Mothers' Education By Risky Behavior |
Health Outcomes | Crime | Economic Outcomes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol abuse or dependence Odds Ratios [P-value] | Past-month drug use Odds Ratios [P-value] | In jail by age 33 Odds Ratios [P-value] | Ever in poverty ages 25-29 Odds Ratios [P-value] | Years in poverty ages 25-29 Marginal Effects [P-value] | Ever on welfare ages 21-33 Odds Ratios [P-value] | Years on welfare ages 21-33 Marginal Effects [P-value] | Percent Time Employed Marginal Effects [P-value] | Age achieved job lasting 2 years Marginal Effects [P-value] | |
Early Initiators of Alcohol |
|||||||||
Mother's Education Attainment |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
High school graduate |
0.74 [0.29] | 0.90 [0.72] | 1.14 [0.77] | ||||||
Some college |
0.42 [0.11] | 1.78 [0.13] | 2.49 [0.20] | ||||||
College graduate |
0.86 [0.77] | 1.28 [0.63] | 2.78 [0.18] | ||||||
Early Initiators of Marijuana |
|||||||||
Mother's Educational Attainment |
N/A | ||||||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
High school graduate |
0.81 [0.44] | 0.99 [0.96] | 1.40 [0.50] | 0.050 [0.72] | 1.17 [0.63] | -0.285 [0.37] | 0.030 [0.11] | -1.686 [0.03] | |
Some college |
0.33 [0.05] | 1.95 [0.10] | 1.32 [0.75] | -0.227 [0.35] | 0.97 [0.95] | -0.633 [0.23] | 0.028 [0.31] | -3.013 [0.01] | |
College graduate |
0.69 [0.46] | 1.09 [0.88] | 0.99 [1.15] | -0.427 [0.14] | 2.15 [0.18] | -0.707 [0.20] | 0.021 [0.49] | -1.655 [0.19] | |
Early Initiators of Cocaine |
|||||||||
Mother's Educational Attainment |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
High school graduate |
2.85 [0.09] | 2.46 [0.31] | - | 0.306 [0.89] | 0.47 [0.33] | 0.120 [0.82] | -0.019 [0.73] | - | |
Some college |
2.40 [0.31] | 0.85 [0.93] | - | 0.217 [0.76] | 0.81 [0.88] | -0.569 [0.63] | -0.006 [0.95] | - | |
College graduate |
2.26 [0.43] | - | - | 0.384 [0.51] | 1.82 [0.62] | 0.090 [0.94] | 0.013 [0.88] | - | |
Early Initiators of Sex |
|||||||||
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
0.68 [0.12] | 0.98 [0.93] | 1.04 [0.90] | 0.84 [0.51] | -0.138 [0.22] | 0.85 [0.40] | -0.182 [0.44] | 0.044 [0.06] | -0.782 [0.17] |
Some college |
0.40 [0.05] | 2.08 [0.07] | 1.46 [0.49] | 0.74 [0.51] | -0.110 [0.59] | 0.93 [0.83] | -0.392 [0.34] | 0.075 [0.05] | -2.597 [0.01] |
College graduate |
0.36 [0.08] | 1.53 [0.42] | 1.33 [0.68] | 1.17 [0.78] | -0.347 [0.22] | 1.47 [0.35] | -0.255 [0.62] | -0.055 [0.23] | -1.035 [0.40] |
Committed 9+ Crimes/Delinquencies in 1980 |
|||||||||
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
0.60 [0.32] | 0.85 [0.56] | 0.71 [0.58] | 1.32 [0.50] | -0.083 [0.71] | 0.43 [0.06] | -0.585 [0.11] | 0.020 [0.56] | -0.896 [0.16] |
Some college |
- | 1.78 [0.13] | - | 0.54 [0.51] | -0.292 [0.61] | 0.75 [0.75] | -1.399 [0.14] | 0.119 [0.10] | -2.183 [0.03] |
College graduate |
- | 1.28 [0.61] | - | 0.82 [0.87] | -0.388 [0.57] | 1.26 [0.85] | -0.440 [0.69] | 0.063 [0.43] | -2.256 [0.06] |
Marital and Fertility Outcome at Age 33 |
Mother's Educational Attainment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
High school dropout | High school graduate | Some college | College and up | |
Never married without children |
0.140 | 0.153 | 0.177 | 0.241 |
Never married with children |
0.152 | 0.143 | 0.151 | 0.115 |
Married without children |
0.053 | 0.096 | 0.115 | 0.131 |
Married with children |
0.384 | 0.344 | 0.298 | 0.281 |
Married but divorced without children |
0.082 | 0.058 | 0.083 | - |
Married but divorced with children |
0.189 | 0.206 | 0.175 | 0.233 |
Marital and Fertility Outcome at Age 33 |
Mother's Educational Attainment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
High school dropout | High school graduate | Some college | College and up | |
