not exactly add to totals due to rounding.

from death certificate information collected through the National Vital Statistics System, an inter-governmental collaboration between NCHS and the 50 states, two cities, and five territories. The NVSS-M data serve as the primary source of information on demographic, geographic, and cause-of-death information among persons dying in a given year. Data are available on an annual basis. Variables include the following: year, month, and day of week of death; place of death; residence of decedent (state, county, city, population size, standard metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties); state and county of occurrence; demographic information on decedent (e.g., age at death, education, Hispanic origin, marital status, race, sex, state of birth); underlying cause of death; and multiple causes of death.

• White
• Black
• American Indian (includes Aleuts and Eskimos)
• Chinese
• Japanese
• Hawaiian (includes Part-Hawaiian)
• Filipino
• Asian Indian
• Korean
• Samoan
• Vietnamese
• Guamanian
• Other Asian or Pacific Islander*
• Combined other Asian or Pacific Islander**

* Other Asian or Pacific Islander includes any Asian or Pacific Islander (API) group that is not included and does not easily fall into one of the API categories listed above.

** The Combined Other Asian or Pacific Islander category are death records in which more than one API category was listed under race on the death certificate (multiple race deaths). This category was introduced with the 2003 data. Most of the deaths in this category come from California and Hawaii (98.3 percent of the category).

Total number of records: 2,452,154
White: 2,106,697
Black: 291,706
American Indian: 13,160
Chinese: 8,831
Japanese: 5,920
Hawaiian: 594
Filipino: 7,557
Asian Indian: 2,542
Korean: 2,548
Samoan: 404
Vietnamese: 2,024
Guamanian: 159
Other Asian or Pacific Islander: 8,438
Combined other Asian or Pacific Islander: 1,574

• Native Hawaiian alone (in detailed data only)
• Samoan (in detailed data only)
• Guamanian (in detailed data only)

The Indian Health Service (IHS) conducted a study on racial misclassification of mortality data and produced adjustments to apply to the rates to compensate for the misreporting of AI/AN race on the state death certificates. This study found that misidentification varies substantially among states and the IHS service areas. IHS now adjusts the NVSS-M data to correct this misidentification and presents both adjusted and unadjusted data in two major IHS publications entitled: Regional Differences in Indian Health and Trends in Indian Health. (The reports are currently being updated to include the latest adjustment factors.)

Data on injury deaths for the race categories American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander are available from CDCs web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/

For information on accessing mortality files, contact: Ken Kochanek (301) 458-4319

• White
• Black
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian/Pacific Islander (microdata early than 2003 are subdivided into: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Other API)

There are no detailed breakdowns for any of the Asian/Pacific Islander subgroups after 2002. Please see the NVSS Report Births: Final Data for 2003 for an explanation: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_02.pdf

Beginning 2003, data are available for selected states for multiple race reporting for the mother and the father. As of the 2004 data year, 15 states reported multiple race responses to NCHS. Because most states do not report multiple race, it is necessary to bridge the multiple race responses to single race, following a special algorithm developed by NCHS in cooperation with the Census Bureau and with support from the National Cancer Institute. A large proportion of births to American Indian and Hawaiian women in particular are to women reporting more than one race. Detailed verbatim and checkbox entries for multiple race persons are available on the natality files by request.

For custom data requests, contact:
Reproductive Statistics Branch Division of Vital Statistics
National Center for Health Statistics
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3311 Toledo Road, Floor 7318
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
(301) 458-4111
births@cdc.gov

• White
• Black
• Native American (NA)
• Asian
• Pacific Islander
• Another race

Up to four choices were recorded.

(Pacific Islanders are combined with Asians into a single group, so no separate count of this group is possible.)

• Fringe counties of metropolitan areas of 1 million population or more
• Counties in metropolitan areas of 250,000 to 1 million population
• Counties in metropolitan areas of less than 250,000 population
• Urban population of 20,000 or more, adjacent to metropolitan area
• Urban population of 20,000 or more, not adjacent to a metropolitan area
• Urban population of less than 20,000, adjacent to a metropolitan area
• Urban population of less than 20,000, not adjacent to a metropolitan area
• Completely rural, adjacent to a metropolitan area
• Completely rural, not adjacent to a metropolitan area

The data allow geographic analysis at all these levels.

For general assistance, contact:
PSID Staff
The Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Institute for Social Research
PO Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
psidhelp@isr.umich.edu

• White, not Hispanic
• Black, not Hispanic
• Hispanic
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian/Pacific Islander
• All Other

Online geographic analysis is possible through review of published tables of national data and for two states at the websites listed below:

California has its data available at the following website: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/onlinearchive/pdf/chdp/informationnotices/2003/chdpin03q/contents.htm.

