Content by Keyword: Science and Technology

There are certain key differences between the processes of developing and manufacturing a vaccine and producing a new drug that serve as additional barriers to vaccine development.  For one thing, vaccines are generally derived from living pathogenic organisms which are more complex in terms of their molecular structures and the processes needed

It is traditionally argued that the existence and use of vaccines creates a positive externality, meaning that vaccination not only prevents the inoculated individuals from getting sick; it also reduces the likelihood that any non-vaccinated individuals around them will get sick. 15   While this is a beneficial characteristic of vaccination, it a

From a public health standpoint, development of vaccines that effectively prevent illness caused by infectious agents is an attractive alternative or complement to developing drugs that treat those diseases, as it may reduce the need for consumption of antibacterial drugs and thus slow the development of antibacterial drug resistance. Vaccines for

Figure 6 presents the estimated social EPVs by indication for a new antibacterial drug.  Comparison of the social EPV values to private ENPV shows that the social EPV is significantly higher than private ENPV for all of the indications.  Interestingly, HABP/VABP, the indication with the lowest private ENPV (-$4 million) has the highest estimated

Total Number of Cases that Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that Result in Death Using the Compressed Mortality File, we estimated the number of deaths attributable to CIAI to be 14,136 in 2008, or 4.65 per 100,000 population.  Applying this rate to 2011 population estimates yields a total of 14,554 deaths attributed to CIAI in 2011. QALYs Lost

Total Number of Cases that Result in Death According to mortality data obtained from the NVSR, there were 50,774 deaths attributed to pneumonia in 2009; this is equal to a mortality rate of 16.5 per 100,000 population, which is equivalent to 51,683 deaths in 2011 (U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, 2010). QALYs Lost

Total Number of Cases that Result in Death We estimated the number of deaths attributable to ABSSSI to be 1,868 in 2008, or 0.61 per 100,000 population.  Applying this rate to 2011 population estimates yields a total of 1,923 deaths attributed to ABSSSI in 2011. QALYs Lost

As discussed previously, we assumed the annual number of deaths due to ABOM to be zero. Therefore, the VSL-based mortality costs were assumed to be null.

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death Assessing the incidence of CUTI is difficult because urinary tract infection is not a reportable disease in the United States (Foxman, 2002).  Total number of cases per year was obtained from the literature on urinary tract infections.  We estimated cases of community-acquired CUTI separat

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death

Total Number of Cases that do not Result in Death

To calculate VSL, we first took the value of a statistical life reported in 2000 dollars by age group from Aldy & Viscusi (2008).  Next, it was necessary to adjust the VSL values by age group to capture changes in real income as well as prices from 2000 to 2011.  Current data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) show that the real