APPENDIX G. DATA ON FAMILIES SELECTED INDICATORS OF THE STATUS OF CHILDREN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Teenage Pregnancy Female population (ages 15 to 1973 1980 1985 1989 1990 19)...................... 10,193,000 10,381,000 9,174,000 8,840,000 8,645,000 Births..................... 604,096 552,161 467,485 506,503 521,826 Induced abortions.......... 231,900 444,780 399,200 370,900 350,970 Estimated miscarriages..... 144,010 154,910 133,420 136,390 139,460 Pregnancies................ 980,000 151,850 100,110 1,015,790 1,012,260 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Infant Mortality Rates (deaths per 1,000 live births) 1950-52 1970-72 1980-82 1986-88 Japan...................... ............... 55.9 12.4 7.1 5.0 Sweden..................... ............... 20.9 11.0 6.9 6.0 Canada..................... ............... 39.4 17.8 9.7 7.5 United States (white)...... ............... 26.0 17.1 10.5 8.7 England and Wales.......... ............... 29.1 17.7 11.3 9.3 United States (total)...... ............... 28.7 19.2 12.0 10.1 Hungary.................... ............... 77.0 34.7 21.4 17.4 United States (black)...... ............... 45.1 30.9 20.3 17.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Out-of-Wedlock Births Percent Change 1980 1990 1991 1980-91 Under age 15............... ............... 9,024 10,675 10,968 21.5 Ages 15 to 19.............. ............... 262,777 349,970 357,483 36.0 Ages 20 to 24.............. ............... 237,265 403,873 429,094 80.9 Ages 25 to 29.............. ............... 99,583 229,991 234,593 135.6 Ages 30 to 34.............. ............... 40,984 118,200 123,901 202.3 Ages 35 to 39.............. ............... 13,187 44,149 48,353 266.7 Age 40 and over............ ............... 2,927 8,526 9,377 220.4 Total (ages 15-44)..... ............... 665,747 1,165,384 1,213,769 82.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Living Arrangements of Children Under Age 18 (in thousands) 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 Total in population........ 63,727 69,162 63,427 64,137 65,965 Living with 1 parent....... 5,829 8,199 12,466 15,867 17,578 Percent of all children.... 9.1 11.9 19.7 24.7 26.6 Living with never-married parent.................... 243 557 1,820 4,853 6,258 Percent of all children.... 0.4 0.8 2.9 7.6 9.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Children Below Poverty (number in thousands/rate per 1,000) 1974 1979 1989 1990 1992 Total...................... 10,156 (15.4) 10,377 (16.4) 12,590 (19.6) 13,431 (20.6) 14,617 (21.9) Black...................... 3,755 (39.8) 3,833 (41.2) 4,375 (43.7) 4,550 (44.8) 4,938 (46.6) White...................... 6,223 (11.2) 6,193 (11.8) 7,599 (14.8) 8,232 (15.9) 8,955 (16.9) Hispanic................... NA (NA) 1,535 (28.0) 2,603 (36.2) 2,865 (38.4) 3,116 (39.9) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Educational Achievement High school dropouts (percentage of status dropouts, ages 18-24) 1970 1975 1985 1990 1991 Total.................. 17.3 15.6 13.9 13.6 14.2 White.................. 15.2 13.9 13.5 13.5 14.2 Black.................. 33.3 27.3 17.6 15.1 15.6 Average SAT scores 1970 1975 1985 1990 1993 Verbal................. 460 434 431 424 424 Math................... 488 472 475 476 478 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NA: not available TABLE G-1.--TOTAL NUMBER AND RATES OF MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES FOR SELECTED YEARS, 1950-92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number (thousands) Rate\1\ --------------------------------------------------- Marriages Divorces Marriages Divorces ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1950................ 1,667 385 11.1 2.6 1960................ 1,523 393 8.5 2.2 1970................ 2,159 708 10.6 3.5 1980................ 2,390 1,189 10.6 5.2 1985................ 2,413 1,190 10.1 5.0 1986................ 2,407 1,178 10.0 4.9 1987................ 2,421 1,157 9.9 4.8 1988................ 2,395 1,167 9.7 4.7 1989................ 2,404 1,163 9.7 4.7 1990................ 2,448 1,175 9.8 4.7 1991................ 2,371 1,187 9.4 4.7 1992\2\............. 2,362 1,215 9.2 4.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\Rate is per 1,000 of the population. \2\Provisional data. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, ``Vital Statistics of the United States,'' annual and unpublished data. TABLE G-2.--PERCENT NEVER MARRIED, BY AGE AND SEX, 1960-92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Women: Ages 20 to 24.......... 28.4 35.8 50.2 62.8 65.7 Ages 25 to 29.......... 10.5 10.5 20.9 31.1 33.2 Ages 30 to 34.......... 6.9 6.2 9.5 16.4 18.8 Men: Ages 20 to 24.......... 53.1 54.7 68.8 79.3 80.3 Ages 25 to 29.......... 20.8 19.1 33.1 45.0 48.7 Ages 30 to 34.......... 11.9 9.4 15.9 27.0 29.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P20-468. TABLE G-3.--NUMBER AND RATE OF BIRTHS TO UNMARRIED WOMEN, BY RACE\1\ AND AGE OF MOTHER, 1980 AND 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Out-of-wedlock births Rate per 1,000 unmarried ------------------------------- women Age ----------------------------- Total White Black Total White Black ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1980 ------------------------------------------------------------ Under 15........................................... 9,024 3,144 5,707 NA NA NA 15 to 19........................................... 262,777 127,984 128,022 27.6 16.2 89.2 20 to 24........................................... 237,265 112,854 117,423 40.9 24.4 115.1 25 to 29........................................... 99,583 46,872 49,077 34.0 20.7 83.9 30 to 34........................................... 40,984 20,565 18,766 21.1 13.6 48.2 35 to 39........................................... 13,187 7,073 5,513 9.7 6.8 19.6 40 and over........................................ 2,927 1,571 1,229 2.6 1.8 5.6 Total (Ages 15-44)............................. 665,747 320,063 325,737 29.4 17.6 82.9 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1991 ------------------------------------------------------------ Under 15........................................... 10,968 4,346 6,298 NA NA NA 15 to 19........................................... 357,483 207,035 139,325 44.8 32.8 108.5 20 to 24........................................... 429,094 251,228 163,532 68.0 51.5 147.5 25 to 29........................................... 234,593 136,727 89,198 56.5 44.6 100.9 30 to 34........................................... 123,901 72,484 46,370 38.1 31.1 60.1 35 to 39........................................... 48,353 29,607 16,357 18.0 15.2 25.6 40 and over........................................ 9,377 6,075 2,670 3.8 3.2 5.4 Total (Ages 15-44)............................. 1,213,769 707,502 463,750 45.2 34.6 89.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Race is determined by race of the child for 1980 and by race of the mother for 1991. NA: Not available. Source: The National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1991, U.S. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 41, No. 9, 1993 and 1980 data. TABLE G-4.--TWO-PARENT AND ONE-PARENT FAMILIES AS PROPORTIONS OF ALL FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN PRESENT, BY RACE, FOR SELECTED YEARS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races White Black Subject ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970 1980 1985 1988 1992 1970 1988 1992 1970 1988 1992 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number in thousands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total with children under 18........ 29,631 32,150 33,372 34,344 35,379 26,115 28,102 28,847 3,219 5,057 5,164 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Two-parent family groups.................. 25,823 25,231 24,573 24,977 24,880 23,477 22,012 21,909 2,071 2,055 1,948 One-parent family groups.................. 3,808 6,920 8,779 9,367 10,499 2,638 6,090 6,938 1,148 3,002 3,216 Maintained by mother.................. 3,415 6,230 7,737 8,146 9,028 2,330 5,100 5,753 1,063 2,812 2,994 Never married..................... 248 1,063 2,208 2,707 3,284 73 1,050 1,391 173 1,605 1,799 Spouse absent..................... 1,377 1,743 1,732 1,776 1,947 796 1,127 1,341 570 585 548 Separated......................... 962 1,483 1,524 1,499 1,658 477 941 1,146 479 515 482 Divorced.......................... 1,109 2,721 3,228 3,121 3,349 930 2,568 2,692 172 471 550 Widowed........................... 682 703 569 544 448 531 356 328 148 149 97 Maintained by father.................. 393 692 1,042 1,221 1,472 307 989 1,186 85 191 222 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent distribution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total with children under 18........ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Two-parent family groups.................. 87.1 78.5 73.6 72.7 70.3 89.9 78.3 75.9 64.3 40.6 37.7 One-parent family groups.................. 12.9 21.5 26.3 27.3 29.7 10.1 21.7 24.1 35.7 59.4 62.3 Maintained by mother.................. 11.5 19.4 23.2 23.7 25.5 8.9 18.1 19.9 33.0 55.6 58.0 Never married..................... .8 3.3 6.6 9.0 9.3 .3 7.0 4.8 5.4 31.7 34.8 Spouse absent..................... 4.6 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.5 3.0 4.0 4.6 17.7 11.6 10.6 Separated......................... 3.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.7 1.8 3.3 4.0 14.9 10.2 9.3 Divorced.......................... 3.7 8.5 9.7 9.1 9.5 3.6 9.1 9.3 5.3 9.3 10.7 Widowed........................... 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.1 4.6 2.9 1.9 Maintained by father.................. 1.3 2.2 3.1 3.6 4.2 1.2 3.5 4.1 2.6 3.8 4.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Family groups consist of family households, related subfamilies, and unrelated subfamilies. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, Household and Family Characteristics: March of Each Year. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. TABLE G-5.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS: FOR SELECTED YEARS, 1960-92 [Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Living arrangements of All races children and marital status -------------------------------------------- of parent 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Numbers in thousands -------------------------------------------- Total number of children... 63,727 69,162 63,427 64,137 65,965 Living with: Two parents............ 55,877 58,939 48,624 46,503 46,638 One parent............. 5,829 8,199 12,466 15,867 17,578 Mother only........ 5,105 7,452 11,406 13,874 15,396 Father only........ 724 748 1,060 1,993 2,182 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 2,021 2,024 2,337 1,768 1,749 -------------------------------------------- Percent distribution -------------------------------------------- Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Living with: Two parents............ 87.7 85.2 76.7 72.5 70.7 One parent............. 9.1 11.9 19.7 24.7 26.6 Mother only........ 8.0 10.8 18.0 21.6 23.3 Father only........ 1.1 1.1 1.7 3.1 3.3 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 3.2 2.9 3.7 2.8 2.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P- 20. Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March of each year. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Off. TABLE G-6.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS LIVING WITH ONE PARENT FOR SELECTED YEARS, 1960-92 [Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races Living arrangements of children and marital status of ------------------------------------------------------ parent 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Numbers in thousands ------------------------------------------------------ Total children living with one parent.................... 5,829 8,199 12,466 15,867 17,872 Never married........................................ 243 557 1,820 4,853 6,258 Married, spouse absent............................... 2,700 3,521 3,898 3,767 4,214 Separated........................................ 1,608 2,484 3,327 3,222 3,605 Widowed.............................................. 1,543 1,649 1,469 1,125 763 Divorced............................................. 1,343 2,473 5,281 6,122 6,637 ------------------------------------------------------ Percent distribution ------------------------------------------------------ Percent.................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Never married........................................ 4.2 6.8 14.6 30.6 35.0 Married, spouse absent............................... 46.3 42.9 31.3 23.7 23.6 Separated........................................ 27.6 30.3 26.7 20.3 20.2 Widowed.............................................. 26.5 20.1 11.8 7.1 4.3 Divorced............................................. 23.0 30.2 42.4 38.6 37.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P-20. Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March of each year. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Off. TABLE G-7.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF WHITE CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS [Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups; numbers in thousands] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total children............. 