West Virginia provides state-specific data from 1996 - present: http://www.wvdhhr.org/ons/surveillance.asp.

• White, not Hispanic
• Black, not Hispanic
• Hispanic
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian/Pacific Islander
• All Other

Geographic analysis is possible at the national level through review of the published tables. Additionally, California has its data available at the following website: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/onlinearchive/pdf/chdp/informationnotices/2003/chdpin03q/contents.htm.

North Carolina provides state-specific data from 1997 - present: http://www.nutritionnc.com/nutrsurv.htm.

West Virginia provides state-specific data from 1998 - present: http://www.wvdhhr.org/ons/surveillance.asp.

The racial/ethnic distribution of individuals served by contributing clinics is presented by state and for some tribes; however, there is no such geographic breakdown for any of the health indicators collected in the data source in the published tables.

State-level data are available from North Carolina, California, and West Virginia. See above for Internet locations of these data.

• Attitudes and feelings about the most recent pregnancy,
• Content and source of prenatal care,
• Maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption,
• Physical abuse before and during pregnancy,
• Pregnancy-related morbidity,
• Infant health care,
• Contraceptive use, and
• Mothers knowledge of pregnancy-related health issues, such as adverse effects of tobacco and alcohol; benefits of folic acid; and risks of HIV.

Thirty-seven states, New York City, and Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota currently participate in PRAMS.

• White
• Black
• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian/Pacific Islander (subdivided into: Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Other API)

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5304a1.htm.

Denise DAngelo, MPH
Applied Sciences Branch MS-K22, Division of Reproductive Health,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4770 Buford Hwy, NE
Atlanta GA 30341-3724
DDAngelo@cdc.gov

Proposal guidelines and review processes are available at: http://www.cdc.gov/prams/.

A smaller subset of this abstracted information is exported to the National Patient Information Reporting System (NPIRS), a national data warehouse designed to allow IHS to aggregate RPMS data from all their local sites to track clinical practice patterns and episodes of care, provide measures of quality of care and clinical outcomes, perform epidemiological studies, report on patient demographics and healthcare utilization patterns and provide data from which health care costs can be estimated. Data elements exported to NPIRS include certain patient demographics; encounter-based information such as the date, location of a visit (facility), provider, the Purpose(s) of Encounter using International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) codes, medications, and certain laboratory test data; and specific patient related clinical data such as health factors.

The RPMS help desk for technical support with the RPMS system has staff who may be able to direct researchers to documents on the website and provide general information about RPMS data. However, the primary purpose of this help desk is for those who are implementing the RPMS system in their facility. The help desk can be contacted by telephone at (505) 248-4371 or (888) 830-7280, or by email to support@ihs.gov.

Main Website, geared primarily towards those who are implementing the RPMS system: http://www.ihs.gov/Cio/RPMS/index.cfm?module=home&option=index.

How does the youth describe himself/herself using these census categories? On the basis of the youths self-perception, select one or more codes indicating the young persons race category and one code indicating their ethnicity category.

The race categories are:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN): A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
• Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
• Black or African American: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI): A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
• White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

For FY 2003:
TOTAL number of records in data set: 74,290
AI/AN: 2,497
NH/PI: 581
AI/AN and some other race(s): 481
NH/PI and some other race(s): 78

RHYMIS data should not be used to generate estimates for all runaway and homeless youth. RHYMIS data focus on youth who are served by federally funded programs under the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act.

Arlene Calabro, RHYMIS Support
acalabro@csc.com
(954) 472-4122
Computer Sciences Corporation
15245 Shady Grove Road
Rockville, MD 20850

The estimates are not direct counts from enumerations or administrative records, nor direct estimates from sample surveys. Data from those sources are not adequate to provide intercensal estimates for all counties. Instead, the relationship between income or poverty and tax and program data for the states and a subset of counties are modeled using estimates of income or poverty from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS). The modeled relationships are then used to develop estimates for all states and counties. For school districts, the model-based county estimates and the decennial census distribution of the population in poverty of each county across its constituent school districts are used to create the estimates.

School district data are available for 1995, 1997, and 1999 2003.

Telephone:
For general questions about SAIPE, contact the Statistical Information Staff of the Data Integration Division at this phone number: (301) 763-3242.

Location of the actual data:
The data are available at the following website: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/tables.html
These data are also available via DataFerrett

1. Evaluation of School District Poverty Estimates: Predictive Models using IRS Income Tax Data. Jerry J. Maples and William R. Bell, Bureau of the Census, Washington DC 20233. (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/asapaper/asa05finalmaples.pdf)

2. Using Medicaid Participant Data in the Estimation of County Poverty Levels. David S. Powers, U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Estimates Branch, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, Room 1451, Building 3. (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/asapaper/asa2005dpowers.pdf)

3. Estimating School District Poverty with Free and Reduced Lunch Data. Craig Cruse and David Powers, U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Estimates Branch, Room 1451-3. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/publications.html.

