APPENDIX A. DATA ON THE ELDERLY This appendix presents historical, current, and projected data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the elderly, including information on population, life expectancy, labor force participation, marital status, living arrangements, poverty rates, and income. Data sources are noted at the bottom of each table. The following definitions may be useful for reading the tables: 1. ``Aged'' and ``elderly'' each refer to any person 65 years old or older. 2. ``OASDI'' and ``Social Security'' are used interchangeably. 3. ``Supplemental Security Income'' is, at times, abbreviated ``SSI.'' 4. The concepts ``unrelated individual'' and ``unit'' are used many times throughout this appendix. ``Unrelated individual'' refers to any individual living alone. ``Unit'' refers to an individual living alone, a couple living alone, or a family. TABLE A-1.--ELDERLY AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELDERLY BY AGE AND SEX, SELECTED YEARS 1940-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Age and demographic group ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Population age 65 and older (in thousands)............................. 9,556 12,752 17,250 20,919 26,148 31,978 35,407 61,395 Population age 65 and older as a percent of total population.................... 6.8 8.0 9.1 9.7 11.1 12.3 12.4 18.2 Population age 75 and older as a percent of total population.................... 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.4 5.2 5.9 7.6 Population age 85 and older as a percent of total population.................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 Certain age and sex groupings as a percent of the population age 65 and older: Men 65 and older.................... 48.4 46.8 44.5 41.5 40.3 40.6 41.6 44.7 Men 65-74........................... 34.8 32.6 30.2 26.8 26.2 25.8 23.9 27.9 Men 75-84........................... 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.3 12.0 14.1 13.5 Men 85 and older.................... 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.6 3.4 Women 65 and older.................. 51.6 53.2 55.5 58.5 59.7 59.4 58.4 55.3 Women 65-74......................... 35.8 35.7 35.7 34.7 33.9 31.9 28.4 30.7 Women 75-84......................... 13.4 14.7 16.3 19.1 19.3 20.0 21.1 17.6 Women 85 and older.................. 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.7 6.5 7.5 8.9 7.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Total age 65 and older.......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Population figures are as of July 1, and include total U.S. plus the outlying areas covered under the Social Security Program and an adjustment for census undercount. Projections are based on the intermediate assumptions of the 1997 OASDI Trustees' Report. Source: Office of the Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration. TABLE A-2.--LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR MEN AND WOMEN, 1900-2070 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Life expectancy at Life expectancy at birth age 65 Year ------------------------------------------- Male Female Male Female ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual: 1900.................... 46.4 49.0 11.4 11.7 1910.................... 50.1 53.6 11.4 12.1 1920.................... 54.5 56.3 11.8 12.3 1930.................... 58.0 61.3 11.8 12.9 1940.................... 61.4 65.7 11.9 13.4 1950.................... 65.6 71.1 12.8 15.1 1960.................... 66.7 73.2 12.9 15.9 1970.................... 67.1 74.9 13.1 17.1 1980.................... 69.9 77.5 14.0 18.4 1990.................... 71.8 78.9 15.0 19.0 Projected: 2000.................... 73.2 79.7 15.8 19.3 2010.................... 74.7 80.5 16.2 19.6 2020.................... 75.5 81.1 16.6 20.0 2030.................... 76.2 81.8 17.0 20.4 2040.................... 76.8 82.4 17.5 20.9 2050.................... 77.5 82.9 17.8 21.3 2060.................... 78.1 83.5 18.2 21.7 2070.................... 78.6 84.0 18.6 22.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--The life expectancy for any year is the average number of years of life remaining for a person if that person were to experience that year's age-sex-specific death rates throughout the remainder of his or her life. Projections are based on the intermediate assumptions of the 1997 OASDI Trustees' Report. Source: Office of the Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration. TABLE A-3.--LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1950-96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Sex and age group -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: 55-64............................................ 86.9 87.9 86.8 84.6 83.0 75.8 72.3 67.9 67.8 66.0 67.0 55-59............................................ (\2\) 92.5 91.6 90.2 89.5 84.4 81.9 79.6 79.9 77.4 77.9 60-64............................................ (\2\) 82.5 81.1 78.0 75.0 65.7 61.0 55.6 55.5 53.2 54.3 60-61............................................ (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 84.8 82.6 75.2 71.8 68.9 68.8 65.6 66.3 62-64............................................ (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 73.2 69.4 58.8 52.8 46.1 46.5 45.0 45.7 65 and over...................................... 45.8 39.6 33.1 27.9 26.8 21.7 19.1 15.8 16.3 16.8 16.9 Women: 55-64............................................ 27.0 32.5 37.2 41.4 43.0 41.0 41.5 42.0 45.2 49.2 49.6 55-59............................................ (\2\) 35.6 42.2 47.1 50.4 47.9 48.6 50.3 55.3 59.5 59.8 60-64............................................ (\2\) 29.0 31.4 34.0 36.1 33.3 33.3 33.4 35.5 38.0 38.2 60-61............................................ (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 40.4 41.4 39.5 39.8 40.3 42.9 46.1 47.2 62-64............................................ (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 29.5 32.3 29.0 28.6 28.7 30.7 32.6 31.8 65 and over...................................... 9.7 10.6 10.8 10.0 9.7 8.3 8.1 7.3 8.6 8.8 8.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian labor force as percent of civilian noninstitutional population aged 16 or older. \2\ Data not available. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. TABLE A-4.--MARITAL STATUS OF AGED INDIVIDUALS, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1960-96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960 \2\ 1970 \3\ 1980 1990 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Demographic group 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: Married................................................... 78.9 59.1 77.6 79.7 81.6 69.4 80.2 69.9 79.0 69.8 Widowed................................................... 12.7 31.6 11.0 30.4 8.5 24.0 9.2 23.7 9.6 22.9 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.5 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 6.0 3.1 7.0 4.0 Never married............................................. 6.7 7.8 8.5 6.6 5.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 4.4 3.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ========================================================================================= Number (in thousands)................................. 4,778 2,280 5,333 3,031 6,459 3,234 8,013 4,320 8,213 5,048 ========================================================================================= Women: Married................................................... 45.6 21.8 45.4 20.8 50.1 23.3 53.2 25.4 54.8 27.4 Widowed................................................... 44.4 68.3 43.7 70.5 40.3 68.0 36.1 65.6 32.8 63.6 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.2 3.0 1.3 4.0 2.3 6.2 3.6 8.5 4.5 Never married \4\......................................... 8.4 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.6 6.4 4.6 5.4 3.8 4.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ========================================================================================= Number (in thousands)................................. 5,529 3,054 6,741 4,608 8,549 5,411 9,966 7,267 10,057 8,341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian noninstitutional population only. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1960 Decennial Census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 Decennial Census. \4\ Never married was reported as ``single'' for 1960. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-5.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF THE ELDERLY,\1\ SELECTED YEARS 1970-96 [Civilian noninstitutionalized population, number in thousands] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 65 and Widowed men Widowed women over --------------------------------- Living arrangement and year ------------------ Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In families: 1970 \2\................................................ 13,347 70.0 499 37.4 2,386 40.1 1980 \3\................................................ 16,355 67.6 385 28.7 2,194 30.1 1990.................................................... 19,737 66.8 525 29.9 2,202 26.3 1992.................................................... 20,351 66.5 536 28.0 2,305 26.8 1995.................................................... 20,828 66.6 466 26.6 2,363 27.4 1996.................................................... 21,092 66.6 527 27.1 2,427 28.2 Living alone: 1970 \2\................................................ 5,071 26.6 708 53.1 3,309 55.7 1980 \3\................................................ 7,328 30.3 893 66.5 4,916 67.4 1990.................................................... 9,176 31.0 1,117 63.6 5,946 71.1 1992.................................................... 9,523 31.1 1,241 64.7 6,070 70.6 1995.................................................... 9,862 31.5 1,201 68.4 6,092 70.5 1996.................................................... 9,841 31.1 1,259 64.8 5,963 69.3 Other: 1970 \2\................................................ 645 3.4 124 9.3 251 4.2 1980 \3\................................................ 511 2.1 65 4.8 186 2.5 1990.................................................... 653 2.2 113 6.4 220 2.6 1992.................................................... 716 2.3 142 7.4 227 2.6 1995.................................................... 577 1.8 88 5.0 182 2.1 1996.................................................... 725 2.3 158 8.1 217 2.5 --------------------------------------------------- Total: 1970 \2\.............................................. 