55,077 58,790 52,242 51,390 52,493 Living with: Two parents............ 50,082 52,624 43,200 40,593 46,735 One parent............. 3,932 5,109 7,901 9,870 10,971 Mother only........ 3,381 4,581 7,059 8,321 9,250 Father only........ 551 528 842 1,549 1,721 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 1,062 1,058 1,141 928 886 Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Living with: Two parents............ 90.9 89.5 82.7 79.0 77.4 One parent............. 7.1 8.7 15.1 19.2 20.9 Mother only........ 6.1 7.8 13.5 16.2 17.6 Father only........ 1.0 0.9 1.6 3.0 3.3 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.7 Total children living with one parent................ 3,932 5,110 7,901 9,869 10,971 Marital status of parent: Never married.......... 61 131 552 1,894 2,449 Married, spouse absent. 1,615 1,822 2,243 2,356 2,837 Separated.......... 779 1,111 1,817 1,982 2,425 Widowed................ 1,139 1,160 1,000 774 624 Divorced............... 1,118 1,997 4,106 4,847 5,061 Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Marital status of parent: Never married.......... 1.6 2.6 7.0 19.2 22.3 Married, spouse absent. 41.1 35.7 28.4 23.9 25.9 Separated.......... 19.8 21.7 23.0 20.1 22.1 Widowed................ 29.0 22.7 12.7 7.8 5.7 Divorced............... 28.4 39.1 52.0 49.1 46.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA Not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P- 20. No. 410, 450, 461 and 468. Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March 1992, 1991, 1990, and 1985. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Off. Table prepared by Congressional Research Service. TABLE G-8.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF BLACK CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS [Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups; numbers in thousands] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total children............. 8,650 9,422 9,375 10,018 10,427 Living with: Two parents............ 5,795 5,508 3,956 3,781 3,714 One parent............. 1,897 2,996 4,297 5,485 5,934 Mother only........ 1,723 2,783 4,117 5,132 5,607 Father only........ 173 213 180 353 327 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 959 917 1,122 752 779 Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Living with: Two parents............ 67.0 58.5 42.2 37.7 35.6 One parent............. 21.9 31.8 45.8 54.8 56.9 Mother only........ 19.9 29.5 43.9 51.2 53.8 Father only........ 2.0 2.3 1.9 3.5 3.1 Other relatives or nonrelatives only..... 11.1 9.7 12.0 7.5 7.5 Total children living with one parent................ 1,897 2,995 4,297 5,484 5,934 Marital status of parent: Never married.......... 182 423 1,235 2,839 3,314 Married spouse absent.. 1,085 1,651 1,573 1,251 1,290 Separated.......... 829 1,343 1,463 1,125 1,156 Widowed................ 405 482 411 278 194 Divorced............... 225 438 1,078 1,117 1,136 Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Marital status of parent: Never married.......... 9.6 14.1 28.7 51.8 55.9 Married spouse absent.. 57.2 55.1 36.6 22.8 21.7 Separated.......... 43.7 44.8 34.0 20.5 19.5 Widowed................ 21.3 16.1 9.6 5.1 3.3 Divorced............... 11.9 14.6 25.1 20.4 19.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA Not available. Note.--Black children include nonwhite in 1960. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P- 20. No. 410, 450, 461 and 468. and Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March 1985, 1990, 1991, and 1992. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Off. Table prepared by Congressional Research Service. TABLE G-9.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF HISPANIC CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS [Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups; numbers in thousands] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1970 1980 1990 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total children...................... 4,006 5,459 7,174 7,619 Living with: Two parents..................... 3,111 4,116 4,789 4,935 One parent...................... NA 1,152 2,154 2,447 Mother only................. NA 1,069 1,943 2,168 Father only................. NA 83 211 279 Other relatives or nonrelatives only........................... NA 191 231 237 Percent............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Living with: Two parents..................... 77.7 75.4 66.8 64.8 One parent...................... NA 21.1 30.0 32.1 Mother only................. NA 19.6 27.1 28.5 Father only................. NA 1.5 2.9 3.7 Other relatives or nonrelatives only........................... NA 3.5 3.2 3.1 Total children living with one parent............................. NA 1,152 2,154 2,447 Marital status of parent: Never married................... NA 228 703 872 Married, spouse absent.......... NA 468 728 739 Separated................... NA 400 577 600 Widowed......................... NA 103 149 137 Divorced........................ NA 353 574 699 Percent............................. NA 100.0 100.0 100.0 Marital status of parent: Never married................... NA 19.8 32.6 35.6 Married, spouse absent.......... NA 40.6 33.8 30.2 Separated................... NA 34.7 26.8 24.5 Widowed......................... NA 8.9 6.9 5.6 Divorced........................ NA 30.6 26.6 28.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA Not available. Note.--Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P- 20. No 410, 450, 461 and 468. Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March 1985, 1990, 1991, and 1992. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Off. Table prepared by Congressional Research Service. TABLE G-10.--CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE LIVING WITH BIOLOGICAL, STEP, AND ADOPTIVE MARRIED-COUPLE PARENTS, BY RACE OF MOTHER, 1980-90 [Numbers in thousands] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1980 1990 Category ------------------------------------------- Number Percent Number Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------ All races: Total own children under 18 years....... 47,248 100.0 45,448 100.0 ------------------------------------------- Biological mother and father 39,523 83.7 37,026 81.5 Biological mother-stepfather 5,355 11.3 6,643 14.6 Stepmother-biological father 727 1.5 608 1.3 Adoptive mother and father.. 1,350 2.9 974 2.1 Unknown mother or father.... 293 0.6 197 0.4 =========================================== White: Total own children under 18 years....... 42,329 100.0 39,732 100.0 ------------------------------------------- Biological mother and father 35,852 84.7 32,975 83.0 Biological mother-stepfather 4,362 10.3 5,258 13.2 Stepmother-biological father 664 1.6 549 1.4 Adoptive mother and father.. 1,209 2.9 815 2.1 Unknown mother or father.... 242 0.6 135 0.3 =========================================== Black: Total own children under 18 years....... 3,775 100.0 3,671 100.0 ------------------------------------------- Biological mother and father 2,698 71.5 2,336 63.6 Biological mother-stepfather 877 23.2 1,149 31.3 Stepmother-biological father 46 1.2 38 1.0 Adoptive mother and father.. 119 3.1 97 2.6 Unknown mother or father.... 35 0.9 51 1.4 =========================================== Hispanic origin:\1\ Total own children under 18 years....... NA NA 4,568 100.0 ------------------------------------------- Biological mother and father NA NA 3,703 81.1 Biological mother-stepfather NA NA 699 15.3 Stepmother-biological father NA NA 38 0.8 Adoptive mother and father.. NA NA 101 2.2 Unknown mother or father.... NA NA 27 0.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA: Not available. \1\Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P23-180, ``Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage in the 1990's,'' U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1992. TABLE G-11.--PERSONS LIVING IN MOTHER-ONLY FAMILIES BY MOTHER'S MARITAL STATUS, FAMILY LIVING ARRANGEMENT, AND FAMILY POVERTY STATUS, 1992\1\ [In thousands of persons] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Family living arrangement ------------------------------------------------- Family type defined by mother's marital status Total Independent Extended Unrelated families families Cohabiting\1\ families ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of persons: Total............................................. 26,609 18,455 4,379 2,240 1,535 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 9,351 5,555 2,465 910 420 Separated/other................................. 6,097 4,725 815 262 296 Divorced........................................ 9,912 7,226 945 1,006 734 Widowed......................................... 1,248 948 155 61 84 Number of poor persons: Total............................................. 13,001 9,524 1,463 1,281 733 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 5,806 3,963 936 639 269 Separated/other................................. 3,357 2,744 302 141 170 Divorced........................................ 3,472 2,554 182 475 261 Widowed......................................... 365 263 43 26 32 Poverty rate (percent poor): Total............................................. 48.9 51.6 33.4 57.2 47.7 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 62.1 71.3 38.0 70.2 63.9 Separated/other................................. 55.1 58.1 37.1 53.9 57.6 Divorced........................................ 35.0 35.3 19.2 47.2 35.6 Widowed......................................... 29.3 27.8 28.0 (\3\) 38.4 Number of families: Total............................................. 9,339 6,134 1,799 865 541 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 3,448 1,879 1,063 354 152 Separated/other................................. 1,974 1,465 303 102 104 Divorced........................................ 3,497 2,483 373 386 256 Widowed......................................... 420 308 60 23 29 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\The CPS defines families on the basis of marital and blood relations, and treats families as a basic economic unit in its measures of family poverty and income. Under such definitions, an unmarried, cohabiting, couple would be viewed as two distinct economic units; either as two unrelated individuals, if no child dependents were involved, or as one or two single-parent families, if one or both members of the couple had children residing in the household. Cohabiting couples are identifiable on the CPS only by inference. The Census Bureau identifies such families as unmarried couple households--a household with only two adults who are unrelated and of the opposite sex (one of whom is the householder) with or without the presence of children under the age of 15. The CPS assigns a residing child to only one of the two adult members of the unmarried couple, even though the child may be the couple's offspring. \2\Single female-headed families (either primary or unrelated subfamilies) with children, living in a household with either an unrelated single adult male, or with an unrelated family headed by a single adult male. \3\Base of estimate less than 75,000. Estimate deemed to be unreliable. Note.--Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Numbers are estimates subject to sampling error. Caution should be exercised in interpreting differences based on small cell sizes. Percentages with a base of less than 75,000 are suppressed due to large sampling error. Marital status and family living arrangements are for the family head, as of March 1993. Poverty status is based on family income in the prior year (1992). Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service (CRS), based on analysis of the March 1993 Current Population Survey (CPS) microdata files. TABLE G-12.--PERSONS LIVING IN MOTHER-ONLY FAMILIES BY MOTHERS' MARITAL STATUS, FAMILY LIVING ARRANGEMENTS, AND FAMILY POVERTY STATUS--1987 [In thousands of persons] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Family living arrangement -------------------------------------- Unrelated Family type defined by mother's marital status Total Independent Extended families families families Cohabiting\1\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of persons: Total.............................................. 23,497 16,655 4,279 1,502 1,061 ---------------------------------------------------------- Never-married.................................... 7,210 4,116 2,325 485 284 Separated/other.................................. 5,607 4,333 894 190 191 Divorced......................................... 8,808 6,699 840 747 521 Widowed.......................................... 1,872 1,507 221 80 65 Number of poor persons: Total.............................................. 11,360 8,437 1,600 813 510 ---------------------------------------------------------- Never-married.................................... 4,553 3,052 1,005 319 178 Separated/other.................................. 3,283 2,675 347 121 141 Divorced......................................... 2,913 2,232 167 341 173 Widowed.......................................... 610 478 82 32 18 Poverty rate (percent poor): Total.............................................. 