Mental Disability/Illness

Serious Mental Illness and Prolonged Youth Homelessness

Research about adults experiencing chronic homelessness shows a relationship with serious mental illness. This brief aims to explore whether this same intersection between prolonged homelessness and serious mental illness exists among youth. Generally we found that not much is known about the relationship between serious mental illness and prolo

SMIProlongedYouthHomelessness.pdf
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Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. Reference List

1. Health Care Financing Administration(now known as Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS)). National health expenditures projections. 1999. 2. National health expenditures aggregate amounts and average annual percent change, by type of expenditure: selected calendar years 1960-97. Accessed November 17, 1999. Web Page. Availab

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. Appendix C. Interview Respondents

Stakeholder Group Interviews Completed Request for Interview Refused or Unable to Schedule Federal Government Health Care Financing Administration(now known as Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS)) Indian Health Service Navajo Region Department of Defense (DoD) Pharmaco-Economic Center Mental Hea

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. J. Consumer Advocay Associations

Two consumer associations, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) and the National Mental Health Association (NMHA), were selected because of their national presence in the mental health field. Additionally, NAMI specializes in advocating for consumers who suffer from schizophrenia and their families. These two organizations' perspectiv

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. I. Professional Associations

Two professional associations, the American Psychiatric Association (APA), which represents psychiatrists, and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), which represents family physicians, were identified to participate in this study.

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. H. Corrections System

The corrections system was selected as an interview type because of the documented mental illness of the population it serves. More specifically, New York's correctional system was identified through expert recommendations as an appropriate interview target because it is well-known for instituting a progressive and innovative prison system statewi

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. G. State Mental Health Systems

The following criteria were used to identify four public sector mental health systems to be interviewed:

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. F. Federal and State Programs (HCFA(now known as CMS), IHS, CHAMPUS, VA, Medicaid)

The Health Care Financing Administration(now known as Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS)) (HCFA(now known as CMS)) and the Indian Health Service (IHS) were automatically selected without the use of specific criteria in order to provide a necessary background behind federally-operated and state- or tribally-administered public insuranc

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. E. Employers

In order to gain an industry-wide perspective on the approach to behavioral health and pharmacy benefits, The Lewin Group interviewed the William Mercer Corporation. As a result, the following criteria were identified as necessary characteristics of the employers selected for this study:

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. D. Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers

The following criteria were used to select the pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) interviewed: National or regional market presence; Independently operated or carved out from other entity; and Linked to other interview respondent type (i.e., employer, Medicaid program). As a result, five PBMs were identified and interviewed: Value Rx/Expre

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. C. Large Integrated HMOs

In order to examine a more typical arrangement, The Lewin Group decided to focus on integrated health maintenance organizations (HMOs) for this study. Consequently, The Lewin Group identified participants based on the following criteria:

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. B. Managed Behavioral Health Care Organizations

The criteria used to select three managed behavioral health care organizations (MBHCOs) for this study included:

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. A. Pharmaceutical Companies

Pharmaceutical manufacturers were selected based on the following criteria: 1) medium to large size company; and 2) company has current products and products in development in the area of newer atypical antidepressants and/or antipsychotics. As a result, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and GlaxoWellcome (GW) were selected. (1) GW and Eli Lilly

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. Appendix B. Interview Strategy

This study focused on identifying and interviewing individuals from a variety of organizations or programs represented by the following perspectives:

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. Appendix A. Interview Protocol

The following document displays a generic form of the interview protocol used in this study. Please note that this template was tailored specifically for the type of respondent being interviewed.

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. Appendixes

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. E. The Changing Role of Managed Care

Resistance to managed care has centered on the restriction of patients' choice of plan and provider; on plans' denial of services or reimbursement; and on plans' continual reduction of provider reimbursement rates. Both Congress and most state legislatures continue to consider Patients' Bill of Rights legislation as a way to ensure some level of q

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. D. Mental Health Parity Legislation: Promise and Threat

Debate continues to rage over guaranteed "parity" in insurance benefits for mental health treatment. Generally, insurers and employers resist parity along with all mandates. Advocates promote parity as a matter of equity for people who happen to suffer from a mental rather than physical form of illness, and also argue that such coverage would incr

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. C. Three-Tiered Copayment Requirements: Placing Greater Choice in the Hands of Consumers at a Cost

The introduction of three-tiered copayment systems represents a significant shift in how cost-sharing is applied to pharmaceutical benefits. Alongside a general increase in the level of cost-sharing required, these systems give a higher level of choice to the consumer in making pharmacotherapy decisions. Whereas in the past, the only diffe

Access and Utilization of New Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications. B. The Changing Meaning of the Formulary

The formularies used by health care payers is changing from a list of approved drugs that can be reimbursed to a list of preferred drugs that will be reimbursed automatically without question or paperwork. Rarely is reimbursement denied for a non-formulary drug if the consumer or provider is persistent. However, the extent to which this "hassle fa

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