Never married without children |
0.220 | 0.199 | 0.283 | 0.276 |
Never married with children |
0.145 | 0.126 | 0.125 | 0.096 |
Married without children |
0.080 | 0.127 | 0.155 | 0.125 |
Married with children |
0.368 | 0.362 | 0.286 | 0.219 |
Married but divorced without children |
0.044 | 0.024 | 0.066 | - |
Married but divorced with children |
0.142 | 0.161 | 0.085 | 0.285 |
Independent Variables |
Adult Alcohol Abuse or Dependence | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of alcohol at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-19 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-19 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
559 | 586 | 915 | 128 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 0.52 [0.02] | 0.49 [0.00] | 0.39 [0.18] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | - | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.48 [0.02] | - | 0.45 [0.00] | 0.33 [0.12] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.53 [0.29] | 0.43 [0.13] | 0.48 [0.18] | 1.60 [0.71] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | - | - |
Else |
0.79 [0.71] | 0.89 [0.84] | - | - |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed more |
1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Else |
0.84 [0.54] | 0.86 [0.58] | 0.91 [0.72] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
2.61 [0.00] | 1.84 [0.01] | 2.46 [0.00] | 2.03 [0.01] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
1.01 [0.98] | 0.78 [0.39] | 0.76 [0.29] | 0.63 [0.47] |
Hispanic |
0.99 [0.98] | 1.06 [0.85] | 0.87 [0.66] | 2.07 [0.23] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.57 [0.07] | 0.70 [0.24] | 0.69 [0.17] | 0.78 [0.70] |
Some college and up |
0.51 [0.06] | 0.64 [0.20] | 0.65 [0.16] | 1.54 [0.58] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.99 [0.98] | 0.98 [0.46] | 0.97 [0.33] | 1.00 [1.00] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
1.65 [0.07] | 0.98 [0.93] | 1.33 [0.23] | 1.99 [0.17] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate) |
0.74 [0.29] | 0.81 [0.44] | 0.68 [0.12] | 0.60 [0.32] |
Some college) |
0.42 [0.11] | 0.33 [0.05] | 0.40 [0.05] | - |
College graduate) |
0.86 [0.77] | 0.69 [0.46] | 0.36 [0.08] | - |
Independent Variables |
Adult Drug Use | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of alcohol ages 11-19 | Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-19 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-19 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | Committed 1+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
789 | 572 | 117 | 725 | 655 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 0.56 [0.17] | - | 0.54 [0.12] | 0.66 [0.25] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.46 [0.01] | - | 2.41 [0.31] | 0.36 [0.00] | 0.47 [0.01] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.60 [0.08] | 0.72 [0.28] | - | 0.79 [0.45] | 0.68 [0.20] |
Age of sex initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
Else |
0.68 [0.26] | 0.55 [0.14] | 1.35 [0.69] | - | 0.84 [0.60] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
|||||
Committed 9+ |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Else |
0.28 [0.00] | 0.27 [0.00] | 0.14 [0.02] | 0.32 [0.00] | - |
Sex |
|||||
Male |
1.17 [0.53] | 1.06 [0.82] | 0.44 [0.19] | 1.07 [0.79] | 1.23 [0.41] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
|||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
1.05 [0.87] | 1.56 [0.16] | 1.53 [0.53] | 1.08 [0.79] | 1.07 [0.83] |
Hispanic |
0.98 [0.95] | 1.28 [0.52] | 3.13 [0.09] | 0.96 [0.92] | 1.10 [0.79] |
Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.51 [0.03] | 0.48 [0.02] | 0.32 [0.14] | 0.43 [0.01] | 0.49 [0.02] |
Some college and up |