48.3 50.7 37.4 54.1 48.1 ---------------------------------------------------------- Never-married.................................... 63.1 74.2 43.2 65.7 62.4 Separated/other.................................. 58.6 61.7 38.8 63.8 73.8 Divorced......................................... 33.1 33.3 19.8 45.7 33.3 Widowed.......................................... 32.6 31.7 37.2 40.0 (\2\) Number of families: Total.............................................. 8,190 5,509 1,702 590 388 ---------------------------------------------------------- Never-married.................................... 2,689 1,391 979 203 116 Separated/other.................................. 1,786 1,334 320 69 64 Divorced......................................... 3,127 2,322 331 290 184 Widowed.......................................... 588 462 73 29 24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Single female-headed families (either primary or unrelated subfamilies) with children, living in a household with either an unrelated single adult male, or with an unrelated family headed by a single adult male. \2\Base of estimate less than 75,000. Estimate deemed to be unreliable. Note.--Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Numbers are estimates subject to sampling error. Caution should be exercised in interpreting differences based on small cell sizes. Percentages with a base of less than 75,000 are suppressed due to large sampling error. Material status and family living arrangements are for the family head, as of March 1988. Poverty status is based on family income in the prior year (1987). Source: Table prepared by CRS, based on analysis of the March 1988 CPS microdata files. TABLE G-13._CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PERSONS AND POOR PERSONS LIVING IN MOTHER-ONLY FAMILIES BY MOTHERS' MARITAL STATUS AND FAMILY LIVING ARRANGEMENT, 1987 TO 1992 [In thousands of persons] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Family living arrangement ----------------------------------------------------------- Family type defined by mother's marital status Independent Extended Unrelated Total families families Cohabiting\1\ families ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Change in number of persons: Total............................................. 3,112 1,800 100 738 474 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 2,141 1,439 141 425 136 Separated/other................................. 490 392 -79 72 105 Divorced........................................ 1,104 527 104 260 213 Widowed......................................... -624 -558 -66 -19 20 Change in number of poor persons: Total............................................. 1,641 1,087 -138 469 222 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... 1,253 911 -69 320 91 Separated/other................................. 73 69 -45 20 29 Divorced........................................ 559 322 15 134 88 Widowed......................................... -245 -215 -39 -6 14 Change in poverty rate (percent poor): Total............................................. 0.5 0.9 -4.0 3.1 -0.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- Never-married................................... -1.1 -2.8 -5.3 4.5 1.4 Separated/other................................. -3.5 -3.7 -1.7 -9.9 -16.2 Divorced........................................ 2.0 2.0 -0.6 -1.6 2.3 Widowed......................................... -3.3 -3.9 -9.3 (\2\) (\2\) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Single female-headed families (either primary or unrelated subfamilies) with children, living in a household with either an unrelated single adult male, or with an unrelated family headed by a single adult male. \2\Base of either estimate in difference is less than 75,000. Estimate deemed to be unreliable. Note.--Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Numbers are estimates subject to sampling error. Caution should be exercised in interpreting differences based on small cell sizes. Statistically significant changes at the 90 percent or better confidence interval are indicated by bold cells. Source: Table prepared by CRS, based on analysis of the March 1993 and March 1988 (revised format) CPS microdata files. TABLE G-14.--BIRTHS AND BIRTH RATES, BY RACE OF CHILD, AND BY RACE OF MOTHER,\1\ SELECTED YEARS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total births Birth rate\2\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year All other All other All races White -------------------------- All White ----------------- Total Black races Total Black -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1940...................................................... 2,559,000 2,199,000 360,000 ........... 19.4 18.6 26.7 ....... 1950...................................................... 3,632,000 3,108,000 524,000 ........... 24.1 23.0 33.3 ....... 1960...................................................... 4,257,850 3,600,744 657,106 602,264 23.7 22.7 32.1 31.9 1970...................................................... 3,731,386 3,091,264 640,122 572,362 18.4 17.4 25.1 25.3 1975...................................................... 3,144,198 2,551,996 592,202 511,581 14.6 13.6 21.0 20.7 1980...................................................... 3,612,258 2,898,732 713,526 589,616 15.9 14.9 22.5 22.1 1985...................................................... 3,760,561 2,991,373 769,188 608,193 15.8 14.8 21.4 21.3 1986...................................................... 3,756,547 2,970,439 786,108 621,221 15.6 14.6 21.4 21.5 1987...................................................... 3,809,394 2,992,488 816,906 641,567 15.7 14.6 21.8 21.9 1988...................................................... 3,909,510 3,046,162 863,348 671,976 16.0 14.8 22.5 22.6 1989...................................................... 4,040,958 3,131,991 908,967 709,395 16.4 15.1 23.1 23.5 1990...................................................... 4,158,212 3,290,273 867,939 684,336 16.7 15.8 21.7 22.4 1991...................................................... 4,110,907 3,241,273 869,634 682,602 16.3 15.4 21.1 21.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Race is determined by race of the child for 1940 through 1989 and by raced the mother for 1990 and 1991. \2\The birth rate is defined as the number of births per 1,000 of the population. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report of final natality statistics, 1991. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 42, No. 3 Suppl. DHHS, Hyattsville, MD, 1993. TABLE G-15.--NUMBERS AND RATES OF BIRTHS, ABORTIONS, AND PREGNANCIES, BY AGE AT PREGNANCY OUTCOME,\1\ ACCORDING TO YEAR, 1972-91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total number Rate (per 1,000 females) Female -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year population Induced Estimated (thousands) Births abortions miscarriages\2\ Pregnancies\3\ Birth Abortion Pregnancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Women ages 15 to 19: 1991......................... 8,371 519,577 NA NA NA 62.1 NA NA 1990......................... 8,645 521,826 350,970 139,460 1,012,260 60.4 40.6 117.1 1989......................... 8,840 506,503 370,900 136,390 1,015,790 57.3 42.0 114.9 1988......................... 9,029 478,353 392,720 134,940 1,006,010 53.0 43.5 11.4 1987......................... 9,139 462,312 381,640 130,630 974,580 50.6 41.8 106.6 1986......................... 9,206 461,905 389,240 131,310 982,450 50.2 42.3 106.7 1985......................... 9,174 467,485 399,200 133,420 100,110 51.0 43.5 109.0 1984......................... 9,287 469,682 398,870 133,830 1,002,370 50.6 42.9 107.9 1983......................... 9,515 489,286 411,330 138,990 1,039,600 51.4 43.2 109.3 1982......................... 9,809 513,758 418,740 144,620 1,077,120 52.4 42.7 109.8 1981......................... 10,096 527,392 433,330 148,810 1,109,540 52.2 42.9 109.9 1980......................... 10,381 552,161 444,780 154,910 1,151,850 53.2 42.8 111.0 1979......................... 10,497 549,472 444,600 154,350 1,146,430 52.3 42.4 109.4 1978......................... 10,555 543,407 418,790 150,560 1,112,760 51.5 39.7 105.4 1977......................... 10,581 559,154 396,630 151,500 1,107,290 52.8 37.5 104.6 1976......................... 10,582 558,744 362,680 148,020 1,069,440 52.8 34.3 101.1 1975......................... 10,466 582,238 326,780 149,130 1,058,160 55.6 31.2 101.1 1974......................... 10,350 595,449 279,700 147,060 1,022,220 57.5 27.0 98.8 1973......................... 10,193 604,096 231,900 144,010 980,000 59.3 22.8 96.1 1972......................... 9,988 616,280 191,000 142,360 949,640 61.7 19.1 95.1 Women under age 15:\4\ 1991......................... 1,661 12,014 NA NA NA 7.2 NA NA 1990......................... 1,593 11,657 12,580 3,590 27,830 7.3 7.9 17.5 1989......................... 1,608 11,486 12,750 3,570 27,810 7.1 7.9 17.3 1988......................... 1,573 10,588 13,650 3,480 27,720 6.7 8.7 17.6 1987......................... 1,613 10,311 14,270 3,490 28,000 6.4 8.8 17.4 1986......................... 1,706 10,176 15,690 3,600 29,470 6.0 9.2 17.3 1985......................... 1,853 10,220 16,970 3,740 30,930 5.5 9.2 16.7 1984......................... 1,819 9,965 16,920 3,690 30,570 5.5 9.3 16.8 1983......................... 1,781 9,752 16,350 3,590 29,690 5.5 9.2 16.7 1982......................... 1,748 9,773 14,590 3,410 27,770 5.6 8.3 15.9 1981......................... 1,787 9,632 15,240 3,450 28,320 5.4 8.5 15.8 1980......................... 1,850 10,169 15,340 3,570 29,080 5.5 8.4 15.9 1979......................... 1,944 10,699 16,220 3,760 30,680 5.5 8.3 15.8 1978......................... 2,020 10,772 15,110 3,670 29,550 5.3 7.5 14.6 1977......................... 2,048 11,455 15,650 3,860 30,970 5.6 7.6 15.1 1976......................... 2,080 11,928 15,820 3,960 31,710 5.7 7.6 15.2 1975......................... 2,118 12,642 15,260 4,050 31,950 6.0 7.2 15.1 1974......................... 2,086 12,529 13,420 3,850 29,800 6.0 6.4 14.3 1973......................... 2,094 12,861 11,630 3,740 28,230 6.1 5.6 13.5 1972......................... 2,093 12,082 NA NA NA 5.8 NA NA Women ages 15 to 17: 1991......................... 4,860 188,225 NA NA NA 38,7 NA NA 1990......................... 4,881 183,327 129,820 49,650 362,800 37.6 26.6 74.3 1989......................... 4,974 181,044 139,130 50,120 370,290 36.4 26.0 74.4 1988......................... 5,251 176,624 158,330 51,160 386,110 33.6 30.2 73.5 1987......................... 5,450 172,591 161,120 50,630 384,340 31.7 29.6 70.5 1986......................... 5,520 168,572 165,240 50,240 384,050 30.5 29.9 69.6 1985......................... 5,409 167,789 165,630 50,120 383,540 31.0 30.6 70.9 1984......................... 5,373 166,744 160,900 49,440 377,080 31.0 29.9 70.2 1983......................... 5,424 172,673 166,440 51,180 390,290 31.8 30.7 72.0 1982......................... 5,618 181,162 168,410 53,070 402,640 32.2 30.0 71.7 1981......................... 5,848 187,397 175,930 55,070 418,400 32.0 30.1 71.5 1980......................... 6,063 198,222 183,350 57,980 439,550 32.7 30.2 72.5 1979......................... 6,200 200,137 178,570 57,880 436,590 32.3 28.8 70.4 1978......................... 6,286 202,661 169,270 57,460 429,390 32.2 26.9 68.3 1977......................... 6,310 213,788 165,610 59,320 438,720 33.9 26.2 69.5 1976......................... 6,319 215,493 152,700 58,370 426,560 34.1 24.2 67.5 1975......................... 6,288 238,403 151,630 60,620 439,530 36.1 24.1 69.9 1974......................... 6,276 234,177 139,850 60,820 434,860 37.3 22.3 69.3 1973......................... 6,185 238,403 115,950 59,280 413,630 38.5 18.7 66.9 1972......................... 6,071 236,641 95,500 56,880 389,020 39.0 15.7 64.1 Women ages 18 to 19: 1991......................... 3,510 331,351 NA NA NA 94.4 NA NA 1990......................... 3,762 338,499 221,150 89,810 649,460 90.0 58.8 172.6 1989......................... 3,865 325,459 231,770 88,270 645,500 84.2 60.0 167.0 1988......................... 3,778 301,729 234,390 83,780 619,900 79.9 62.0 164.1 1987......................... 3,689 289,721 220,520 80,000 590,240 78.5 59.8 160.0 1986......................... 3,686 293,333 224,000 81,070 598,400 79.6 60.8 162.3 1985......................... 3,765 299,696 233,570 83,300 616,570 79.6 62.0 163.8 1984......................... 3,914 302,938 237,970 84,390 625,290 77.4 60.8 159.8 1983......................... 4,092 316,613 244,890 87,810 649,310 77.4 59.8 158.7 1982......................... 4,191 332,596 250,330 91,550 674,480 79.4 59.7 160.9 1981......................... 4,248 339,995 257,400 93,740 691,140 80.0 60.6 162.7 1980......................... 4,313 353,939 261,430 96,930 712,300 81.9 60.5 164.9 1979......................... 4,297 349,335 266,030 96,470 711,840 81.3 61.9 165.7 1978......................... 4,269 340,746 249,520 93,100 683,370 79.8 58.4 160.1 1977......................... 4,271 345,366 231,020 92,180 668,570 80.9 54.1 156.5 1976......................... 4,263 343,251 209,980 89,650 642,880 80.5 49.3 150.8 1975......................... 4,178 354,968 175,150 88,510 618,630 85.0 41.9 148.1 1974......................... 4,074 361,272 139,850 86,240 587,360 88.7 34.3 144.2 1973......................... 