• White
• Black
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian or Pacific Islander (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Native Hawaiian, Korean, ...others).
• Hispanic/Latino

Although AI/AN are well-represented in the database, the three states (AZ, CA, and AK) for which data for AI/AN are primarily collected are not necessarily representative of all AI/AN, since there is evidence that cancer incidence may be different in geographically distinct AI/AN populations.

Information on SEER public use data is available at the following website: http://seer.cancer.gov/publicdata/

Questions can be addressed to: seerweb@imsweb.com.

Variables describe each facility, including capacity, number of adult inmates, number of juveniles held, number of inmates held by sex and conviction status, number of admissions and discharges in the last 30 days, number of inmate deaths, the peak population during June, facility crowding, and renovation and building plans. The 2004 survey also collected information on inmate health services and programs available to inmates including information on four infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis. Additional new information included inmate medical and mental health services, suicide prevention, substance dependency programs, domestic violence counseling, sex offender treatment, educational programs, and inmate work assignments.

Questions for the Bureau of Justice Statistics should be mailed to:
Todd Minton
Statistician
Corrections Statistics Program
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh St, NW
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 305-9630

Data for 1998-2001 can be downloaded at http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/NACJD-SERIES/00158.xml. Data for 2002, 2003, and 2004 were not yet available as this catalog was being prepared.

• White
• Black
• American Indian (AI), Aleut or Eskimo
• Asian or Pacific Islander

• 1997 SPD: 81.7%
• 1998 SPD: 85.0%
• 1999 SPD: 85.2%
• 2000 SPD: 79.7% (Including non-interviewed households from the 1997 list)
• 2001 SPD: 74.1% (Including non-interviewed households from the 1997 list and the 1992-1993 SIPP)
• 2002 SPD: 65.1%

The sample size for the 1997 SPD was 34,609 households. Census field representatives interviewed 30,125 households. At any given point in time, a household was eligible to be interviewed if it contained an original sample member (age 15 or older). The number of eligible households fluctuated from round to round of interviewing because of household formation and dissolution  and because original sample members move from one (previously eligible) household to another (previously ineligible) household.

Questions about the SPD should be addressed to: dsd.survey.program.dynamics@census.gov

Since 1996, federally recognized American Indian Tribes and Alaska Native organizations have been allowed to operate their own TANF programs and serve tribal members who would otherwise be served by the state in which they live. As of Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 years end, 51 Tribal TANF plans were approved to operate on behalf of 237 tribes and Alaska Native villages. American Indian and Alaska Native families not served by Tribal TANF programs continue to be served by state TANF programs. The Tribal TANF database includes demographic characteristics of families receiving assistance under Tribal TANF.

For reporting purposes, the TANF family means a) all individuals receiving assistance as part of a family under the states TANF Program; and b) the following additional persons living in the household, if not included under a) above: 1) parent(s) or caretaker relative(s) of any minor child receiving assistance; 2) minor siblings of any child receiving assistance; and 3) any person whose income or resources would be counted in determining the familys eligibility for or amount of assistance.

For Tribal TANF, tribes administering their own TANF program have great flexibility in program design and implementation. They can define such elements of their programs as the service area; service population, including the definition of family; time limits; benefits and services; and work activities.

The intent of this data element is to capture the multiplicity of race and ethnicity characteristics applicable to each person. States/tribes should code at least one of the race categories YES in addition to coding ethnicity.

The provided race/ethnicity categories include:

Ethnicity:

• Hispanic or Latino

Race:

• American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• White

Active Cases
AI/AN: 9,718
NH/PI: 1,711

Closed Cases
AI/AN: 3,001
NH/PI: 653

In 2002 there were 9,983 families receiving Tribal TANF assistance in total. The numbers for the 2004 database have not been released yet.

Researchers interested in working with Tribal TANF data should contact the Tribal TANF acting director Bob Shelbourne at (202) 401-5150; Raymond Apodaca, Tribal TANF Team Leader at (202) 401-5150; Ann Bowker, Native Employment Works (NEW) Program at (202) 401-5308; or Gerald Joireman, TANF Data at (202) 401-5097, email: gjoireman@acf.hhs.gov.