0.41 [0.02] | 0.39 [0.01] | 0.28 [0.13] | 0.35 [0.00] | 0.45 [0.03] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
1.04 [0.24] | 1.04 [0.23] | 1.08 [0.28] | 1.06 [0.01] | 1.04 [0.24] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
|||||
Yes |
1.02 [0.94] | 1.06 [0.84] | 0.71 [0.56] | 1.03 [0.93] | 1.11 [0.70] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.90 [0.72] | 0.99 [0.96] | 2.85 [0.09] | 0.98 [0.93] | 0.85 [0.56] |
Some college |
1.78 [0.13] | 1.95 [0.10] | 2.40 [0.31] | 2.08 [0.07] | 1.78 [0.13] |
College graduate |
1.28 [0.63] | 1.09 [0.88] | 2.26 [0.43] | 1.53 [0.42] | 1.28 [0.61] |
Independent Variables |
In Jail by Age 33 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-19 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
270 | 62 | 743 | 116 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
2.16 [0.13] | 0.33 [0.19] | 0.97 [0.93] | 0.54 [0.34] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 1.01 [1.00] | 0.73 [0.29] | 0.65 [0.49] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | - | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.21 [0.00] | - | 0.26 [0.00] | 0.29 [0.14] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | - | - |
Else |
0.65 [0.61] | 0.26 [0.36] | - | - |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed 9+ |
1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Else |
0.76 [0.61] | 0.97 [0.97] | 0.82 [0.54] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
6.36 [0.00] | 6.74 [0.10] | 10.29 [0.00] | 8.88 [0.05] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
3.09 [0.06] | 1.41 [0.73] | 2.94 [0.01] | 1.59 [0.52] |
Hispanic |
2.06 [0.31] | 4.00 [0.19] | 2.16 [0.12] | 0.78 [0.78] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.28 [0.02] | 2.00 [0.54] | 0.54 [0.06] | 0.77 [0.73] |
Some college and up |
0.24 [0.03] | 3.27 [0.40] | 0.21 [0.00] | 0.25 [0.27] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.95 [0.03] | 0.79 [0.04] | 0.96 [0.30] | 0.91 [0.25] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
0.58 [0.30] | 0.43 [0.35] | 1.08 [0.81] | 0.40 [0.28] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
1.40 [0.50] | 2.46 [0.31] | 1.04 [0.90] | 0.71 [0.58] |
Some college |
1.32 [0.75] | 0.85 [0.93] | 1.46 [0.49] | - |
College graduate |
0.99 [1.15] | - | 1.33 [0.68] | - |
Independent Variables | Ever in Poverty Between Ages 25-29 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-15 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
16 | 397 | 146 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
|||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 1.20 [0.46] | 1.29 [0.58] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
|||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 1.02 [0.92] | 1.83 [0.17] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
|||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 0.42 [0.36] | 0.35 [0.38] |
Age of sex initiation |
|||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | |
Else |
- | - | 0.53 [0.17] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
|||
Committed 9+ |
- | 1 | - |
Else |
- | 0.87 [0.61] | - |
Sex |
|||
Male |
- | 0.36 [0.00] | 0.62 [0.28] |
Female |
- | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
|||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
- | 1 | 1 |
Black |
- | 2.15 [0.02] | 3.36 [0.02] |
Hispanic |
- | 0.77 [0.54] | 1.31 [0.64] |
Educational Attainment |
|||
High school dropout |
- | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
- | 0.29 [0.00] | 0.42 [0.09] |
Some college and up |
- | 0.15 [0.00] | 0.38 [0.14] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
- | 0.94 [0.03] | 0.89 [0.03] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
|||
Yes |
- | 1.12 [0.69] | 1.01 [1.00] |
No |
- | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||
