APPENDIX F. DATA ON EMPLOYMENT, EARNINGS, AND UNEMPLOYMENT The following tables and charts provide additional data on unemployment and the Unemployment Compensation Program. TABLE F-1.--SEASONALLY ADJUSTED MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, 1970-96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Avg. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970............................................ 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.1 4.9 1971............................................ 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.9 1972............................................ 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.6 1973............................................ 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.9 1974............................................ 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.9 6.0 6.6 7.2 5.6 1975............................................ 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.5 1976............................................ 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.7 1977............................................ 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.4 7.1 1978............................................ 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 1979............................................ 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 1980............................................ 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.9 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.1 1981............................................ 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.5 7.6 1982............................................ 8.6 8.9 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.8 9.8 10.1 10.4 10.8 10.8 9.7 1983............................................ 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.1 9.4 9.5 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.3 9.6 1984............................................ 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.5 1985............................................ 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.2 1986............................................ 6.7 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.6 7.0 1987............................................ 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.7 6.2 1988............................................ 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 1989............................................ 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 1990............................................ 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.3 5.6 1991............................................ 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.8 1992............................................ 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 1993............................................ 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.9 1994............................................ 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.4 6.1 1995............................................ 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 1996............................................ 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. TABLE F-2.--STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNDER THE UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM, 1990-96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year 1996, by quarter ------------------------------------------------------- 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 I II III IV ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama................................................. 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 Alaska.................................................. 5.5 6.2 6.4 5.5 6.0 5.5 7.5 5.7 3.8 5.1 Arizona................................................. 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.2 Arkansas................................................ 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 3.7 2.7 2.4 2.7 California.............................................. 3.0 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 Colorado................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 Connecticut............................................. 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.5 2.2 Delaware............................................... 1.4 2.3 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.9 1.8 2.1 2.2 District of Columbia................................... 1.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 Florida................................................. 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 Georgia................................................. 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.2 Hawaii.................................................. 1.2 1.6 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 Idaho................................................... 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.2 4.7 3.0 2.0 2.5 Illinois................................................ 2.4 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.3 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 Indiana................................................. 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 Iowa.................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 Kansas.................................................. 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 Kentucky................................................ 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 Louisiana............................................... 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 Maine................................................... 