4,008 365,693 115,950 84,730 566,370 91.2 28.9 141.3 1972......................... 3,917 379,639 95,500 85,480 560,620 96.9 24.4 143.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Women's age is determined by the time the pregnancy ended. More pregnancies were experienced by teenagers than are reported here because most of the 19-year-olds who became pregnant had their births or abortions at age 20 and thus were not counted. \2\Calculated as 20 percent of births and 10 percent of abortions. \3\Sum of births, abortions and miscarriages. \4\Population is women aged 14. NA: data not available. Source: Stanley Henshaw, The Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, based on the following sources: Population: 1972- 1979: U.S. Bureau of the Census, ``Preliminary Estimates of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex and Race: 1970-1981,'' Current Population Reports (CPR), P-25, No. 917, 1982, Table 2. 1980-1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, ``U.S. Population Estimates, by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to 1991,'' CPR, P-25, No. 1095, 1993, Table 1. Births: 1991: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), ``Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics,'' Monthly Vital Statistics Report (MVSR), Table 2. Abortions: 1972: Centers for Disease Control, Abortion Surveillance: 1972, Atlanta, 1974. 1973-1988: S.K. Henshaw and J. Van Vort Abortion Factbook, 1992 Edition; Readings, Trends, and State and Local Data to 1988, The Alan Guttmarcher Institute, New York, 1992, Table 1, p. 172. 1989-1990: Unpublished data based on an estimate of 1,566,870 abortions in 1989 and 1,608,620 in 1990. TABLE G-16.--NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND BIRTH RATES TO WOMEN AGES 15 TO 19, BY RACE OF CHILD AND BY RACE OF MOTHER,\1\ 1960 TO 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of births, Birth rate\2\ all women under 20 ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------- All women 15 15 to 17 18 to 19 Year to 19 ------------------------------- White Black ---------------- White Black White Black White Black ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960...................................... 460,654 122,260 79.4 156.1 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1961...................................... 474,514 ......... 79.2 155.2 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1962...................................... 462,522 ......... 73.2 147.1 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1963...................................... 445,892 ......... 68.2 142.6 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1964...................................... 447,034 140,422 63.4 147.6 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1965...................................... 446,198 146,268 60.6 144.6 ...... ...... ...... ...... 1966...................................... 467,778 155,110 60.4 142.7 26.6 97.9 108.2 219.2 1967...................................... 438,000 160,285 58.9 141.8 25.7 99.5 104.0 213.4 1968...................................... 429,616 163,892 54.9 138.7 25.6 98.2 100.5 206.1 1969...................................... 437,958 168,588 54.7 137.0 26.4 96.9 99.2 202.5 1970...................................... 467,928 179,100 57.4 140.7 29.2 101.4 101.5 204.9 1971...................................... 450,856 178,948 53.6 134.5 28.5 99.4 92.3 192.6 1972...................................... 438,559 179,712 51.0 129.8 29.3 99.5 84.3 179.5 1973...................................... 429,740 176,551 49.0 123.1 29.2 96.0 79.3 166.6 1974...................................... 425,205 171,721 47.9 116.5 28.7 90.0 77.3 158.7 1975...................................... 415,202 168,359 46.4 111.8 28.0 85.6 74.0 152.4 1976...................................... 389,329 160,597 44.1 104.9 26.3 80.3 70.2 142.5 1977...................................... 396,854 161,772 44.1 104.7 26.1 79.6 70.5 142.9 1978...................................... 384,572 157,069 42.9 100.9 24.9 75.0 69.4 139.7 1979...................................... 388,209 158,944 43.7 101.7 24.7 75.7 71.0 140.4 1980...................................... 392,229 156,146 44.7 100.0 25.2 73.6 72.1 138.8 1981...................................... 373,983 148,703 44.3 96.5 25.1 70.4 70.4 134.4 1982...................................... 362,101 145,929 44.3 96.4 25.1 70.8 69.7 132.4 1983...................................... 342,183 142,105 43.3 95.8 24.7 70.6 67.7 130.2 1984...................................... 324,912 140,112 42.2 96.1 23.9 70.4 67.3 131.3 1985...................................... 322,826 140,130 42.5 97.9 24.0 70.7 69.2 136.4 1986...................................... 315,335 141,606 41.5 98.8 23.3 71.1 68.7 140.0 1987...................................... 312,108 144,853 41.5 101.1 24.0 74.2 67.3 141.4 1988...................................... 319,544 152,508 43.2 106.9 25.3 78.1 67.8 149.4 1989...................................... 335,731 163,609 46.6 116.2 27.4 84.4 70.9 159.4 1990...................................... 359,456 157,951 50.8 112.8 29.5 82.3 78.0 152.9 1991...................................... 357,548 157,375 52.8 115.5 30.7 84.1 83.5 158.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Race is determined by race of the child for 1960 through 1989 and by race of the mother for 1990 and 1991. \2\Births per 1,000 women in the age group. Sources: National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1989, Natality, 1993; previous issues of this annual report. National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1991 (Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 42, No. 3, Suppl., 1993). TABLE G-17.--ESTIMATED BIRTH RATES FOR UNMARRIED WOMEN AGES 15-19, BY RACE OF CHILD AND BY RACE OF MOTHER\1\: 1966 TO 1991 [Births per 1,000 women] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ White Black Year ------------------------------------------- 15 to 17 18 to 19 15 to 17 18 to 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1966........................ 5.4 14.1 ......... ......... 1970........................ 7.5 17.6 77.9 136.4 1975........................ 9.6 16.5 76.8 123.8 1980........................ 11.8 23.6 69.6 120.2 1985........................ 14.2 30.4 67.9 120.4 1986........................ 14.5 32.7 68.4 124.3 1987........................ 15.8 33.5 71.6 126.8 1988........................ 17.1 35.7 75.6 135.1 1989........................ 18.7 38.9 80.9 146.2 1990........................ 20.4 44.9 78.8 143.7 1991........................ 21.8 49.6 80.4 148.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\Race is determined by race of the child for 1966 through 1989 and by race of the mother for 1990 and 1991. Note.--For 1966-75, births to unmarried women are estimated for the United States from the data for registration areas in which marital status of mother was reported. Beginning 1980, data for states in which marital status was not reported have been inferred and included with data from the remaining states. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1989, Volume I, Natality, 1993. National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1991 (Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol 42, No. 3, Suppl., 1993). TABLE G-18.--ESTIMATED PREGNANCIES\1\ PER 1,000 WOMEN AGED 15-19, BY RACE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1980 1985 1988 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total White Black Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama.............................................. 117 NA NA 112 NA NA 110 NA NA Alaska............................................... 124 NA NA 144 NA NA 111 NA NA Arizona.............................................. 123 115 195 128 124 150 127 122 160 Arkansas............................................. 117 104 168 111 99 150 115 99 168 California........................................... 140 127 272 151 NA NA 154 NA NA Colorado............................................. 114 105 192 112 107 187 102 98 148 Connecticut.......................................... 81 NA NA 96 NA NA 107 NA NA Delaware............................................. 106 NA NA 101 NA NA 117 NA NA District of Columbia................................. 200 NA NA 211 NA NA 209 NA NA Florida.............................................. 131 NA NA 126 NA NA 133 NA NA Georgia.............................................. 131 111 172 132 115 160 122 98 171 Hawaii............................................... 106 81 NA 125 97 137 134 96 149 Idaho................................................ 96 96 NA 78 77 NA 73 73 NA Illinois............................................. 101 78 190 103 NA NA 112 NA NA Indiana.............................................. 102 92 193 87 77 170 89 54 134 Iowa................................................. 79 NA NA 67 NA NA 69 NA NA Kansas............................................... 101 93 199 84 78 150 88 79 178 Kentucky............................................. 111 NA NA 92 NA NA 96 NA NA Louisiana............................................ 118 93 163 109 88 142 107 79 153 Maine................................................ 87 86 NA 92 91 NA 82 81 NA Maryland............................................. 123 103 174 121 94 184 129 92 204 Massachusetts........................................ 86 NA NA 97 NA NA 97 NA NA Michigan............................................. 102 NA NA 107 NA NA 111 NA NA Minnesota............................................ 77 73 240 62 55 222 69 60 195 Mississippi.......................................... 125 97 162 113 90 138 106 77 142 Missouri............................................. 106 92 205 95 79 195 99 78 220 Montana.............................................. 93 85 NA 82 74 NA 74 64 NA Nebraska............................................. 81 NA NA 75 NA NA 75 NA NA Nevada............................................... 144 134 226 125 118 168 142 134 190 New Hampshire........................................ 81 NA NA 89 NA NA 87 NA NA New Jersey........................................... 96 74 210 113 70 296 112 30 107 New Mexico........................................... 126 118 NA 116 115 126 124 122 140 New York............................................. 101 78 207 117 89 225 116 89 199 North Carolina....................................... 110 92 153 114 97 152 122 99 177 North Dakota......................................... 75 68 NA 60 53 NA 57 49 NA Ohio................................................. 101 88 190 96 83 177 96 51 136 Oklahoma............................................. 120 107 187 113 NA NA 105 62 123 Oregon............................................... 119 112 NA 95 94 119 105 103 128 Pennsylvania......................................... 90 NA NA 87 NA NA 87 NA NA Rhode Island......................................... 83 NA NA 89 NA NA 86 NA NA South Carolina....................................... 114 98 140 102 92 117 114 93 148 South Dakota......................................... 86 74 NA 70 57 NA 69 55 NA Tennessee............................................ 113 102 157 104 95 134 110 93 177 Texas................................................ 137 NA NA 131 NA NA 117 NA NA Utah................................................. 95 94 NA 75 73 NA 69 67 NA Vermont.............................................. 95 94 NA 82 83 NA 81 81 NA Virginia............................................. 107 94 152 106 93 141 106 89 156 Washington........................................... 122 NA NA 103 97 165 109 103 157 West Virginia........................................ 104 NA NA 87 NA NA 78 NA NA Wisconsin............................................ 85 NA NA 73 NA NA 74 NA NA Wyoming.............................................. 127 NA NA 98 NA NA 82 NA NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total............................................ 111 NA NA 110 93 NA NA NA NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Pregnancy Rates are calculated as the sum of 1.2xthe birth rate and 1.1xthe abortion rate. NA: Data not available. Source: Lotus Diskettes, Child Tends, Inc., Washington, D.C. March, 1994. TABLE G-19.--ABORTIONS PER 1,000 WOMEN AGED 15-19, BY RACE, BASED ON STATE OF RESIDENCE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1980 1985 1988 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total White Black Total White Black Total White Black -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama.............................................. 32 NA NA 32 NA NA 32 NA NA Alaska............................................... 43 NA NA 59 NA NA 38 NA NA Arizona.............................................. 41 39 41 43 46 27 40 42 25 Arkansas............................................. 25 26 23 23 23 21 27 27 30 California........................................... 69 60 150 79 NA NA 76 NA NA Colorado............................................. 49 43 76 51 49 84 39 38 50 Connecticut.......................................... 40 NA NA 52 NA NA 58 NA NA Delaware............................................. 40 NA NA 37 NA NA 49 NA NA District of Columbia................................. 