High school dropout |
- | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
- | 0.84 [0.51] | 1.32 [0.50] |
Some college |
- | 0.74 [0.51] | 0.54 [0.51] |
College graduate |
- | 1.17 [0.78] | 0.82 [0.87] |
Independent Variables |
Years in Poverty Between Ages 25-29 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
465 | 65 | 733 | 142 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.027 [0.83] | 0.688 [0.07] | 0.100 [0.31] | 0.061 [0.80] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
- | -1.803 [0.00] | -0.023 [0.82] | 0.304 [0.18] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
-0.488 [0.01] | - | -0.317 [0.09] | -0.893 [0.00] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | - | 0 |
Else |
-0.032 [0.85] | -0.154 [0.75] | - | -0.365 [0.35] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed more |
0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Else |
0.186 [0.26] | -0.476 [0.26] | -0.070 [0.60] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
-0.438 [0.00] | -0.378 [0.32] | -0.769 [0.00] | -0.521 [0.07] |
Female |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Black |
0.695 [0.00] | 1.032 [0.10] | 0.564 [0.00] | 0.854 [0.01] |
Hispanic |
0.346 [0.12] | 0.354 [0.54] | 0.263 [0.20] | 0.384 [0.40] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
-0.282 [0.07] | -0.538 [0.21] | -0.408 [0.00] | -0.462 [0.08] |
Some college and up |
-0.521 [0.00] | -0.514 [0.27] | -0.817 [0.00] | -0.391 [0.27] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
-0.022 [0.16] | -0.028 [0.42] | -0.036 [0.00] | -0.053 [0.07] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
-0.050 [0.71] | -0.288 [0.38] | -0.054 [0.63] | -0.250 [0.32] |
No |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
0.050 [0.72] | 0.306 [0.89] | -0.138 [0.22] | -0.083 [0.71] |
Some college |
-0.227 [0.35] | 0.217 [0.76] | -0.110 [0.59] | -0.292 [0.61] |
College graduate |
-0.427 [0.14] | 0.384 [0.51] | -0.347 [0.22] | -0.388 [0.57] |
Independent Variables |
Ever on Welfare Between Ages 21-33 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of alcohol at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
193 | 270 | 66 | 743 | 145 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
- | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
- | 1.60 [0.12] | 0.95 [0.94] | 1.07 [0.74] | 2.51 [0.07] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Else |
2.06 [0.06] | - | 0.87 [0.85] | 1.08 [0.70] | 0.75 [0.54] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
Else |
0.24 [0.01] | 0.45[0.05] | - | 0.60 [0.12] | 0.20 [0.03] |
Age of sex initiation |
|||||
Early Initiators |
1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
Else |
0.94 [0.91] | 0.84 [0.64] | 3.94 [0.19] | - | 1.35 [0.69] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
|||||
Committed 9+ |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Else |
2.35 [0.08] | 1.04 [0.92] | 1.46 [0.64] | 1.04 [0.85] | - |
Sex |
|||||
Male |
0.36 [0.01] | 0.37 [0.00] | 0.66 [0.59] | 0.19 [0.00] | 0.23 [0.00] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
|||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
6.70 [0.00] | 3.47 [0.00] | 5.69 [0.04] | 3.73 [0.00] | 5.43 [0.00] |
Hispanic |
4.01 [0.15] | 2.41 [0.03] | 1.45 [0.68] | 2.58 [0.00] | 2.58 [0.12] |
Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.51 [0.17] | 0.62 [0.20] | 0.15 [0.65] | 0.43 [0.00] | 0.15 [0.00] |
Some college and up |
0.25 [0.02] | 0.37 [0.02] | 0.08 [0.06] | 0.22 [0.00] | 0.24 [0.06] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.80 [0.00] | 0.95 [0.18] | 0.84 [0.05] | 0.95 [0.03] | 0.85 [0.00] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
|||||
Yes |
1.54 [0.29] | 1.46 [0.22] | 1.65 [0.51] | 1.26 [0.26] | 0.50 [0.18] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