3.4 5.0 4.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 4.1 3.0 2.1 2.2 Maryland................................................ 1.9 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 Massachusetts........................................... 3.8 4.4 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 Michigan................................................ 3.2 4.1 3.6 2.9 2.4 2.2 3.4 2.3 1.9 2.0 Minnesota............................................... 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.3 Mississippi............................................. 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.1 Missouri................................................ 2.4 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 Montana................................................. 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 4.5 2.9 2.0 2.6 Nebraska................................................ 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 Nevada.................................................. 2.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 New Hampshire........................................... 2.2 3.0 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 New Jersey.............................................. 3.0 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 4.0 3.1 3.1 2.8 New Mexico.............................................. 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 New York................................................ 2.7 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.4 North Carolina.......................................... 1.9 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 North Dakota............................................ 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.3 0.9 1.1 Ohio.................................................... 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 Oklahoma................................................ 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 Oregon.................................................. 3.2 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.3 4.2 3.3 2.9 3.0 Pennsylvania............................................ 3.1 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 4.5 3.3 3.0 2.7 Puerto Rico............................................. 5.1 5.9 6.4 6.6 7.0 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.1 5.3 Rhode Island............................................ 4.5 5.5 5.0 4.0 4.6 4.6 5.8 4.4 3.9 3.4 South Carolina.......................................... 1.9 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 South Dakota............................................ 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 Tennessee............................................... 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 Texas................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 Utah.................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 Vermont................................................. 3.2 4.3 4.0 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.8 3.0 2.0 2.3 Virginia................................................ 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 Virgin Islands.......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.9 3.2 2.7 4.0 2.0 1.6 2.0 Washington.............................................. 3.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.8 3.6 3.1 3.3 West Virginia........................................... 2.9 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 4.4 2.9 2.3 2.5 Wisconsin............................................... 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.2 3.5 2.2 1.8 1.9 Wyoming................................................. 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 3.0 2.1 1.3 1.7 ------------------------------------------------------- United States....................................... 2.4 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. TABLE F-3.--UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY SEX, AGE, RACE, AND EXPERIENCE, 1976-96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- By sex and age By race By selected groups Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (all Both Experienced Married Period civilian Men 20 Women 20 sexes 16- Black and wage and men, Women who workers) years years 19 years White Black other \1\ salary spouse maintain and over and over workers present families -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1976........................................ 7.7 5.9 7.4 19.0 7.0 14.0 13.1 7.3 4.2 10.1 1977........................................ 7.1 5.2 7.0 17.8 6.2 14.0 13.1 6.6 3.6 9.4 1978........................................ 6.1 4.3 6.0 16.4 5.2 12.8 11.9 5.6 2.8 8.5 1979........................................ 5.8 4.2 5.7 16.1 5.1 12.3 11.3 5.5 2.8 8.3 1980........................................ 7.1 5.9 6.4 17.8 6.3 14.3 13.1 6.9 4.2 9.2 1981........................................ 7.6 6.3 6.8 19.6 6.7 15.6 14.2 7.3 4.3 10.4 1982........................................ 9.7 8.8 8.3 23.2 8.6 18.9 17.3 9.3 6.5 11.7 1983........................................ 9.6 8.9 8.1 22.4 8.4 19.5 17.8 9.2 6.5 12.2 1984........................................ 7.5 6.6 6.8 18.9 6.5 15.9 14.4 7.1 4.6 10.3 1985........................................ 7.2 6.2 6.6 18.6 6.2 15.1 13.7 6.8 4.3 10.4 1986........................................ 7.0 6.1 6.2 18.3 6.0 14.5 13.1 6.6 4.4 9.8 1987........................................ 6.2 5.4 5.4 16.9 5.3 13.0 11.6 5.8 3.9 9.2 1988........................................ 5.5 4.8 4.9 15.3 4.7 11.7 10.4 5.2 3.3 8.1 1989........................................ 5.3 4.5 4.7 15.0 4.5 11.4 10.0 5.0 3.0 8.1 1990........................................ 5.6 5.0 4.9 15.5 4.8 11.4 10.1 5.3 3.4 8.3 1991........................................ 