114 NA NA 113 NA NA 110 NA NA Florida.............................................. 55 NA NA 51 NA NA 52 NA NA Georgia.............................................. 41 42 36 44 42 46 37 32 45 Hawaii............................................... 41 40 NA 61 59 62 68 58 71 Idaho................................................ 23 23 NA 21 21 NA 17 18 8 Illinois............................................. 31 25 40 38 NA NA 43 NA NA Indiana.............................................. 30 27 53 24 21 47 25 NA NA Iowa................................................. 25 NA NA 25 NA NA 27 NA NA Kansas............................................... 30 29 44 23 23 28 27 25 38 Kentucky............................................. 22 NA NA 16 NA NA 22 20 46 Louisiana............................................ 24 22 28 22 21 24 23 21 26 Maine................................................ 27 27 NA 36 36 NA 30 29 63 Maryland............................................. 64 59 76 59 51 77 61 49 87 Massachusetts........................................ 47 NA NA 45 NA NA 53 NA NA Michigan............................................. 44 NA NA 50 NA NA 49 NA NA Minnesota............................................ 31 31 81 24 23 47 29 28 49 Mississippi.......................................... 22 27 16 19 22 15 16 17 15 Missouri............................................. 34 29 61 29 25 55 30 23 72 Montana.............................................. 32 32 NA 28 29 NA 24 25 16 Nebraska............................................. 24 NA NA 27 NA NA 27 NA NA Nevada............................................... 67 67 66 57 58 45 59 60 49 New Hampshire........................................ 37 NA NA 46 NA NA 43 NA NA New Jersey........................................... 49 41 85 63 38 170 60 NA NA New Mexico........................................... 36 35 NA 30 33 12 35 36 24 New York............................................. 54 42 107 64 49 120 61 47 107 North Carolina....................................... 38 35 43 41 38 48 45 40 57 North Dakota......................................... 23 22 NA 17 18 NA 18 19 13 Ohio................................................. 35 30 64 33 28 59 31 NA NA Oklahoma............................................. 27 27 32 29 NA NA 27 NA NA Oregon............................................... 52 49 NA 41 41 37 43 43 47 Pennsylvania......................................... 38 NA NA 35 NA NA 34 NA NA Rhode Island......................................... 40 NA NA 40 NA NA 36 NA NA South Carolina....................................... 33 36 27 26 30 20 33 33 33 South Dakota......................................... 21 20 NA 18 18 NA 15 16 3 Tennessee............................................ 33 33 33 29 29 31 31 27 42 Texas................................................ 44 NA NA 39 NA NA 31 30 38 Utah................................................. 15 14 NA 15 14 NA 15 14 32 Vermont.............................................. 43 43 NA 36 36 NA 37 37 26 Virginia............................................. 45 44 48 45 43 49 46 42 59 Washington........................................... 60 NA NA 46 44 62 47 45 61 West Virginia........................................ 20 NA NA 19 NA NA 17 NA NA Wisconsin............................................ 34 NA NA 25 NA NA 26 NA NA Wyoming.............................................. 29 NA NA 30 NA NA 23 NA NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total............................................ 43 38 NA 44 38 71 NA NA NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NA: Data not available. Source: Lotus Diskettes, Child Trends, Inc., Washington, D.C., March 1994. TABLE G-20.--BIRTH RATES PER 1,000 WOMEN AGED 15-19, BY RACE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1980 1985 1990 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total White Black Total White Black Total White Black -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama.............................................. 68 53 103 64 51 94 71 55 105 Alaska............................................... 64 48 123 56 42 82 65 54 91 Arizona.............................................. 66 60 124 67 61 122 76 72 115 Arkansas............................................. 75 63 118 73 61 120 80 66 132 California........................................... 53 51 89 53 50 93 71 74 101 Colorado............................................. 50 48 91 48 46 88 55 52 106 Connecticut.......................................... 31 24 90 31 24 93 39 31 103 Delaware............................................. 51 37 110 51 36 116 55 37 120 District of Columbia................................. 62 16 74 72 17 89 93 12 121 Florida.............................................. 59 43 126 58 43 121 69 53 135 Georgia.............................................. 72 54 110 68 53 98 76 57 116 Hawaii............................................... 51 31 143 48 27 107 61 42 68 Idaho................................................ 60 59 NA 47 45 65 51 50 58 Illinois............................................. 56 41 122 51 35 119 63 44 144 Indiana.............................................. 58 52 112 52 46 110 59 52 122 Iowa................................................. 43 41 126 35 33 101 41 39 119 Kansas............................................... 57 51 125 52 47 112 56 51 132 Kentucky............................................. 72 69 107 63 61 91 68 64 116 Louisiana............................................ 76 58 110 72 53 108 74 52 112 Maine................................................ 47 47 NA 42 42 54 43 43 91 Maryland............................................. 43 31 76 46 32 82 53 36 96 Massachusetts........................................ 28 26 74 29 26 76 35 31 90 Michigan............................................. 45 37 92 43 35 86 59 43 131 Minnesota............................................ 35 33 126 31 27 129 36 31 152 Mississippi.......................................... 84 56 120 76 52 109 81 56 113 Missouri............................................. 58 50 115 54 45 119 63 50 144 Montana.............................................. 49 42 NA 44 35 114 48 40 72 Nebraska............................................. 45 41 117 40 34 129 42 37 135 Nevada............................................... 59 50 128 55 47 122 73 69 129 New Hampshire........................................ 34 33 NA 32 33 26 33 33 46 New Jersey........................................... 35 23 97 34 22 94 41 28 100 New Mexico........................................... 72 66 107 73 68 104 78 76 95 New York............................................. 35 26 74 36 28 74 44 37 76 North Carolina....................................... 58 45 88 57 45 85 68 52 107 North Dakota......................................... 42 36 NA 36 30 92 35 29 65 Ohio................................................. 53 46 100 50 42 104 58 48 129 Oklahoma............................................. 75 64 126 69 60 113 67 60 116 Oregon............................................... 51 49 114 43 42 95 55 54 108 Pennsylvania......................................... 41 35 91 40 32 106 45 35 125 Rhode Island......................................... 33 30 96 36 31 116 44 39 114 South Carolina....................................... 65 49 92 63 47 91 71 54 101 South Dakota......................................... 53 43 NA 46 34 156 47 35 75 Tennessee............................................ 64 55 100 61 52 100 72 60 121 Texas................................................ 74 68 112 72 68 104 75 71 114 Utah................................................. 65 65 97 50 49 110 49 48 110 Vermont.............................................. 40 40 NA 36 36 11 34 34 33 Virginia............................................. 48 38 82 46 36 82 53 41 99 Washington........................................... 47 44 97 45 41 102 53 52 94 West Virginia........................................ 68 67 80 54 54 67 57 57 74 Wisconsin............................................ 40 35 128 39 31 148 43 31 175 Wyoming.............................................. 79 77 NA 59 56 138 56 55 99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total............................................ 53.0 45 100 51.0 NA NA 59.9 NA NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NA: Data not available. Source: Lotus Diskettes, Child Trends, Inc., Washington, D.C., March 1994. TABLE G-21.--PERCENTAGE OF BABIES BORN TO WOMEN OBTAINING EARLY CARE, OR LATE OR NO CARE,\1\ BY RACE OF CHILD AND BY RACE OF MOTHER,\2\ SELECTED YEARS, 1970-91 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent born to women Percent born to women obtaining early care obtaining late or no care Year ----------------------------------------------------- White Black Total White Black Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970...................................................... 72.4 44.4 68.0 6.2 16.6 7.9 1975...................................................... 75.9 55.8 72.4 5.0 10.5 6.0 1980...................................................... 79.3 62.7 76.3 4.3 8.8 5.1 1981...................................................... 79.4 62.4 76.3 4.3 9.1 5.2 1982...................................................... 79.3 61.5 76.1 4.5 9.6 5.5 1983...................................................... 79.4 61.5 76.2 4.6 9.7 5.6 1984...................................................... 79.6 62.2 76.5 4.7 9.6 5.6 1985...................................................... 79.4 61.8 76.2 4.7 10.0 5.7 1986...................................................... 79.2 61.6 75.9 5.0 10.6 6.0 1987...................................................... 79.4 61.1 76.0 5.0 11.1 6.1 1988...................................................... 79.4 61.1 75.9 5.0 10.9 6.1 1989...................................................... 79.0 60.4 75.5 5.2 11.7 6.4 1990...................................................... 79.2 60.6 75.8 4.9 11.3 6.1 1991...................................................... 79.5 61.9 76.2 4.7 10.7 5.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Early care is defined as care received in the first through third month of pregnancy. Late or no care is received in the final trimester, or the seventh through ninth month, or no care received. \2\Race is determined by race of the child for 1970 through 1989 and by race of the mother for 1990 and 1990. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, Volume I, Natality (annual issues). National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1991 (Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 42, No. 3, Suppl., 1993). TABLE G-22.--INFANT, NEONATAL AND POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY RATES BY RACE,\1\ FOR SELECTED YEARS, 1940-91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ All other Year All races White ------------------------- Total Black ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Infant Mortality Rate\2\ 1940................ 47.0 43.2 73.8 72.9 1950................ 29.2 26.8 44.5 43.9 1960................ 26.0 22.9 43.2 44.3 1970................ 20.0 17.8 30.9 32.6 1975................ 16.1 14.2 24.2 26.2 1980................ 12.6 11.0 19.1 21.4 1985................ 10.6 9.3 15.8 18.2 1986................ 10.4 8.9 15.7 18.0 1987................ 10.1 8.6 15.4 17.9 1988................ 10.0 8.5 15.0 17.6 1989................ 9.8 8.1 16.3 18.6 1990................ 9.2 7.6 15.5 18.0 1991................ 8.9 7.3 15.1 17.6 Neonatal Mortality Rate\3\ 1940................ 28.8 27.2 39.7 39.9 1950................ 20.5 19.4 27.5 27.8 1960................ 18.7 17.2 26.9 27.8 1970................ 15.1 13.8 21.4 22.8 1975................ 11.6 10.4 16.8 18.3 1980................ 8.5 7.5 12.5 14.1 1985................ 7.0 6.1 10.3 12.1 1986................ 6.7 5.8 10.1 11.7 1987................ 6.5 5.5 10.0 11.7 1988................ 6.3 5.4 9.7 11.5 1989................ 6.2 5.1 10.3 11.9 1990................ 5.8 4.8 9.9 11.6 1991................ 5.6 4.5 9.5 11.2 Postneonatal Mortality Rate\4\ 1940................ 18.3 16.0 34.1 33.0 1950................ 8.7 7.4 16.9 16.1 1960................ 7.3 5.7 16.4 16.5 1970................ 4.9 4.0 9.5 9.9 1975................ 4.5 3.8 7.5 7.9 1980................ 4.1 3.5 6.6 7.3 1985................ 3.7 3.2 5.5 6.1 1986................ 3.6 3.1 5.6 6.3 1987................ 3.6 3.1 5.4 6.1 1988................ 3.6 3.1 5.4 6.2 1989................ 3.6 2.9 6.0 6.7 1990................ 3.4 2.8 5.7 6.4 1991................ 3.4 2.8 5.6 6.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\As of 1989, race for live births (the denominator of infant mortality rates) is tabulated according to race of mother. For all prior years, race is tabulated according to race of child. \2\Deaths before the age of one. \3\Deaths under 28 days. \4\Deaths from 28 days to 11 months. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1991. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 42, No. 2 Suppl. DHHS, Hyattsville, MD, 1993. TABLE G-23.--ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) CASES, ACCORDING TO AGE AT DIAGNOSIS, SEX, RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN 1985-92 [Data are based on reporting by State health departments] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All years\1\ Number, by year of report Age at diagnosis, sex, race, and --------------------- All --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hispanic origin Percentdistribution years\1\ 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total\2\.................. ... 244,939 8,210 13,147 21,088 30,719 33,595 41,653 43,701 45,472 Male All males, 13 years and over\2\. 100,0 214,981 7,555 12,002 19,082 27,108 29,625 36,378 37,656 38,789 White, not Hispanic............. 58.0 124,778 4,798 7,527 12,332 16,060 17,509 20,935 20,686 20,740 Black, not Hispanic............. 27.5 59,083 1,712 2,760 4,321 7,159 8,055 10,292 11,105 12,031 Hispanic........................ 13.4 28.809 987 1,608 2,242 3,648 3,729 4,749 5,431 5,498 Female All females, 13 years and over\2\........................ 100.0 25,928 526 962 1,684 3,040 3,374 4,552 5,378 5,940 White, not Hispanic............. 26.7 6,924 143 268 545 853 949 1,228 1,362 1,457 Black, not Hispanic............. 56.1 14,538 286 523 896 1,655 1,896 2,543 3,101 3,391 Hispanic........................ 16.2 4,207 93 160 229 500 493 741 862 1,026 Children All children under 13 years\2\.. 100.0 4,030 129 183 322 571 596 723 667 743 White, not Hispanic............. 21.6 871 27 42 85 150 111 162 145 128 Black, not Hispanic............. 57.3 2.308 83 105 162 304 342 385 403 468 Hispanic........................ 20.1 811 19 35 72 112 136 168 112 138 Under 1 year.................... 39.7 1,601 54 78 141 193 239 284 248 305 1 to 12 years................... 60.3 2,429 75 105 181 378 357 439 419 438 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Includes cases prior to 1985. \2\Includes all other races not shown separately. Note: The AIDS case definition as changed in September 1987 to allow for the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and conditions and to expand the spectrum of human Immunodeficiency virus-associated diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of U.S. territories. Data are updated periodically because of reporting delays. Data for all years have been updated through December 31, 1992. Source: National Center for Health Statistics: ``Health, United States, 1992,'' DHHS Pub.No. (PHS) 93-1232. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993. Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program. TABLE G-24.--TOBACCO, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS, BY SUBSTANCE AND FREQUENCY OF USE, 1975-92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Class of Substance and frequency of use --------------------------------------- 1975 1980 1985 1989 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percentage reporting having ever used Cigarettes...................... 73.6 71.0 68.8 65.7 61.8 Alcohol......................... 90.4 93.2 92.2 90.7 87.5 Any illicit drug................ 55.2 65.4 60.6 50.9 40.7 Marijuana only.............. 19.0 26.7 20.9 19.5 15.6 Any illicit drug other than marijuana\1\............... 36.2 38.7 39.7 31.4 25.1 Selected illicit drugs: Cocaine..................... 9.0 15.7 17.3 10.3 6.1 Heroin...................... 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 LSD......................... 11.3 9.3 7.5 8.3 8.6 Marijuana/hashish........... 47.3 60.3 54.2 43.7 32.6 PCP......................... NA 9.6 4.9 3.9 2.4 Percentage reporting use of drugs in the previous 30 days Cigarettes...................... 36.7 30.5 30.1 28.6 27.8 Alcohol..................... 68.2 72.0 65.9 60.0 51.3 Any illicit drug............ 30.7 37.2 29.7 19.7 14.4 Marijuana only.......... 15.3 18.8 14.8 10.6 8.1 Any illicit drug other than marijuana\1\...... 15.4 18.4 14.9 9.1 6.3 Selected illicit drugs: Cocaine..................... 1.9 5.2 6.7 2.8 1.3 Heroin...................... 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 LSD......................... 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 Marijuana/hashish........... 27.1 33.7 25.7 16.7 11.9 PCP......................... NA 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA: Not available. \1\Other illicit drugs include hallucinogens, cocaine, and heroin, or any other opiates, stimulants, sedatives, or tranquilizers nor prescribed by a doctor. Note.--A revised questionnaire was used in 1982 and later years to reduce the inappropriate reporting of nonprescription stimulants. This slightly reduced the positive responses for some types of drug use. Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-92, and University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future, various years. TABLE G-25.--DEATH RATES FOR ALL CAUSES, ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE, AND AGE: UNITED STATES, 1950 TO 1991 [Deaths per 100,000 resident population] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex, race and age 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races Under 1 year.............................................. 3,299.2 2,696.4 2,142.4 1,288.3 971.9 916.6 1 to 4 years.............................................. 139.4 109.1 84.5 63.9 46.8 47.4 5 to 14 years............................................. 60.1 46.6 41.3 30.6 24.0 23.6 15 to 24 years............................................ 128.1 106.3 127.7 115.4 99.2 100.1 White males Under 1 year.............................................. 3,400.5 2,694.1 2,113.2 1,230.3 896.1 860.3 1 to 4 years.............................................. 135.5 104.9 83.6 66.1 45.9 45.5 5 to 14 years............................................. 67.2 52.7 48.0 35.0 26.4 26.5 15 to 24 years............................................ 152.4 143.7 170.8 167.0 131.3 128.2 Black males Under 1 year.............................................. ....... 5,306.8 4,298.9 2,586.7 2,112.4 1,957.4 1 to 4 years.............................................. ....... 208.5 150.5 110.5 85.8 88.4 5 to 14 years............................................. 95.1 75.1 67.1 47.4 41.7 42.4 15 to 24 years............................................ 289.7 212.0 320.6 209.1 252.2 278.1 White females Under 1 year.............................................. 2,566.8 2,007.7 1,614.6 962.5 690.0 659.2 1 to 4 years.............................................. 112.2 85.2 66.1 49.3 36.1 37.6 5 to 14 years............................................. 45.1 34.7 29.9 22.9 17.9 17.2 15 to 24 years............................................ 71.5 54.9 61.6 55.5 45.9 46.6 Black females Under 1 year.............................................. ....... 4,162.2 3,368.8 2,123.7 1,735.5 1,580.8 1 to 4 years.............................................. ....... 173.3 129.4 84.4 67.6 70.8 5 to 14 years............................................. 72.2 53.8 43.8 30.5 27.5 25.8 15 to 24 years............................................ 213.1 107.5 111.9 70.5 68.7 72.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: National Center for Health Statistics: National Vital Statistics System, Unpublished Tabulations. February, 1994. Note: Death rates under 1 year (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births). TABLE G-26.--DEATH RATES FOR MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS, ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE, AND AGE: UNITED STATES, 1950 TO 1991 [Deaths per 100,000 resident population] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex, race and age 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Races Under 1 year.............................................. 8.4 8.1 9.8 7.0 4.9 4.3 1 to 4 years.............................................. 11.5 10.0 11.5 9.2 6.3 5.9 5 to 14 years............................................. 8.8 7.9 10.2 7.9 5.9 5.6 15 to 24 years............................................ 34.4 38.0 47.2 44.8 34.1 32.0 15 to 24 years White male................................................ 58.3 62.7 75.2 73.8 52.5 48.3 Black male................................................ 41.6 46.4 58.1 34.9 36.1 35.0 White female.............................................. 12.6 15.6 22.7 23.0 19.5 19.6 Black female.............................................. 11.5 9.9 13.4 8.0 9.9 10.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: National Center for Health Statistics: National Vital Statistics System, Unpublished Tabulations. February, 1994. TABLE G-27.--DEATH RATES FOR HOMICIDE AND LEGAL INTERVENTION, ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE AND AGE: UNITED STATES 1950 TO 1991 [Deaths per 100,000 resident population] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex, race, and age 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races 5 to 14 years............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 15 to 24 years............................................ 6.3 5.9 11.7 15.6 19.9 22.4 15 to 24 years White male................................................ 3.7 4.4 7.9 15.5 15.4 16.9 Black male................................................ 58.9 46.4 102.5 84.3 138.3 158.9 White female.............................................. 1.3 1.5 2.7 4.7 4.0 4.4 Black female.............................................. 16.5 11.9 17.7 18.4 18.9 21.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: National Center for Health Statistics: National Vital Statistics System, Unpublished Tabulations. February, 1994. TABLE G-28.--DEATH RATES FOR SUICIDE ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE, AND AGE: IN UNITED STATES, 1950 TO 1991 [Deaths per 100,000 resident population] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex, race and age 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1991 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races 5 to 14 years............................................. 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 15 to 24 years............................................ 4.5 5.2 8.8 12.3 13.2 13.1 15 to 24 years White male................................................ 6.6 8.6 13.9 21.4 23.2 23.0 Black male................................................ 4.9 4.1 10.5 12.3 15.1 16.4 White female.............................................. 2.7 2.3 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.2 Black female.............................................. 1.8 1.3 3.8 2.3 2.3 1.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: National Center for Health Statistics: National Vital Statistics System, Unpublished Tabulations. February, 1994. TABLE G-29.--MEAN SAT SCORES FOR COLLEGE-BOUND SENIORS 1967-93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Verbal Math ----------------------------------------------------- Females Females Males Total Males Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1967\1\................................................... 463 468 466 514 467 492 1968\1\................................................... 464 466 466 512 470 492 1969\1\................................................... 459 466 463 513 470 493 1970\1\................................................... 459 461 460 509 465 488 1971\1\................................................... 454 457 455 507 466 488 1972...................................................... 454 452 453 505 461 484 1973...................................................... 446 443 445 502 460 481 1974...................................................... 447 442 444 501 459 480 1975...................................................... 437 431 434 495 449 472 1976...................................................... 433 430 431 497 446 472 1977...................................................... 431 427 429 497 445 470 1978...................................................... 433 425 429 494 444 468 1979...................................................... 431 423 427 493 443 467 1980...................................................... 428 420 424 491 443 466 1981...................................................... 430 418 424 492 443 466 1982...................................................... 431 421 426 493 443 467 1983...................................................... 430 420 425 493 445 468 1984...................................................... 433 420 426 495 449 471 1985...................................................... 437 425 431 499 452 475 1986...................................................... 437 426 431 501 451 475 1987...................................................... 435 425 430 500 453 476 1988...................................................... 435 422 428 498 455 476 1989...................................................... 434 421 427 500 454 476 1990...................................................... 429 419 424 499 455 476 1991...................................................... 426 418 422 497 453 474 1992...................................................... 428 419 423 499 456 476 1993...................................................... 428 420 424 502 457 478 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\The averages for 1967 through 1971 are estimates. College-Bound Seniors reports were not prepared in those years. Source: The College Board, 1993. TABLE G-30.--EVENT DROPOUT RATES FROM GRADES 10 TO 12, BY SEX AND RACE, 1973-92\1\ [In percent] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- White Black Hispanic\2\ ----------------------------------------------------------- Male Female Male Female Male Female ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1973................................................ 