1.14 [0.77] | 1.17 [0.63] | 0.47 [0.33] | 0.85 [0.40] | 0.43 [0.06] |
Some college |
2.49 [0.20] | 0.97 [0.95] | 0.81 [0.88] | 0.93 [0.83] | 0.75 [0.75] |
College graduate |
2.78 [0.18] | 2.15 [0.18] | 1.82 [0.62] | 1.47 [0.35] | 1.26 [0.85] |
Independent Variables |
Years on Welfare Between Ages 21-33 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
471 | 66 | 743 | 145 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.727 [0.02] | 0.754 [0.09] | 0.310 [0.23] | 1.384 [0.00] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
- | -0.916 [0.21] | -0.396 [0.06] | -0.579 [0.15] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
-0.549 [0.19] | - | -0.056 [0.89] | -1.309 [0.02] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | - | 0 |
Else |
-0.368 [0.31] | 1.145 [0.15] | - | -0.090 [0.89] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed 9+ |
0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Else |
0.020 [0.95] | -0.049 [0.94] | -0.192 [0.48] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
-1.84 [0.00] | -0.982 [0.17] | -3.102 [0.00] | -2.607 [0.00] |
Female |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Black |
1.410 [0.00] | 1.655 [0.10] | 1.003 [0.00] | 0.827 [0.13] |
Hispanic |
0.692 [0.18] | 0.408 [0.63] | 0.679 [0.11] | 0.715 [0.34] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
-0.622 [0.08] | -0.975 [0.11] | -0.885 [0.00] | -2.020 [0.00] |
Some college and up |
-1.205 [0.01] | -2.083 [0.01] | -1.744 [0.00] | -2.250 [0.00] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
-0.104 [0.00] | -0.171 [0.01] | -0.089 [0.00] | -0.119 [0.02] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
0.261 [0.38] | -0.233 [0.68] | 0.238 [0.31] | -0.742 [0.07] |
No |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
-0.285 [0.37] | 0.120 [0.82] | -0.182 [0.44] | -0.585 [0.11] |
Some college |
-0.633 [0.23] | -0.569 [0.63] | -0.392 [0.34] | -1.399 [0.14] |
College graduate |
-0.707 [0.20] | 0.090 [0.94] | -0.255 [0.62] | -0.440 [0.69] |
Independent Variables |
Percent Time Employed Since Leaving School | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-19 |
Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-15 | Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
577 | 66 | 390 | 143 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.024 [0.26] | -0.085 [0.38] | 0.045 [0.08] | 0.020 [0.68] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Else |
- | 0.079 [0.38] | 0.012 [0.58] | 0.046 [0.23] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.031 [0.28] | - | 0.002 [0.96] | 0.031 [0.54] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | 0 | - | 0 |
Else |
0.012 [0.46] | -0.032 [0.52] | - | 0.031 [0.37] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed 9+ |
0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Else |
0.014 [0.48] | 0.049 [0.40] | 0.020 [0.42] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
0.051 [0.00] | 0.003 [0.95] | 0.090 [0.00] | 0.048 [0.18] |
Female |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Black |
-0.121 [0.00] | -0.145 [0.02] | -0.105 [0.00] | -0.169 [0.00] |
Hispanic |
-0.005 [0.84] | -0.076 [0.26] | -0.020 [0.58] | -0.057 [0.20] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
0.069 [0.00] | 0.165 [0.02] | 0.061 [0.03] | 0.121 [0.01] |
Some college and up |
0.115 [0.00] | 0.176 [0.04] | 0.115 [0.00] | 0.104 [0.05] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.008 [0.00] | 0.010 [0.95] | 0.011 [0.00] | 0.013 [0.00] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
-0.017 [0.33] | 0.071 [0.19] | 0.016 [0.51] | 0.017 [0.65] |
No |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
0.030 [0.11] | -0.019 [0.73] | 0.044 [0.06] | 0.020 [0.56] |
Some college |