6.8 6.4 5.7 18.7 6.1 12.5 11.1 6.6 4.4 9.3 1992........................................ 7.5 7.1 6.3 20.1 6.6 14.2 12.7 7.2 5.1 10.0 1993........................................ 6.9 6.4 5.9 19.0 6.1 13.0 11.7 6.6 4.4 9.7 1994........................................ 6.1 5.4 5.4 17.6 5.3 11.5 10.5 5.9 3.7 8.9 1995........................................ 5.6 4.8 4.9 17.3 4.9 10.4 9.6 5.4 3.3 8.0 1996........................................ 5.4 4.6 4.8 16.7 4.7 10.5 9.3 5.2 3.0 8.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ ``Other'' includes: American Samoans, Native Americans, Asians, and Black Hispanics. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. TABLE F-4.--UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY DURATION OF AND REASON FOR UNEMPLOYMENT, 1977-95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent distribution of unemployment by Percent distribution of unemployment by duration \1\ reason \1\ Unemployment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period (thousands) Less than 5 5-14 15-26 27 weeks Job Job Reentrants New weeks weeks weeks and over losers leavers entrants -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1977............................................. 6,991 41.8 30.5 13.1 14.7 45.3 13.0 28.1 13.6 1978............................................. 6,202 46.2 31.0 12.4 10.4 41.7 14.1 29.9 14.3 1979............................................. 6,137 48.1 31.7 11.5 8.7 42.9 14.3 29.4 13.3 1980............................................. 7,637 43.1 32.3 13.8 10.7 51.7 11.7 25.2 11.4 1981............................................. 8,273 41.7 30.7 13.6 14.0 51.6 11.2 25.4 11.9 1982............................................. 10,678 36.4 31.0 16.0 16.6 58.7 7.9 22.3 11.1 1983............................................. 10,717 33.3 27.4 15.4 23.9 58.4 7.7 22.5 11.3 1984............................................. 8,539 39.2 28.7 12.9 19.1 51.8 9.6 25.6 13.0 1985............................................. 8,312 42.1 30.2 12.3 15.4 49.8 10.6 27.1 12.5 1986............................................. 8,237 41.0 32.0 12.4 14.5 49.0 13.0 25.7 13.4 1987............................................. 7,425 43.7 29.6 12.7 14.0 48.0 13.0 26.6 12.4 1988............................................. 6,701 46.0 30.0 12.0 12.1 46.1 14.7 27.0 12.2 1989............................................. 6,528 48.6 30.3 11.2 9.9 45.7 15.7 28.2 10.4 1990............................................. 7,047 46.3 32.0 11.7 10.0 48.1 14.8 27.4 9.8 1991............................................. 8,628 40.3 32.3 14.4 12.9 54.4 11.6 24.8 9.1 1992............................................. 9,613 35.1 29.4 15.1 20.3 56.1 10.4 23.8 9.7 1993............................................. 8,940 36.5 28.9 14.5 20.1 54.2 10.9 24.6 10.3 1994............................................. 7,996 34.1 30.1 15.5 20.3 47.7 9.9 34.8 7.6 1995............................................. 7,404 36.5 31.6 14.7 17.3 46.9 11.1 34.1 7.8 1996............................................. 7,236 36.4 31.6 14.6 17.4 46.6 10.7 34.7 8.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Detail may not add to 100 percent because of rounding. Source: Office of the President (1997). Economic Report of the President. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. TABLE F-5.--STATE UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM EXHAUSTIONS BY MONTH--REGULAR BENEFITS, 1975-96 [In thousands] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1975........................... 229 230 278 369 406 438 487 413 370 350 291 336 4,195 1976........................... 332 295 326 305 273 282 263 254 239 212 231 251 3,262 1977........................... 261 251 290 265 242 254 215 234 198 183 192 192 2,776 1978........................... 211 184 201 192 193 176 151 158 138 133 144 149 2,030 1979........................... 184 160 193 185 195 162 169 166 140 161 159 162 2,037 1980........................... 215 201 220 259 251 246 298 256 254 292 259 319 3,072 1981........................... 309 275 291 289 246 244 247 215 207 200 201 265 2,989 1982........................... 258 267 341 362 338 378 360 365 351 347 384 424 4,175 1983........................... 421 394 470 431 398 383 336 341 264 244 249 248 4,180 1984........................... 269 245 251 245 243 198 213 212 163 197 183 188 2,607 1985........................... 238 207 228 253 235 194 235 205 182 208 180 214 2,579 1986........................... 290 208 2231 256 233 214 245 212 210 223 183 241 2,746 1987........................... 230 220 245 244 206 204 212 179 170 160 183 184 2,408 1988........................... 176 170 198 183 174 162 161 173 148 152 156 154 1,979 1989........................... 168 150 1761 166 174 162 161 173 148 152 156 154 1,940 1990........................... 203 169 191 197 208 184 208 202 169 198 190 205 2,324 1991........................... 265 228 261 306 314 277 350 316 276 303 260 314 3,472 1992........................... 359 303 343 366 326 335 358 312 295 278 256 306 3,838 1993........................... 293 265 305 289 249 269 270 268 252 237 245 262 3,204 1994........................... 270 240 282 268 265 261 252 262 217 215 226 220 2,977 1995........................... 251 209 240 227 237 217 227 230 190 212 212 209 2,662 1996........................... 267 224 230 267 243 207 259 215 195 212 185 233 2,739 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. TABLE F-6.--STATE UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM EXHAUSTIONS BY MONTH--EXTENDED BENEFITS, 1975-95 [In thousands] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1975............................. 52 40 100 161 207 228 245 245 271 294 258 286 2,398 1976............................. 366 215 244 253 190 197 175 178 180 174 187 178 2,536 1977............................. 177 166 187 177 159 170 141 92 94 137 137 137 1,774 1978............................. 126 66 50 45 49 49 50 38 23 30 12 10 549 1979............................. 