19,061 100.0 1,333 100.0 5,946 100.0 1980 \3\.............................................. 24,194 100.0 1,342 100.0 7,295 100.0 1990.................................................. 29,566 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,367 100.0 1992.................................................. 30,590 100.0 1,917 100.0 8,601 100.0 1995.................................................. 31,267 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,637 100.0 1996.................................................. 31,658 100.0 1,944 100.0 8,607 100.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Excludes persons in institutions (nursing homes, etc.). The number of such persons age 65 years and over was estimated to be 0.8 million in 1970, and 1.6 million in 1989. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 Decennial Census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1980 Decennial Census. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-6.--POVERTY STATUS OF ALL PERSONS AND ELDERLY BY SEX, ETHNICITY, AND LIVING ARRANGEMENT, SELECTED YEARS 1959-95 [Percent below the poverty level] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1959 1966 1970 1973 \1\ 1980 1990 1992 \2\ 1994 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All persons.................. 22.4 14.7 12.6 11.1 13.0 13.5 14.8 14.5 13.8 Persons 65 years old and over 35.2 28.5 24.5 16.3 15.7 12.2 12.9 11.7 10.5 Both sexes: Living arrangement: Living in families........ NA NA 14.7 9.4 8.5 5.8 7.1 6.0 5.0 Unrelated individuals..... NA NA 47.1 32.0 30.6 24.7 24.9 23.1 21.4 Race/ethnicity: Black............ NA NA 48.0 37.1 38.1 33.8 33.5 27.4 25.4 Hispanic \3\..... NA NA NA 24.9 30.8 22.5 22.1 22.6 23.5 White............ NA NA 22.5 14.4 13.6 10.1 11.0 10.2 9.0 Men...................... NA NA 19.0 12.4 10.9 7.6 8.8 7.2 6.2 Living arrangement: Living in families........ NA NA 14.9 9.4 8.2 5.4 6.7 5.1 4.2 Unrelated individuals..... NA NA 38.9 27.1 24.4 17.3 18.4 16.1 14.3 Race/ethnicity: Black............ NA NA 41.3 32.4 31.4 27.8 26.9 20.6 15.4 Hispanic \3\..... NA NA NA 22.0 27.0 18.6 17.4 15.4 16.0 White............ NA NA 17.0 10.4 9.0 5.6 7.1 5.9 5.4 Women.................... NA NA 28.5 19.0 19.0 15.4 15.8 14.9 13.6 Living arrangement: Living in families........ NA NA 14.5 9.3 8.8 6.3 7.5 7.0 5.9 Unrelated individuals..... NA NA 49.7 33.5 32.3 26.9 26.8 25.3 23.8 Race/ethnicity: Black............ NA NA 53.2 40.5 42.6 37.9 37.8 31.7 31.1 Hispanic \3\..... NA NA NA 24.7 34.3 25.3 25.4 28.4 28.9 White............ NA NA 26.5 17.2 16.8 13.2 13.7 13.3 11.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ First year in which Hispanic data are available. \2\ 1992 figures are based on 1990 census population controls. \3\ Hispanics may be of any race. NA--Not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports Series P-60. TABLE A-7.--POVERTY RATES OF THE ELDERLY BY AGE, SEX, AND MARITAL STATUS, 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Age group ----------------------------------- Sex and marital status 65 and 85 and over 65-74 75-84 over ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Male: Married......................... 4.2 3.8 4.7 7.3 Widowed......................... 9.3 8.9 11.0 6.4 Divorced/separated/never married 15.7 14.2 18.2 NA ----------------------------------- Total....................... 6.2 5.6 7.0 8.5 =================================== Female: Married......................... 4.2 3.9 4.5 NA Widowed......................... 19.2 17.8 20.3 19.7 Divorced/separated/never married 23.8 23.1 25.3 NA ----------------------------------- Total....................... 13.6 11.1 15.8 19.0 =================================== All elderly............. 10.5 8.6 12.3 15.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA--Not available due to unreliability of estimate; percentage base represents fewer than 250,000 persons. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-8.--AMOUNT OF INCOME FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN SOCIAL SECURITY, AMONG SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFICIARIES, AGE 65 AND OVER, 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Married Nonmarried Unit income other than Social Security All units couples persons ------------------------------------------------------------------------ None................................. 0.1 0.2 0.1 Loss or $1-$1,999.................... 28.9 16.2 39.1 $2,000-$3,999........................ 8.7 5.8 11.0 $4,000-$5,999........................ 6.7 5.7 7.6 $6,000-$7,999........................ 6.4 5.6 7.1 $8,000-$9,999........................ 4.6 4.2 5.0 $10,000-$14,999...................... 9.4 10.2 8.7 $15,000-$19,999...................... 7.4 9.6 5.5 $20,000-$29,999...................... 9.9 13.2 7.1 $30,000-$39,999...................... 6.1 9.0 3.7 $40,000-$49,999...................... 3.5 5.2 2.2 $50,000-$74,999...................... 4.6 7.9 2.0 $75,000-$99,999...................... 2.0 3.9 0.4 $100,000 or more..................... 1.7 3.2 0.5 --------------------------------- Number (in thousands).............. 