6.1 5.3 12.0 8.4 7.9 12.0 1974................................................ 7.0 5.1 10.8 12.2 12.5 7.2 1975................................................ 5.0 5.8 8.3 9.0 10.1 11.6 1976................................................ 6.3 5.0 8.5 6.2 7.3 6.8 1977................................................ 6.9 5.6 8.3 9.0 10.3 5.2 1978................................................ 6.9 5.3 11.0 9.7 15.6 8.5 1979................................................ 6.6 5.8 7.5 11.5 10.2 9.1 1980................................................ 6.4 4.9 8.0 8.5 16.9 6.9 1981................................................ 5.6 4.9 9.4 10.2 10.6 10.9 1982................................................ 5.3 4.9 9.0 6.5 9.5 9.0 1983................................................ 5.4 4.2 7.0 6.8 13.7 6.2 1984................................................ 5.3 4.6 6.2 5.3 12.2 10.1 1985................................................ 4.9 4.7 8.3 7.2 9.3 9.8 1986\3\............................................. 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.6 11.7 12.4 1987\3\............................................. 4.1 3.4 6.2 6.4 5.0 6.2 1988\3\............................................. 5.1 4.3 6.7 6.0 12.3 8.4 1989\3\............................................. 4.1 3.8 6.9 8.6 7.6 7.7 1990\3\............................................. 4.1 3.5 4.1 6.0 8.7 7.2 1991\3\............................................. 3.6 3.8 5.5 7.0 10.4 4.8 1992\3\............................................. 3.8 4.4 3.3 6.7 5.8 8.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Event dropout rates measure the percentage of students who leave high school in a single year, without having completed a high school diploma. \2\Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. \3\Numbers for these years reflect new editing procedures by the Bureau of the Census for cases with missing data on school enrollment items. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, ``School Enrollment--Social and Economic Characteristics of Students'', October of each year, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. TABLE G-31.--HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES FOR PERSONS 19 AND 20 YEARS OLD, BY RACE/ETHNICITY: OCTOBER 1973 THROUGH OCTOBER 1992 [In percent] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Race/Ethnicity\1\ ---------------------- Year Total White non- Black non- Hispanic Hispanic Hispanic ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1973........................ 82.2 85.9 68.2 54.7 1974........................ 80.6 84.6 65.6 58.8 1975........................ 81.0 84.7 66.0 62.6 1976........................ 81.1 85.2 67.6 57.3 1977........................ 81.4 84.9 69.1 60.0 1978........................ 80.9 85.2 67.1 56.1 1979........................ 80.4 83.8 68.5 59.8 1980........................ 81.1 85.6 71.0 51.3 1981........................ 80.8 84.8 71.8 56.8 1982........................ 80.6 84.7 69.4 58.8 1983........................ 81.2 85.2 73.2 57.9 1984........................ 82.0 85.4 75.3 63.0 1985........................ 83.1 87.0 73.8 64.8 1986........................ 83.0 87.8 75.0 65.8 1987\2\..................... 82.9 86.4 79.3 63.7 1988\2\..................... 82.1 87.1 73.5 53.6 1989\2\..................... 81.8 86.8 74.8 59.4 1990\2\..................... 82.8 87.3 77.6 59.7 1991........................ 81.4 89.8 83.5 56.3 1992........................ 83.3 88.8 75.6 59.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\Not shown separately are non-Hispanics who are neither black nor white, but who are included in the total. \2\Numbers for these years reflect new editing procedures instituted by the Bureau of the Census for cases with missing data on school enrollment items. Source: U.S. Department of Education, ``Dropout Rates in the United States: 1992,'' September 1993, based on data from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, October (various years). TABLE G-32.--TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND INCOME COMPOSITION OF FEMALE-HEADED FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN, 1979, 1989, AND 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Poor\1\ Nonpoor\1\ Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1979 1989 1992 1979 1989 1992 1979 1989 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of families (in thousands).................. 2,458 3,434 4,090 3,729 4,431 4,697 6,187 7,865 8,787 Family characteristics: Percent never-married.... 26.0 37.3 41.1 10.2 17.6 19.6 16.5 26.2 29.6 Percent with head age 15 to 19................... 3.9 2.9 3.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.5 1.9 Percent with head age 20 to 29................... 36.4 37.3 36.5 21.7 17.3 16.5 27.6 26.0 25.8 Percent with head 30 and over.................... 59.6 59.8 59.9 77.8 82.3 83.0 70.6 72.5 72.3 Percent white non- Hispanic\2\............. 43.1 42.6 44.1 69.4 64.1 64.2 59.0 54.7 54.9 Percent black non- Hispanic................ 44.9 42.0 41.0 24.7 27.6 26.8 32.7 33.9 33.4 Percent Hispanic......... 12.0 15.4 14.8 5.9 8.4 9.0 8.3 11.4 11.7 Average family size...... 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 Percent with income from: Earnings\3\.............. 49.7 49.0 49.9 94.8 96.2 95.8 76.9 75.6 74.4 OASDI, railroad retirement.............. 12.6 10.8 8.9 21.5 16.3 16.2 18.0 13.9 12.8 Pensions................. 1.1 1.7 1.2 4.4 5.8 5.4 3.0 4.0 3.4 UC and other compensation 6.3 4.7 6.6 14.9 11.3 11.5 11.5 8.4 9.2 AFDC, SSI, general assistance.............. 65.0 60.9 63.2 18.2 11.0 12.8 36.8 32.8 36.3 Child support, alimony... 18.6 26.9 29.4 44.0 45.5 97.0 33.9 37.4 38.8 Interest, dividends\3\... 13.4 11.2 10.3 53.6 53.5 51.8 37.6 35.0 32.4 Food stamps.............. 67.2 66.5 71.7 16.6 10.4 13.8 36.7 34.9 40.8 Housing assistance....... 21.6 29.9 32.0 6.0 6.0 7.8 12.2 16.4 19.1 Percent of total income from: Earnings\3\.............. 24.8 27.8 27.5 74.2 79.1 79.9 64.9 69.7 68.9 OASDI, railroad retirement.............. 5.7 5.9 4.9 6.8 4.6 4.4 6.6 4.8 4.5 Pensions................. 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 UC and other compensation 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.6 AFDC, SSI, general assistance.............. 38.1 32.9 30.3 3.8 1.5 2.1 10.2 7.3 8.0 Child support, alimony... 4.8 5.8 6.5 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.7 Interest, dividends\3\... 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.9 3.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 1.6 Food stamps\4\........... 16.5 16.5 18.4 0.9 0.4 0.7 3.8 3.4 4.4 Housing assistance\4\.... 8.0 9.2 9.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 2.1 1.9 2.3 Mean income per family member\5\ (1992 dollars).... $2,611 $2,505 $2,586 $8,646 $9,839 $9,492 $6,047 $6,462 $6,014 Percent with 50 percent or more of income from public assistance\5\............... 58.8 55.2 56.6 4.5 1.6 2.0 26.1 25.0 27.4 Percent with 90 percent or more of income from public assistance\5\............... 39.0 37.4 36.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 16.3 16.6 17.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \2\Includes ``other races.'' \3\Negative incomes (i.e. losses) set to zero. \4\The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. \5\Includes cash values of food stamps and housing assistance and includes negative incomes (i.e. losses). Mean income converted to 1992 dollars using the CPI-X1 price index. Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: March 1981, 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993 Current Population Surveys (CPS). Table prepared by CRS. TABLE G-33.--TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND INCOME COMPOSITION OF MALE-PRESENT FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN, 1979, 1989, AND 1992 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Poor\1\ Nonpoor\1\ Total ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1979 1989 1992 1979 1989 1992 1979 1989 1992 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of families (in thousands)....................... 1,663 2,142 2,542 24,315 24,761 24,829 25,978 26,903 27,371 Family characteristics: Percent with head age 15 to 19........................ 1.1 1.3 6.4 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.3 1.9 Percent with head age 20 to 29........................ 25.4 26.7 27.7 19.3 15.1 13.0 19.6 16.0 14.3 Percent with head 30 and over......................... 73.6 72.0 71.3 80.4 84.8 86.9 80.0 83.8 85.4 Percent white non-Hispanic\2\......................... 66.2 59.4 58.0 86.1 83.9 83.6 84.8 81.9 81.3 Percent black non-Hispanic............................ 18.0 17.0 16.2 7.7 8.1 8.0 8.3 8.8 8.7 Percent Hispanic...................................... 15.8 23.6 25.8 6.2 8.0 8.4 6.8 9.2 10.0 Average family size................................... 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 Percent with income from: Earnings\3\........................................... 82.3 83.7 80.5 99.4 99.1 99.2 98.3 97.9 97.4 OASDI, railroad retirement............................ 14.3 8.7 9.9 5.9 5.6 5.7 6.4 5.9 6.1 Pensions.............................................. 2.1 1.7 2.1 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.5 UC and other compensation............................. 16.8 15.7 19.5 17.2 12.9 16.1 17.2 13.2 16.4 AFDC, SSI, general assistance......................... 24.3 25.0 28.3 3.2 2.7 3.7 4.5 4.5 6.0 Child support, alimony................................ 7.4 12.0 13.5 11.3 15.3 16.6 11.0 15.0 16.3 Interest, dividends\3\................................ 27.4 20.4 20.3 73.9 73.3 71.4 71.0 69.1 66.7 Food stamps........................................... 41.8 42.2 48.6 3.5 2.5 3.6 6.0 5.6 7.8 Housing assistance.................................... 7.3 10.2 9.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.8 Percent of total income from: Earnings\3\........................................... 62.5 66.8 62.5 93.2 92.7 92.5 92.7 92.2 91.8 OASDI, railroad retirement............................ 8.1 5.3 5.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 Pensions.............................................. 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 UC and other compensation............................. 4.4 3.5 5.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 AFDC, SSI, general assistance......................... 10.3 10.8 11.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 Child support, alimony................................ 1.5 2.2 2.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.2 Interest, dividends\3\................................ 1.7 1.3 1.1 2.8 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.5 2.8 Food stamps\4\........................................ 8.7 7.7 9.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 Housing assistance\4\................................. 2.3 1.8 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Mean income per family member\5\ (1992 dollars)......... $2,235 $2,419 $2,367 $11,640 $13,180 $12,719 $11,013 $12,217 $11,709 Percent with 50 percent or more of income from public assistance\5\.......................................... 15.3 16.5 18.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.5 1.9 Percent with 90 percent or more of income from public assistance\5\.......................................... 7.1 8.9 9.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \2\Includes ``other races.'' \3\Negative incomes (i.e. losses) set to zero. \4\The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. \5\Includes cash values of food stamps and housing assistance, and includes negative incomes (i.e. losses). Mean income converted to 1992 dollars using the CPI-X1 price index. Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: March 1980, 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993 Current Population Surveys (CPS). Table prepared by CRS. TABLE G-34.--NUMBERS, PERCENT COMPOSITION, AND RATES OF CHILDREN BELOW POVERTY,\1\ BY RACE, 1974-92 [Numbers in thousands] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Black White Hispanic\2\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1974...................................................... 10,156 3,755 6,223 NA 1975...................................................... 11,104 3,925 6,927 NA 1976...................................................... 10,273 3,787 6,189 1,443 1977...................................................... 10,288 3,888 6,097 1,422 1978...................................................... 9,931 3,830 5,831 1,384 1979...................................................... 10,377 3,833 6,193 1,535 1980...................................................... 11,543 3,961 7,181 1,749 1981...................................................... 12,505 4,237 7,785 1,925 1982...................................................... 13,647 4,472 8,678 2,181 1983...................................................... 13,911 4,398 8,862 2,312 1984...................................................... 13,420 4,413 8,472 2,376 1985...................................................... 