11 10 13 15 31 19 13 12 11 14 12 11 172 1980............................. 24 15 18 28 74 66 67 64 139 208 147 189 1,039 1981............................. 169 128 134 117 95 90 48 21 23 15 14 11 862 1982............................. 9 14 38 114 134 193 128 121 126 126 93 94 1,188 1983............................. 91 95 128 153 156 120 44 23 11 7 6 6 840 1984............................. 7 6 7 6 12 3 1 (\1\) (\1\) 1 3 4 50 1985............................. 4 4 (\1\) 7 9 5 5 6 5 4 3 (\1\) 52 1986............................. 5 6 5 5 4 3 8 14 8 8 7 13 86 1987............................. 9 0 5 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 21 1988............................. 0 (\1\) (\1\) 1 1 (\1\) (\1\) 0 0 0 0 0 2 1989............................. (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) 1 (\1\) (\1\) 0 (\1\) 0 0 0 1 1990............................. (\1\) (\1\) 2 3 (\1\) 1 1 (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) 2 9 1991............................. 2 (\1\) (\1\) 3 13 39 16 5 3 4 1 (\1\) 86 1992............................. (\1\) (\1\) 1 1 5 4 4 1 (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) 17 1993............................. (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) 1 1994............................. 18 12 5 5 5 6 6 15 4 4 4 4 86 1995............................. 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 43 1996............................. 3 2 (\1\) 1 1 1 1 2 (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) (\1\) 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Less than 500. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. TABLE F-7.--U.S. AVERAGE WAGE REPLACEMENT RATE: RATIO OF AVERAGE WEEKLY BENEFIT AMOUNT TO AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE, 1971-96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- First Second Third Fourth Year quarter quarter quarter quarter Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1971.......................................................... NA NA NA NA 0.365 1972.......................................................... NA NA NA NA 0.361 1973.......................................................... NA NA NA NA 0.361 1974.......................................................... NA NA NA NA 0.365 1975.......................................................... 0.377 0.375 0.381 0.368 0.375 1976.......................................................... 0.390 0.374 0.368 0.359 0.373 1977.......................................................... 0.384 0.361 0.356 0.361 0.365 1978.......................................................... 0.383 0.360 0.359 0.359 0.365 1979.......................................................... 0.372 0.357 0.361 0.362 0.363 1980.......................................................... 0.376 0.376 0.373 0.350 0.369 1981.......................................................... 0.372 0.359 0.363 0.358 0.363 1982.......................................................... 0.381 0.378 0.383 0.373 0.379 1983.......................................................... 0.384 0.378 0.364 0.360 0.372 1984.......................................................... 0.358 0.355 0.358 0.352 0.356 1985.......................................................... 0.354 0.352 0.362 0.352 0.355 1986.......................................................... 0.356 0.361 0.369 0.353 0.360 1987.......................................................... 0.359 0.362 0.363 0.342 0.357 1988.......................................................... 0.357 0.357 0.351 0.333 0.350 1989.......................................................... 0.356 0.361 0.365 0.343 0.356 1990.......................................................... 0.361 0.370 0.373 0.346 0.362 1991.......................................................... 0.374 0.374 0.375 0.343 0.367 1992.......................................................... 0.371 0.372 0.368 0.369 0.370 1993.......................................................... 0.374 0.367 0.366 0.365 0.368 1994.......................................................... 0.368 0.366 0.356 0.360 0.362 1995.......................................................... 0.368 0.368 0.357 0.359 0.363 1996.......................................................... 0.369 0.359 0.343 0.355 0.357 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NA--Not available. Note.--Wage replacement rate is defined as the average weekly unemployment benefit divided by the average weekly wage for unemployed workers. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. TABLE F-8.--INDIVIDUALS UNEMPLOYED 27 WEEKS OR LONGER AS A PERCENT OF ALL UNEMPLOYED, 1971-96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ First Second Third Fourth Year quarter quarter quarter quarter ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1971............................ 8.7 11.1 11.0 10.8 1972............................ 12.1 13.5 10.8 9.8 1973............................ 8.6 8.5 7.0 7.4 1974............................ 6.8 8.3 7.5 7.1 1975............................ 8.7 14.8 18.7 19.1 1976............................ 19.7 20.1 16.7 16.3 1977............................ 15.5 16.5 13.6 12.9 1978............................ 11.1 11.8 10.1 8.7 1979............................ 9.0 9.5 8.1 8.3 1980............................ 8.3 9.9 11.1 13.5 1981............................ 15.3 15.0 13.7 12.3 1982............................ 13.0 16.7 17.1 19.4 1983............................ 23.2 26.3 23.8 21.9 1984............................ 21.0 21.0 17.7 16.5 1985............................ 15.8 16.4 14.7 14.7 1986............................ 13.8 15.0 14.6 14.2 1987............................ 14.0 15.1 13.9 12.9 1988............................ 12.3 12.9 11.7 11.1 1989............................ 10.4 10.5 9.0 9.6 1990............................ 9.5 10.2 10.4 10.2 1991............................ 