21,934 9,803 12,132 Median income other than Social Security........................... $7,733 $16,050 $3,958 Median Social Security income...... $9,818 $13,548 $8,245 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--Units are families (primary families, related, and unrelated subfamilies) and unrelated individuals with any member age 65 or older. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-9.--TOTAL MONEY INCOME OF ELDERLY UNITS, 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All units Married couples Nonmarried persons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amount of income Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 and over Age 65-69 and over and over Age 65-69 and over and over Age 65-69 and over -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under $5,000........................................ 3.7 3.1 5.9 1.3 1.3 0.8 5.7 5.3 7.3 $5,000-$9,999....................................... 17.8 13.3 27.1 3.3 3.1 6.1 29.6 26.7 33.0 $10,000-$14,999..................................... 16.5 11.6 20.6 9.6 6.5 15.6 22.1 18.2 22.0 $15,000-$19,999..................................... 13.3 12.6 12.4 13.0 11.4 11.3 13.6 14.3 12.8 $20,000-$29,999..................................... 17.3 18.7 12.5 23.0 21.6 18.8 12.7 14.8 10.7 $30,000-$39,999..................................... 10.7 13.4 7.0 15.0 16.5 10.4 7.2 9.4 6.0 $40,000-$49,999..................................... 6.4 8.2 3.9 9.8 10.8 6.8 3.7 4.8 3.0 $50,000-$74,999..................................... 7.9 10.0 5.3 12.8 14.3 11.4 3.8 4.3 3.6 $75,000-$99,999..................................... 2.9 3.8 2.6 5.4 6.0 9.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 $100,000 or more.................................... 3.5 5.3 2.7 6.8 8.4 9.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ================================================================================================== Number (in thousands)........................... 24,015 7,136 2,388 10,793 4,054 522 13,222 3,082 1,866 Median.......................................... $19,405 $25,106 $14,084 $30,092 $33,100 $28,750 $13,074 $14,967 $11,569 Mean............................................. $29,394 $35,991 $23,431 $42,415 $47,156 $44,228 $18,764 $21,304 $17,610 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Units are families (primary families, related, and unrelated subfamilies) and unrelated individuals with any member age 65 or older. Unit's age is the age of the head of the unit, if age 65 or older. If the head of the unit is under age 65, the unit's age is based on the age of the spouse, if the spouse is age 65 or older; otherwise the unit's age is based on the age of the oldest person age 65 or older in the unit. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-10.--PERCENT OF UNITS \1\ WITH ANY MEMBER AGE 65 OR OVER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL UNIT INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE BY POVERTY \2\ STATUS, 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of units with Percent unit income income from each source from each source -------------------------------------------------- Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of units (in thousands)............................... 23,996 3,040 20,956 NA NA NA Number of aged individuals (in thousands).................... 31,658 3,318 28,340 NA NA NA Percent of units............................................. 100.0 12.7 87.3 NA NA NA Earnings \3\................................................. 33.4 8.7 37.0 32.9 5.7 33.7 OASDI, railroad retirement................................... 92.2 81.0 93.8 32.8 67.3 31.9 Pensions..................................................... 42.8 6.9 48.0 15.2 2.6 15.5 Veterans, UC, and other compensation......................... 7.4 3.2 8.0 1.3 0.8 1.3 AFDC, SSI, general assistance................................ 6.8 23.2 4.4 0.8 10.7 0.6 Child support, alimony....................................... 5.1 3.0 5.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 Interest, dividends \3\...................................... 69.3 30.0 75.0 15.4 3.1 15.8 Food stamps \4\.............................................. 5.4 23.7 2.8 0.2 3.6 0.1 Housing assistance \4\....................................... 5.5 15.3 4.1 0.3 5.5 0.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Includes both families and unrelated individuals. \2\ Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \3\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of unit income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-11.--PERCENT OF MARRIED COUPLES WITH ALL MEMBERS AGE 65 OR OVER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL FAMILY INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE, BY POVERTY STATUS,\1\ 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of couples Percent of family with income from each income from each source source ---------------------------------------------- Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of married couples (in thousands)......................... 6,216 202 6,014 NA NA NA Percent of married couples....................................... 100.0 3.2 96.8 NA NA NA Earnings \2\..................................................... 22.8 4.4 23.4 15.2 2.0 15.3 OASDI, railroad retirement....................................... 96.6 60.7 97.8 41.0 70.3 40.9 Pensions......................................................... 