13,010 4,157 8,253 2,606 1986...................................................... 12,876 4,148 8,209 2,507 1987\3\................................................... 12,843 4,385 7,788 2,670 1988...................................................... 12,455 4,296 7,435 2,631 1989...................................................... 12,590 4,375 7,599 2,603 1990...................................................... 13,431 4,550 8,232 2,865 1991...................................................... 14,341 4,755 8,848 3,094 1992...................................................... 14,617 4,938 8,955 3,116 Percentage Composition 1974...................................................... .......... 37.0 61.3 NA 1976...................................................... .......... 36.9 60.2 14.0 1980...................................................... .......... 34.3 62.2 15.2 1984...................................................... .......... 32.9 63.1 17.7 1988...................................................... .......... 34.5 59.7 21.1 1990...................................................... .......... 33.9 62.0 21.3 1991...................................................... .......... 33.2 61.7 21.6 1992...................................................... .......... 33.8 61.3 21.3 Rates 1974...................................................... 15.4 39.8 11.2 NA 1975...................................................... 17.1 41.7 12.7 NA 1976...................................................... 16.0 40.6 11.6 30.2 1977...................................................... 16.2 41.8 11.6 28.3 1978...................................................... 15.9 41.5 11.3 27.6 1979...................................................... 16.4 41.2 11.8 28.0 1980...................................................... 18.3 42.3 13.9 33.2 1981...................................................... 20.0 45.2 15.2 35.8 1982...................................................... 21.9 47.6 17.0 39.4 1983...................................................... 22.3 46.7 17.5 38.1 1984...................................................... 21.5 46.5 16.7 39.2 1985...................................................... 20.7 43.6 16.2 40.3 1986...................................................... 20.5 43.1 16.1 37.7 1987\3\................................................... 20.3 45.1 15.3 39.3 1988...................................................... 19.5 43.5 14.5 37.6 1989...................................................... 19.6 43.7 14.8 36.2 1990...................................................... 20.6 44.8 15.9 38.4 1991...................................................... 21.8 45.9 16.8 40.4 1992...................................................... 21.9 46.6 16.9 39.9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Includes all persons under 18 below the poverty level, including unrelated children. \2\Hispanic origin may be of any race; this category is not exclusive. \3\The 1987 numbers have been revised. NA--Not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 185, Poverty in the United States: 1992, table 3. TABLE G-35.--COMPOSITION OF CHILD POVERTY POPULATION BY FAMILY TYPE AND RACE: 1966-92 [In thousands] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Female head Percent Male present Percent Year Total ---------------------------------------- of ---------------------------------------- of poor Nonwhite White Hispanic\1\ Total total Nonwhite White Hispanic\1\ Total total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1966......................................... 12,146 2,150 2,112 NA 4,262 35.1 2,792 5,092 NA 7,884 64.9 1967......................................... 11,427 2,316 1,930 NA 4,246 37.2 2,382 4,799 NA 7,181 62.8 1968......................................... 10,739 2,334 2,075 NA 4,409 41.1 2,032 4,298 NA 6,330 58.9 1969......................................... 9,500 2,179 2,068 NA 4,247 44.7 1,655 3,598 NA 5,253 55.3 1970......................................... 10,235 2,442 2,247 NA 4,689 45.8 1,651 3,891 NA 5,546 54.2 1971......................................... 10,344 2,398 2,452 NA 4,850 46.9 1,605 3,889 NA 5,494 53.1 1972......................................... 10,082 2,821 2,273 NA 5,094 50.5 1,477 3,511 NA 4,988 49.5 1973......................................... 9,453 2,710 2,461 606 5,171 54.7 1,281 3,001 758 4,282 45.3 1974......................................... 9,966 2,678 2,683 621 5,361 53.8 1,209 3,396 793 4,605 46.2 1975......................................... 10,881 2,784 2,813 694 5,597 51.4 1,350 3,394 925 5,284 48.6 1976......................................... 10,080 2,870 2,713 636 5,583 55.4 1,176 3,321 789 4,497 44.6 1977......................................... 10,029 2,965 2,693 686 5,658 56.4 1,121 3,250 716 4,371 43.6 1978......................................... 9,722 3,060 2,627 663 5,687 58.5 988 3,047 692 4,035 41.5 1979......................................... 9,993 3,006 2,629 668 5,635 56.4 1,079 3,279 837 4,358 43.6 1980......................................... 11,114 3,053 2,813 809 5,866 52.8 1,244 4,004 909 5,248 47.2 1981......................................... 12,069 3,185 3,120 909 6,305 52.2 1,455 4,309 966 5,764 47.8 1982......................................... 13,139 3,447 3,249 990 6,696 51.0 1,411 5,032 1,127 6,443 49.0 1983......................................... 13,427 3,359 3,388 1,018 6,747 50.2 1,534 5,146 1,233 6,680 49.8 1984......................................... 12,929 3,395 3,377 1,093 6,772 52.4 1,448 4,709 1,223 6,157 47.6 1985......................................... 12,483 3,344 3,372 1,247 6,716 53.8 1,300 4,467 1,266 5,767 46.2 1986......................................... 12,257 3,421 3,522 1,194 6,943 56.6 1,121 4,192 1,219 5,313 43.3 1987......................................... 12,435 3,600 3,474 1,241 7,074 56.9 1,285 4,076 1,390 5,361 43.1 1987\2\...................................... 12,275 3,586 3,433 1,250 7,019 57.2 1,291 3,966 1,356 5,257 42.8 1988......................................... 11,935 3,530 3,424 1,294 6,954 58.3 1,310 3,671 1,282 4,981 41.7 1989......................................... 12,001 3,553 3,255 1,158 6,808 56.7 1,285 3,908 1,338 5,193 43.3 1990......................................... 12,715 3,766 3,597 1,314 7,363 57.9 1,253 4,098 1,437 5,352 42.1 1991......................................... 13,658 4,125 3,941 1,398 8,065 59.1 1,217 4,376 1,579 5,593 40.9 1992......................................... 13,876 4,250 3,783 1,289 8,032 57.9 1,293 4,550 1,657 5,844 42.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. \2\Revised. NA: Not available. Note: Includes only related children in families. 1987 revised through 1991 estimates are not comparable to prior years due to processing changes in the CPS. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. ``Characteristics of Low Income Population: 1983'' P-60 No. 147; 1983 rev-1987 from U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. ``Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1987'' P-60 No. 161; 1987 rev to 1992 figures from March Current Population Survey (CPS). Table prepared by CRS. TABLE G-36.--POVERTY RATE OF CHILDREN BY FAMILY TYPE AND RACE, 1966-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Female head Male present Year Total ------------------------------------------------------------------- Black White Hispanic Total Black White Hispanic Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1966................................ 17.4 76.6 46.9 NA 58.2 39.9 9.2 NA 12.6 1967................................ 16.3 72.4 42.1 NA 54.3 35.3 8.7 NA 11.5 1968................................ 15.3 70.5 44.4 NA 55.2 29.8 7.8 NA 10.2 1969................................ 13.8 68.2 45.2 NA 54.4 25.0 6.7 NA 8.6 1970................................ 14.9 67.7 43.1 NA 53.0 26.0 7.3 NA 9.2 1971................................ 15.1 66.6 44.6 NA 53.1 25.5 7.4 NA 9.3 1972................................ 14.9 69.5 41.1 NA 53.1 24.1 6.8 NA 8.6 1973................................ 14.2 67.2 42.1 68.7 52.1 21.7 6.0 18.8 7.6 1974................................ 15.1 65.0 42.9 64.3 51.5 20.0 6.9 20.0 8.7 1975................................ 16.8 66.0 44.2 68.4 52.7 22.1 8.2 23.8 9.8 1976................................ 15.8 65.6 42.7 67.3 52.0 19.4 7.1 20.8 8.5 1977................................ 16.0 65.7 40.3 68.6 50.3 19.9 7.1 17.9 8.5 1978................................ 15.7 66.4 39.9 68.9 50.6 17.6 6.8 17.2 7.9 1979................................ 16.0 63.1 38.6 62.2 48.6 18.7 7.3 19.2 8.5 1980................................ 17.9 64.8 41.6 65.0 50.8 20.3 9.0 22.9 10.4 1981................................ 19.5 67.7 42.8 67.3 52.3 23.4 10.0 24.5 11.6 1982................................ 21.3 70.7 46.5 71.8 56.0 24.1 11.6 27.8 13.0 1983................................ 21.8 68.3 47.1 70.6 55.4 23.7 12.0 27.2 13.5 1984................................ 21.0 66.2 45.9 71.0 54.0 24.3 11.0 27.5 12.5 1985................................ 20.1 66.9 45.2 72.4 53.6 18.8 10.4 27.4 11.7 1986................................ 19.8 67.1 46.3 66.7 54.4 17.0 9.8 25.8 10.8 1987................................ 20.0 68.3 45.8 70.1 54.7 19.8 9.5 28.3 10.9 1987\1\............................. 19.7 66.9 45.0 69.8 53.7 19.1 9.3 27.7 10.6 1988................................ 19.0 64.7 44.9 69.6 52.9 18.7 8.5 25.4 10.0 1989................................ 19.0 63.1 42.5 64.3 51.1 20.3 9.1 25.5 10.4 1990................................ 19.9 64.7 45.9 68.4 53.4 19.3 9.5 26.7 10.7 1991................................ 21.1 68.2 47.1 68.6 55.5 17.3 10.1 29.1 11.1 1992................................ 21.1 67.1 45.3 65.7 54.3 19.4 10.4 29.5 11.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Revised. Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. NA--Not available. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. ``Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States'' P-60 No. 147 and 161; 1987 revised through 1992 data from March Current Population Survey (CPS). Table prepared by CRS. TABLE G-37.--NUMBER OF CHILDREN POOR UNDER 6 AND FROM 6 TO 17 YEARS AND THEIR POVERTY RATES, 1966-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Total Total Poverty number of Poverty number Total number of rate of poor rate of Year of number poor children children children children under 6 children under 6 6-17 6-17 under 18 under 6 years years ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1966............................................. 70,218 23,779 4,304 18.1 8,085 17.4 1967............................................. 70,408 23,171 4,055 17.5 7,601 16.1 1968............................................. 70,385 22,249 3,659 16.6 7,295 15.2 1969............................................. 69,090 21,681 3,361 15.5 6,330 13.4 1970............................................. 69,159 21,556 3,601 16.7 6,839 14.4 1971............................................. 68,816 20,898 3,579 17.1 6,972 14.5 1972............................................. 67,930 20,510 3,388 16.5 6,896 14.5 1973............................................. 66,959 20,043 3,204 16.0 6,438 13.7 1974............................................. 66,134 19,887 3,361 16.9 6,795 14.7 1975............................................. 65,079 19,353 3,522 18.2 7,582 16.6 1976............................................. 64,028 18,971 3,358 17.7 6,915 15.3 1977............................................. 63,137 18,518 3,426 18.5 6,862 15.4 1978............................................. 62,311 18,789 3,344 17.8 6,587 15.1 1979............................................. 63,375 19,012 3,479 18.3 6,898 15.5 1980............................................. 62,914 19,974 4,054 20.3 7,489 17.4 1981............................................. 62,449 20,396 4,487 22.0 8,018 19.1 1982............................................. 62,345 20,789 4,899 23.6 8,748 21.1 1983............................................. 62,334 21,039 5,302 25.0 8,609 20.8 1984............................................. 62,447 21,196 5,066 23.9 8,354 20.3 1985............................................. 62,876 21,526 4,951 23.0 8,059 19.5 1986............................................. 62,948 21,656 4,796 22.1 8,080 19.6 1987............................................. 63,290 21,860 4,984 22.8 7,979 19.3 1988 (revised)................................... 63,747 22,232 4,957 22.3 7,499 18.1 1989............................................. 64,144 22,505 5,071 22.5 7,518 18.1 1990............................................. 65,049 22,937 5,412 23.6 8,019 19.0 1991............................................. 65,918 23,206 5,702 24.6 8,639 20.2 1992............................................. 66,834 23,508 6,046 25.7 8,571 19.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: ``Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1989,'' Current Population Reports, U.S. Department of Commerce. Data on children under 6 from ``Five Million Children: A Statistical Profile of Our Poorest Young Citizens,'' National Center for Children in Poverty, 1990. 1990-92 data are estimates prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS), using data from the March 1991, 1992, and 1993 Current Population Surveys.