Report on Welfare Indicators and Risk Factors/Indicators of Welfare Dependence

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 1997. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 1. Labor Force Attachment

This risk factor focuses exclusively on the participation of an adult in the labor market, without regard to whether means-tested assistance was received concurrently. Measuring labor force attachment reflects a critical aspect of the risk of dependence. Figure WORK 1. Percent of All Individual in Families with One or More Workers, 1993

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 1997. Economic Security Risk Factor 13. Adult Incarceration

This risk factor tracks trends in the extent to which adults are living apart from their children because they are incarcerated. An incarcerated parent leaves his/her family at increased risk of dependence. Figure ECON 13. Estimated Number of Sentenced Male Prisoners Under State or Federal Jurisdiction per 100,000 Resident Population

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 1997. Economic Security Risk Factor 12. Residential Mobility

Frequent changes of residence are disruptive events for children and may increase the risk of dependence. Figure ECON 12. Percent of Individuals and Families who Moved in a Given One-Year Period

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 1997. Economic Security Risk Factor11. Percent Residing in High-Poverty Neighborhoods

High poverty neighborhoods are often associated with relatively lower quality services (e.g., education, medical) that can have a negative effect on development and increase the risk of dependence. Figure ECON 11. Percent of Children Residing in High-Povetry Neighborhoods, 1990

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 1997. Economic Security Risk Factor 10. Health Insurance

A lack of health insurance may be the precursor to future health problems and as such a risk-factor of dependence. Figure ECON 10. Percent of Persons Without Health Insurance by Age, 1996

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was established by the Social Security Act of 1935 as a grant program to enable states to provide cash welfare payments for needy children who had been deprived of parental support or care because their father or mother was absent from the home, incapacitated, deceased, or unemployed. All 50 states, t

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Program Data

The Welfare Indicators Act of 1994 specifies that the annual welfare indicators reports shall include analyses of families and individuals receiving assistance under three means-tested benefit programs: the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program authorized under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (replaced with the Tempo

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Appendices

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Non-marital Birth Risk Factor 4. Never-married Family Status

Figure BIRTH 4. Percentage of All Children Living in Families with a Never-Married Female Head, by Race/Ethnicity: 1982-2003

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Non-marital Birth Risk Factor 3. Unmarried Teen Birth Rates Within Age Groups

Figure BIRTH 3a. Births per 1,000 Unmarried Teens Ages 15 to 17, by Race: 1960-2002 Figure BIRTH 3b. Births per 1,000 Unmarried Teens Ages 18 and 19, by Race: 1960-2002

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Non-marital Birth Risk Factor 2. Births to Unmarried Teens

Figure BIRTH 2. Percentage of All Births to Unmarried Teens Ages 15 to 19, by Race and Ethnicity 1940-2002

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Non-marital Birth Risk Factor 1. Births to Unmarried Women

Figure BIRTH 1. Percentage of Births to Unmarried Women, by Age Group: 1940-2002

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Non-Marital Birth Risk Factors

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 7. Adult and Child Disability

Figure WORK 7. Percentage of the Non-Elderly Population Reporting a Disability, by Age and Race/Ethnicity: 2002 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 6. Adult Alcohol and Substance Abuse

Figure WORK 6. Percentage of Adults Who Used Cocaine or Marijuana or Abused Alcohol, by Age: 2002 Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 5. High-school Dropout Rates

Figure WORK 5. Percentage of Students Enrolled in Grades 10 to 12 in the Previous Year Who Were Not Enrolled and Had Not Graduated in the Survey Year, by Race/Ethnicity: Selected Years

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 4. Educational Attainment

Figure WORK 4. Percentage of Adults Age 25 and Over, by Level of Educational Attainment: 1960-2002

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 3. Earnings of Low-skilled Workers

Figure WORK 3. Mean Weekly Wages of Women and Men Working Full-Time, Full-Year with No More than a High School Education, by Race (2002 Dollars): Selected Years

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 2. Employment Among the Low-skilled

Figure WORK 2. Percentage of All Persons Ages 18 to 65 with No More than a High School Education Who Were Employed: 1969-2002 Source: ASPE tabulations of March CPS data.

Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2004. Employment and Work-related Risk Factor 1. Labor Force Attachment

Figure WORK 1. Percentage of Individuals in Families with Labor Force Participants, by Race/Ethnicity: 2002 Source: Unpublished tabulations of March CPS data.

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