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THE IMPACT OF REIMBURSEMENT POLICIES AND

The Impact of Reimbursement Policies and Practices on Healthcare Technology Innovation

It is widely accepted that reimbursement policies and practices are important considerations in the research and development (R&D) decisions of potential innovators of healthcare technologies, and the investors who finance them. The decision by a public program or health plan to subsidize use of a technology (often referred to as a coverage dec
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Personalized Health Care Expert Panel Meeting:

Personalized Health Care Expert Panel Meeting: Summary Report

Contents Demonstrating Clinical Validity and Utility Demonstrating Value Reducing Health Disparities Educating and Engaging Providers and Consumers Using Databases to Build Evidence, Inform Decisions  
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Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development

Pharmaceutical companies conduct clinical trials for many reasons. The most obvious goal of clinical trials is to demonstrate safety and efficacy to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. FDA provides guidance to developers about what constitutes acceptable clinical trials and appropriate outcomes. Improving the drug development process
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Analytical Framework for Examining the Value of

Analytical Framework for Examining the Value of Antibacterial Products

Antibacterial resistance is a growing global problem. At least 2 million people in the U.S. acquire serious infections with bacteria that are resistant to one or more of antibacterial drugs designed to treat it. Despite the potential of new antibacterial products to reduce the social burden associated with resistant infections, development of an
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Health Care Cost Containment and Medical

Health Care Cost Containment and Medical Innovation

Containing the costs of health care can be useful to government, employer, and household budgets, but it may have a detrimental impact on innovation, since health care costs are the main source of revenue for medical innovators. Developers seek profits and so are attracted to industries and innovate where they believe profits can be made. Policies
From: Health Care Cost Containment and Medical Innovation
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Web-based Information Exchange and Information

Web-based Information Exchange and Information Services Concept to Support the Exchange of Newborn Screening Information

State newborn screening (NBS) programs for heritable diseases and conditions provide vital health information that enables prevention and early detection of rare genetic conditions. Information management of the screening laboratory test orders and the reporting of laboratory is substantial challenge based on a variety of factors. Advances in he
From: Web-based Information Exchange and Information Services Concept to Support the Exchange of Newborn Screening Information
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Identifying Opportunities to Maximize the Utility

Identifying Opportunities to Maximize the Utility of Genomics Research Data Through Electronic Health Information Exchange

This report is a summary of the presentations and discussions at the workshop held by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, the National Cancer Institute, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Office of the National Coordination for Health Information Technology on October 15, 2009.
From: Identifying Opportunities to Maximize the Utility of Genomics Research Data Through Electronic Health Information Exchange
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Developing a Framework to Guide Genomic Data

Developing a Framework to Guide Genomic Data Sharing and Reciprocal Benefits to Developing Countries and Indigenous Peoples: A Colloquium

The O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law invited twelve thought leaders with extensive experience in the conduct of biomedical research among indigenous peoples and developing countries to a colloquium at Georgetown University on January 7-8, 2009. The colloquium addressed a basic question: as genomic science develops across the w
From: Developing a Framework to Guide Genomic Data Sharing and Reciprocal Benefits to Developing Countries and Indigenous Peoples: A Colloquium
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Personalized Health Care Expert Panel Meeting:

Personalized Health Care Expert Panel Meeting: Summary Report

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) commissioned the Lewin Group to convene an Expert Panel on Personalized Health Care (PHC) for a one-day meeting to provide input to the Office of the Secretary, HHS, toward realizing the integration of PHC into clinical and public health practice. The Expert Panel identified
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Response of the Department of Health and Human

Response of the Department of Health and Human Services to NBAC's Report Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance

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E.4 ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO CLINICAL TRIALS

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.4 Analysis of Barriers to Clinical Trials

In selecting barriers to analyze in the context of the clinical trial decision-making model developed, we considered whether each proposed strategy could be alleviated by policies, whether the appropriate policies could be implemented or encouraged by FDA, and whether there was evidence in the literature that could be used to quantify the potentia
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E.3.9 Barriers Related to the Globalization of

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.9 Barriers Related to the Globalization of Clinical Research

The clinical research footprint is shifting overseas. There are a number of factors, including cost savings and shorter timelines, driving this shift and making it cheaper and easier to conduct trials outside the U.S. Ethical and scientific concerns may arise when conducting studies in other countries. Conducting trials at multiple sites
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E.3.8 Barriers at Academic Institutions

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.8 Barriers at Academic Institutions

Sponsors might be compelled to select academic centers as sites due to the presence of key opinion leaders or specific patient populations. Ethical and Regulatory Requirements Academic institutions can take their responsibility to provide ethical and regulatory oversight to extremes and create excessive barriers to conducting clinical trial
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E.3.7 Disconnect Between Clinical Research and

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.7 Disconnect Between Clinical Research and Medical Care

Community physicians are largely uninvolved in the clinical research process. Many healthcare professionals do not receive training in research methods.  
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E.3.6 Drug Sponsor-Imposed Barriers

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.6 Drug Sponsor-Imposed Barriers

Excessive risk-aversion leads to unnecessary steps being taken. In multicenter trials, uncertainty and inconsistent enrollment success across sites creates a need to over-enroll and plan trials “defensively.” Internal review processes for organizations conducting/sponsoring clinical trials can delay a trial’s start.
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E.3.5 Regulatory and Administrative Barriers

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.5 Regulatory and Administrative Barriers

U.S. regulations pertaining to clinical research could benefit from revisions. They were written at a time when the clinical trials enterprise was smaller and before multicenter trials became common. Ethical / Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval (21 CFR 56) There is often a lack of clarity regarding the roles and responsibilities of v
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E.3.4 Increasing Competition for Qualified

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.4 Increasing Competition for Qualified Investigators and Sites

According to some, there is a shortage of biostatisticians and informaticists across academic medicine, industry, and government; others say researchers exist but are difficult to find, often due to competition. There is more widespread agreement that there is a shortage of investigators who can enroll high-quality patients. There is also compe
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E.3.3 Difficulties in Recruiting and Retaining

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.3 Difficulties in Recruiting and Retaining Participants

Patient recruitment requires a substantial investment of time and money. Failure to recruit can cause costly delays or trial cancellation, wasting resources. There is competition for limited patient pools for certain conditions, such as rare cancers and multiple sclerosis. Clinical trial sites are often selected based on the location of i
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E.3.2 Lengthy Timelines

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.2 Lengthy Timelines

According to one study, the average length of time from the start of clinical testing to marketing is 90.3 months (7.5 years). Longer timelines increase costs and decrease revenues. Longer studies are needed to see if any safety issues arise when drugs are taken long-term to manage chronic diseases. The “one-off” nature of trial organ
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E.3.1 High Financial Cost

Examination of Clinical Trial Costs and Barriers for Drug Development. E.3.1 High Financial Cost

Studies estimate that it now costs somewhere between $161 million and $2 billion to bring a new drug to market.

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