56.6 8.1 58.2 20.7 4.3 20.8 Veterans, UC, and other compensation............................. 6.9 2.1 7.0 1.1 0.5 1.1 AFDC, SSI, general assistance.................................... 1.3 12.1 1.0 0.2 9.6 0.2 Child support, alimony........................................... 2.6 1.6 2.6 0.8 0.3 0.8 Interest, dividends \2\.......................................... 82.2 38.5 83.7 20.8 7.9 20.9 Food stamps \3\.................................................. 0.9 9.3 0.6 0.0 2.7 0.0 Housing assistance \3\........................................... 1.4 4.8 1.3 0.0 2.2 0.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \2\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \3\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of family income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-12. PERCENT OF UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS \1\ AGE 65 OR OVER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE, BY POVERTY STATUS,\2\ 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of individuals Percent of individual with income from each income from each source source ------------------------------------------------ Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of individuals (in thousands)........................... 10,555 2,260 8,295 NA NA NA Percent of individuals......................................... 100.0 21.4 78.6 NA NA NA Earnings \3\................................................... 12.5 3.1 15.1 10.3 0.9 11.0 OASDI, railroad retirement..................................... 93.6 85.9 95.7 48.2 74.7 46.0 Pensions....................................................... 36.0 6.3 44.1 17.0 2.3 18.2 Veterans, UC, and other compensation........................... 4.3 2.8 4.7 1.3 0.7 1.4 AFDC, SSI, general assistance.................................. 7.1 21.5 3.1 1.2 8.5 0.6 Child support, alimony......................................... 3.6 2.2 3.9 1.1 0.7 1.2 Interest, dividends \3\........................................ 63.4 32.6 71.8 19.5 3.1 20.9 Food stamps \4\................................................ 6.9 22.4 2.7 0.2 2.2 0.1 Housing assistance \4\......................................... 10.7 17.9 8.7 1.2 6.9 0.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Elderly living alone. \2\ Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \3\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of individuals' income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-13.--RECEIPT OF SOCIAL SECURITY, SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME, FOOD STAMPS, AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF, AMONG UNITS \1\ WITH AN AGED HEAD CLASSIFIED BY FAMILY MONEY INCOME AS A PERCENT OF THE POVERTY THRESHOLD, 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Less than 100 100-149.9 percent of percent of poverty poverty threshold threshold --------------------- Type of benefit ---------------------- Number (in Number (in Percent thousands) Percent thousands) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Social Security \2\......... 2,361 82.1 3,656 96.6 SSI......................... 594 20.6 320 8.5 Food stamps................. 677 23.5 282 7.4 Social Security only \3\.... 1,657 57.6 3,199 84.5 SSI only \3\................ 91 3.2 26 0.7 Food stamps only \3\........ 43 1.5 0 0.0 Social Security and food stamps \4\................. 280 9.7 177 4.7 Social Security and SSI \4\. 148 5.2 191 5.0 SSI and food stamps \4\..... 78 2.7 15 0.4 Social Security, SSI, and food stamps................ 276 9.6 89 2.4 No Social Security, SSI, or food stamps................ 304 10.6 90 2.4 ------------------------------------------- Total................... 2,877 100.0 3,787 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Includes unrelated individuals and elderly individuals living alone. \2\ Includes railroad retirement. \3\ Family receives only the one type of income specified but not the other two. The family could be receiving other types of income. \4\ Family receives only the two types of income specified but not the third. The family could be receiving other sources of income than the three mentioned. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1996 Current Population Survey. REFERENCES Board of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. (1997, April). The 1997 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (U.S. House of Representatives Document 105-73). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Board of Trustees, Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. (1997, April). The 1997 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund (U.S. House of Representatives Document 105-74). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Social Security Administration. (1992, August). Life tables for the United States Social Security area 1900-2080 (Actuarial Study No. 107). Washington, DC: Author. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (various years). Marital status and living arrangements. Current Population Reports, Series P-20. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (various years). Poverty in the United States. Current Population Reports (Series P- 60). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.