0.028 [0.31] | -0.006 [0.95] | 0.075 [0.05] | 0.119 [0.10] |
College graduate |
0.021 [0.49] | 0.013 [0.88] | -0.055 [0.23] | 0.063 [0.43] |
Independent Variables |
Age Reached Two Years Job Tenure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of marijuana at ages 11-17 | Early initiators of cocaine at ages 11-15 | Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | Committed 1+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |
Number of observations |
391 | 14 | 610 | 553 |
Age of alcohol initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.915 [0.20] | - | 0.711 [0.18] | 0.567 [0.32] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
- | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
- | - | 0.311 [0.55] | 0.691 [0.23] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Else |
0.674 [0.71] | - | 1.958 [0.28] | -0.878 [0.72] |
Age of sex initiation |
||||
Early Initiators |
0 | - | - | 0 |
Else |
0.414 [0.62] | - | - | 0.182 [0.79] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
||||
Committed 9+ |
0 | - | 0 | - |
Else |
0.488 [0.51] | - | -0.369 [0.51] | - |
Sex |
||||
Male |
0.159 [0.81] | - | -1.201 [0.03] | -0.070 [0.91] |
Female |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Race/Ethnicity |
||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Black |
-0.096 [0.90] | - | -0.193 [0.77] | -0.318 [0.64] |
Hispanic |
-0.786 [0.38] | - | -0.686 [0.39] | -0.588 [0.48] |
Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | 0 | 0 | |
High school graduate |
0.712 [0.44] | - | 0.278 [0.70] | -0.526 [0.53] |
Some college and up |
1.051 [0.30] | - | -0.070 [0.93] | -0.461 [0.61] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
-0.049 [0.58] | - | 0.010 [0.88] | -0.008 [0.91] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
||||
Yes |
1.500 [0.04] | - | 1.095 [0.07] | 0.936 [0.15] |
No |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
||||
High school dropout |
0 | - | 0 | 0 |
High school graduate |
-1.686 [0.03] | - | -0.782 [0.17] | -0.896 [0.16] |
Some college |
-3.013 [0.01] | - | -2.597 [0.01] | -2.183 [0.03] |
College graduate |
-1.655 [0.19] | - | -1.035 [0.40] | -2.256 [0.06] |
Independent Variables |
Adult Family Formation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiators of sex at ages 11-17 | |||||
Never married without children | Never married with children | Married without children | Married but divorced without children | Married but divorced with children | |
Number of observations=705 |
|||||
Age of alcohol initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
1.03 [0.91] | 1.61 [0.13] | 2.12 [0.12] | 0.25 [0.04] | 1.40 [0.29] |
18-19 |
0.84 [0.65] | 1.51 [0.25] | 1.61 [0.41] | 0.74 [0.64] | 0.89 [0.76] |
not by 19 |
0.78 [0.56] | 1.16 [0.70] | 1.30 [0.67] | 0.09 [0.04] | 1.55 [0.24] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
1.02 [0.96] | 0.75 [0.36] | 0.68 [0.45] | 0.94 [0.92] | 0.65 [0.19] |
18-19 |
1.38 [0.46] | 0.82 [0.63] | 1.05 [0.94] | 0.67 [0.65] | 0.53 [0.18] |
not by 19 |
1.07 [0.84] | 0.70 [0.22] | 1.42 [0.43] | 0.54 [0.36] | 0.93 [0.81] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
0.48 [0.43] | 2.53 [0.50] | - | - | 1.02 [0.98] |
18-19 |
0.09 [0.01] | 2.04 [0.60] | 0.33 [0.42] | 0.37 [0.51] | 0.34 [0.31] |
not by 19 |
0.23 [0.08] | 1.95 [0.61] | 0.46 [0.55] | 0.92 [0.95] | 0.91 [0.92] |
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980) |
|||||
9+ |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3-8 |
0.74 [0.42] | 0.61 [0.15] | 0.94 [0.89] | 1.04 [0.96] | 0.91 [0.80] |
1-2 |
1.03 [0.93] | 0.73 [0.36] | 0.73 [0.55] | 0.39 [0.28] | 1.09 [0.82] |
0 |
0.47 [0.06] | 0.55 [0.09] | 0.29 [0.03] | 0.96 [0.96] | 0.67 [0.30] |
Sex |
|||||
Male |