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/PI)
• Some Other Race (this category is not read or displayed to the respondent)

Responses to the race item are recoded into multiple race categories for analytic purposes:

• AI/AN Only
• NH/PI Only
• White/AI/AN
• White/NH/PI
• Black/AI/AN Black/NH/PI
• AI/AN/Asian
• Asian/NH/PI
• White/Black/AI/AN
• White/AI/AN/Asian
• White/Asian/NH/PI
• White/Black/AI/AN/Asian

February 2003 (N = 68,954)
AI/AN Only: 786 self & proxy, 582 self only
NH/PI Only: 218 self & proxy, 152 self only
White/AI/AN: 660 self & proxy, 552 self only
White/NH: 52 self & proxy, 34 self only
Black/AI/AN: 71 self & proxy, 59 self only
Black/NH/PI: 3 self & proxy, 2 self only
AI/AN/Asian: 8 self & proxy, 3 self only
Asian/NH/PI: 36 self & proxy, 23 self only
White/Black/AI/AN: 29 self & proxy, 21 self only
White/AI/AN/Asian: 1 self & proxy, 1 self only
White/Asian/NH/PI: 1 self & proxy, 1 self only
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 2 self & proxy, 2 self only

June 2003 (N = 89,864)
AI/AN Only: 963 self & proxy, 739 self only
NH/PI Only: 254 self & proxy,164 self only
White/AI/AN: 784 self & proxy, 629 self only
White/NH: 72 self & proxy, 46 self only
Black/AI/AN: 59 self & proxy, 46 self only
Black/NH/PI: 3 self & proxy, 1 self only
AI/AN/Asian: 3 self & proxy, 3 self only
Asian/NH/PI: 72 self & proxy, 36 self only
White/Black/AI/AN: 40 self & proxy, 34 self only
White/AI/AN/Asian: 5 self & proxy, 4 self only
White/Asian/NH/PI: 6 self & proxy, 3 self only
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 0 respondents

November 2003 (N = 90,802)
AI/AN Only: 931 self & proxy, 672 self only
NH/PI Only: 222 self & proxy, 142 self only
White/AI/AN: 827 self & proxy, 629 self only
White/NH: 58 self & proxy, 28 self only
Black/AI/AN: 72 self & proxy, 55 self only
Black/NH/PI: 3 self & proxy, 2 self only
AI/AN/Asian: 5 self & proxy, 2 self only
Asian/NH/PI: 90 self & proxy, 54 self only
White/Black/AI/AN: 36 self & proxy, 24 self only
White/AI/AN/Asian: 3 self & proxy, 1 self only
White/Asian/NH/PI: 7 self & proxy, 5 self only
White/Black/AI/AN/Asian: 0 respondents

Over the next 10 years, NCI plans to conduct the TUS-CPS triennially, alternating between a core questionnaire intended for monitoring purposes (similar to the questionnaire used throughout the 1990s) and more specific Special Topics questionnaires that target tobacco-related issues of particular interest to researchers. NCI and CDC will be co-sponsoring the supplements. The next round of core TUS-CPS supplements is being fielded in May 2006, August 2006, and January 2007.

Although multiple years of TUS-CPS data are available, in 2003 significant changes were made to the race/ethnicity questions in the CPS. In 2003, respondents were able to select more than one race when answering the survey. This change in wording does not impact smoking estimates and trends calculated for the entire nation from the TUS-CPS, but it could potentially impact smoking estimates and trends calculated by race/ethnicity. NCI has developed a method to construct single-race estimates using data from the post-2003 TUS-CPS. The method is useful when trends over time are being examined for single race groups using both pre-2003 and post-2003 data. More information is available in the report Bridging Estimates by Race for the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey  (TUS-CPS) (http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/race_bridging.pdf) which describes the method and gives an initial assessment of the usefulness of the race adjustment.

Instructions for ordering the TUS-CPS data files are available on the NCI website at: http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/studies/tus-cps/info.html

• Alaska Native (Aleut, Eskimo, Indian) (AN)
• American Indian (Other than Alaskan Natives) (AI)
• Asian or Pacific Islander
• Black
• White
• Other Single Race
• Two or More Races

• The way an admission is defined may vary from state to state such that the absolute number of admissions is not a valid measure for comparing states.
• The number and client mix of TEDS records depends, to some extent, on external factors, including the availability of public funds. In states with higher funding levels, a larger percentage of the substance-abusing population may be admitted to publicly-funded treatment, including the less severely impaired and the less economically disadvantaged.
• Public funding constraints may direct states to selectively target special populations. For example, pregnant women or adolescents may be more likely to receive treatment. The representations of these populations in the data may vary accordingly.
• States vary in the extent to which coercion plays a role in referral to treatment. This variation derives from criminal justice practices and differing concentrations of abuser subpopulations.
• TEDS consists of treatment admissions, and therefore may include multiple admissions for the same client. Thus, any statistics derived from the data will represent admissions, not clients. It is possible for clients to have multiple initial admissions within a state and even within providers that have multiple treatment sites within the state. TEDS provides a national snapshot of what is seen at admission for treatment, but is currently not designed to follow individual clients through a sequence of treatment episodes.

Data can be accessed at: http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/SAMHDA-SERIES/00056.xml