10.8 12.9 13.6 14.9 1992............................ 17.9 21.4 21.8 21.4 1993............................ 20.4 20.2 20.3 20.7 1994............................ 20.8 20.5 19.8 20.0 1995............................ 18.2 17.3 16.7 16.9 1996............................ 17.0 18.0 18.0 16.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: Office of the President (various years). TABLE F-9.--RATIO OF INSURED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS TO ALL JOB LOSERS, 1968-95 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Insured unemployment Ratio: Insured -------------------------- unemployment to Job losers job losers Year (thousands) All Regular ------------------- programs programs All Regular (thousands) (thousands) programs programs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1968................................................. 1,070 1,187 1,111 110.9 103.8 1969................................................. 1,017 1,177 1,101 115.7 108.3 1970................................................. 1,811 2,070 1,805 114.3 99.7 1971................................................. 2,323 2,608 2,150 112.3 92.6 1972................................................. 2,108 2,192 1,848 104.0 87.7 1973................................................. 1,694 1,793 1,632 105.8 96.3 1974................................................. 2,242 2,558 2,262 114.1 100.9 1975................................................. 4,386 4,937 3,986 112.6 90.9 1976................................................. 3,679 3,846 2,991 104.5 81.3 1977................................................. 3,166 3,308 2,655 104.5 83.9 1978................................................. 2,585 2,645 2,359 102.3 91.3 1979................................................. 2,635 2,592 2,434 98.4 92.4 1980................................................. 3,947 3,837 3,350 97.2 84.9 1981................................................. 4,267 3,410 3,047 79.9 71.4 1982................................................. 6,268 4,592 4,059 73.3 64.8 1983................................................. 6,258 3,774 3,395 60.3 54.3 1984................................................. 4,421 2,560 2,475 57.9 56.0 1985................................................. 4,139 2,699 2,617 65.2 63.2 1986................................................. 4,033 2,739 2,643 67.9 65.5 1987................................................. 3,566 2,369 2,300 66.4 64.5 1988................................................. 3,092 2,135 2,081 69.0 67.3 1989................................................. 2,983 2,205 2,158 73.9 72.3 1990................................................. 3,387 2,575 2,522 76.0 74.5 1991................................................. 4,694 3,406 3,342 72.6 71.2 1992................................................. 5,389 3,348 3,245 62.1 60.2 1993................................................. 4,848 2,845 2,751 58.7 56.7 1994................................................. 3,815 2,746 2,670 72.0 70.0 1995................................................. 3,476 2,641 2,575 76.0 74.1 1996................................................. 3,370 2,654 2,594 78.8 77.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: Office of the President (1997). Economic Report of the President. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. TABLE F-10.--NET BALANCES IN STATE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACCOUNTS, 1960-96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance (in billions) ------------------------- End of calendar year Current 1996 dollars dollars \1\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1960.......................................... $6.4 $29.6 1961.......................................... 5.6 25.6 1962.......................................... 6.0 27.1 1963.......................................... 6.4 28.6 1964.......................................... 7.1 31.3 1965.......................................... 8.2 35.4 1966.......................................... 9.7 40.7 1967.......................................... 10.7 43.5 1968.......................................... 11.7 45.6 1969.......................................... 12.6 46.9 1970.......................................... 11.9 42.1 1971.......................................... 9.7 32.6 1972.......................................... 9.4 30.3 1973.......................................... 10.9 33.3 1974.......................................... 10.5 29.4 1975.......................................... 3.1 7.9 1976.......................................... 0.9 2.2 1977.......................................... 1.0 2.3 1978.......................................... 4.6 9.7 1979.......................................... 8.6 16.8 1980.......................................... 6.6 11.8 1981.......................................... 5.7 9.3 1982.......................................... -2.6 -4.0 1983.......................................... -5.8 -8.5 1984.......................................... 2.2 3.1 1985.......................................... 10.1 13.9 1986.......................................... 15.4 20.6 1987.......................................... 23.2 30.1 1988.......................................... 31.1 38.9 1989.......................................... 36.9 44.3 1990.......................................... 37.9 43.6 1991.......................................... 30.2 33.4 1992.......................................... 25.8 27.8 1993.......................................... 28.2 29.6 1994.......................................... 31.3 32.1 1995.......................................... 35.4 35.4 1996.......................................... 38.6 37.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Adjusted to 1996 dollars using the implicit price deflator for gross domestic product from the Economic Report of the President (1998). Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.