3.46 [0.00] | 0.66 [0.07] | 2.24 [0.04] | 0.54 [0.24] | 0.78 [0.32] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
|||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
1.01 [0.96] | 6.15 [0.00] | 0.70 [0.38] | 0.27 [0.02] | 0.73 [0.29] |
Hispanic |
0.64 [0.27] | 1.67 [0.26] | 0.40 [0.12] | 0.27 [0.07] | 0.79 [0.52] |
Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.97 [0.94] | 0.62 [0.09] | 1.47 [0.53] | 1.15 [0.86] | 1.10 [0.77] |
Some college and up |
1.39 [0.40] | 0.41 [0.01] | 2.68 [0.11] | 4.71 [0.05] | 1.01 [0.97] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.97 [0.43] | 0.94 [0.04] | 0.97 [0.47] | 0.93 [0.29] | 0.95 [0.09] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
|||||
Yes |
0.59 [0.09] | 0.73 [0.24] | 0.90 [0.79] | 0.83 [0.73] | 1.17 [0.56] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
1.27 [0.41] | 1.05 [0.86] | 2.11 [0.06] | 0.74 [0.60] | 1.23 [0.45] |
Some college |
1.74 [0.23] | 1.27 [0.59] | 3.02 [0.06] | 1.31 [0.74] | 1.19 [0.70] |
College graduate |
2.68 [0.06] | 1.03 [0.97] | 3.81 [0.06] | - | 1.73 [0.33] |
Independent Variables |
Adult Family Formation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Committed 9+ crimes/delinquencies in 1980 | |||||
Never married without children | Never married with children | Married without children | Married but divorced without children | Married but divorced with children | |
Number of observations = 639 |
|||||
Age of alcohol initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
0.83 [0.55] | 1.50 [0.25] | 2.50 [0.07] | 0.26 [0.07] | 1.21 [0.58] |
18-19 |
0.52 [0.07] | 1.09 [0.83] | 1.56 [0.43] | 0.77 [0.69] | 0.74 [0.46] |
not by 19 |
0.37 [0.02] | 1.02 [0.96] | 1.65 [0.41] | - | 1.05 [0.91] |
Age of marijuana initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
1.09 [0.80] | 0.68 [0.27] | 0.59 [0.28] | 1.23 [0.77] | 0.63 [0.21] |
18-19 |
1.27 [0.56] | 0.64 [0.31] | 0.80 [0.70] | 0.88 [0.89] | 0.81 [0.64] |
not by 19 |
1.25 [0.51] | 1.04 [0.90] | 1.13 [0.77] | 0.52 [0.45] | 1.17 [0.65] |
Age of cocaine initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
16-17 |
1.21 [0.87] | - | - | - | - |
18-19 |
0.22 [0.18] | - | 0.27 [0.37] | - | - |
not by 19 |
0.49 [0.50] | - | 0.31 [0.41] | 0.12 [0.13] | - |
Age of sex initiation |
|||||
11-15 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16-17 |
1.23 [0.49] | 0.63 [0.10] | 1.52 [0.29] | 1.08 [0.90] | 0.91 [0.74] |
18-19 |
1.06 [0.88] | 0.44 [0.03] | 1.12 [0.82] | 0.48 [0.44] | 0.40 [0.03] |
not by 19 |
2.42 [0.07] | 0.33 [0.07] | 1.80 [0.38] | 0.48 [0.55] | 0.41 [0.13] |
Sex |
|||||
Male |
1.93 [0.02] | 0.43 [0.00] | 2.04 [0.06] | 0.47 [0.20] | 0.66 [0.14] |
Female |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/Ethnicity |
|||||
Non-black non-Hispanic |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Black |
0.94 [0.85] | 6.10 [0.00] | 1.05 [0.90] | 0.38 [0.15] | 0.93 [0.82] |
Hispanic |
0.87 [0.71] | 2.29 [0.09] | 0.55 [0.29] | 0.36 [0.19] | 0.74 [0.47] |
Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.85 [0.66] | 0.73 [0.34] | 1.73 [0.42] | 4.10 [0.25] | 1.04 [0.91] |
Some college and up |
1.19 [0.66] | 0.32 [0.00] | 3.97 [0.04] | 8.40 [0.09] | 0.74 [0.47] |
Rosenberg self-esteem scale |
0.98 [0.52] | 0.94 [0.04] | 0.98 [0.05] | 0.90 [0.16] | 0.95 [0.12] |
Parent with alcohol problem |
|||||
Yes |
0.55 [0.04] | 0.62 [0.11] | 0.52 [0.10] | 0.83 [0.76] | 0.97 [0.91] |
No |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mother's Educational Attainment |
|||||
High school dropout |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school graduate |
0.92 [0.78] | 0.87 [0.62] | 1.68 [0.18] | 0.51 [0.33] | 1.15 [0.64] |
Some college |
1.75 [0.21] | 1.02 [0.97] | 2.72 [0.07] | 2.06 [0.37] | 0.73 [0.61] |
College graduate |
2.21 [0.13] | 1.09 [0.90] | 2.78 [0.13] | - | 3.51 [0.02] |