Appendix B: Regressions of Adult Outcomes on Adolescent Risky Behaviors, Family Environment, and Other Independent Variables

Table B1. Odds Ratios from Logistic Regressions of Adult Health and Crime Outcomes
Independent Variables	Adult Outcome
	Health		Crime
	Alcohol Abuse or Dependence Odds Ratio [P-value]	Past-month Drug Use Odds Ratio [P-value]	Ever Being in Jail Odds Ratio [P-value]
Number of observations	5571	5462	5571
Age of alcohol initiation
11-15	1	1	1
16-17	0.88 [0.21]	1.07 [0.58]	1.19 [0.40]
18-19	0.56 [0.00]	1.06 [0.71]	1.54 [0.07]
not by age 19	0.23 [0.00]	0.62 [0.03]	1.16 [0.62]
Age of marijuana initiation
11-15	1	1	1
16-17	1.07 [0.37]	0.76 [0.03]	0.77 [0.20]
18-19	1.30 [0.07]	0.88 [0.40]	0.62 [0.09]
not by age 19	0.61 [0.00]	0.28 [0.00]	0.52 [0.00]
Age of cocaine initiation
11-15	1	1	1
16-17	1.27 [0.50]	0.91 [0.79]	0.28 [0.01]
18-19	0.92 [0.82]	1.03 [0.92]	0.29 [0.00]
not by age 19	0.75 [0.37]	0.53 [0.05]	0.12 [0.00]
Age of sex initiation
11-15	1	1	1
16-17	1.06 [0.56]	1.00 [0.98]	0.84 [0.34]
18-19	1.04 [0.78]	0.69 [0.02]	0.49 [0.02]
not by age 19	0.77 [0.03]	0.28 [0.00]	0.42 [0.00]
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980)
9+	1	1	1
3-8	0.81 [0.07]	0.93 [0.59]	0.57 [0.01]
1-2	0.75 [0.03]	0.81 [0.15]	0.63 [0.03]
0	0.50 [0.00]	0.47 [0.00]	0.28 [0.00]
Sex
Male	2.25 [0.00]	1.25 [0.04]	6.61 [0.00]
Female	1	1	1
Race/Ethnicity
White	1	1	1
Black	0.94 [0.59]	1.08 [0.54]	4.62 [0.00]
Hispanic	0.98 [0.84]	0.69 [0.02]	1.64 [0.04]
Educational attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1
High school graduate	0.85 [0.24]	0.91 [0.57]	0.47 [0.00]
Some college and up	0.69 [0.02]	0.72 [0.06]	0.24 [0.00]
Rosenberg self-esteem scale	0.96 [0.01]	1.00 [0.71]	0.92 [0.00]
Parent with alcohol problem
Yes	1.33 [0.01]	1.21 [0.09]	1.32 [0.00]
No	1	1	1
Family Type
Both biological parents	1	1	1
Single mother	0.71 [0.02]	0.96 [0.80]	0.97 [0.89]
Single father	0.87 [0.72]	0.85 [0.73]	1.48 [0.49]
Mothers and stepfather	0.99 [0.96]	1.23 [0.25]	1.08 [0.80]
Dads and stepmother	0.42 [0.04]	0.60 [0.25]	2.61 [0.03]
Others (relatives and non-relatives)	1.21 [0.52]	0.96 [0.91]	1.55 [0.35]
Mother's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1
High school graduate	0.97 [0.76]	0.89 [0.33]	0.99 [0.95]
Some college	0.81 [0.22]	1.51 [0.02]	1.54 [0.18]
College graduate	0.69 [0.07]	1.36 [0.15]	0.48 [0.21]
Father's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1
High school graduate	1.21 [0.08]	1.08 [0.51]	0.54 [0.00]
Some college	0.96 [0.83]	0.94 [0.75]	0.77 [0.44]
College graduate	1.33 [0.08]	0.94 [0.75]	0.44 [0.05]

B2. Estimates from Regressions of Adult Economic Outcomes B2
Independent Variables	Economic Outcomes
	Logistic Regressions Odds Ratio [P-value]		Negative Binomial Regressions Marginal Effects [P-value]		OLS Marginal Effects [P-value]	Weibull Regression Marginal Effects [P-Value]
	Ever Being in Poverty Ages 25-29	Ever Being on Welfare Ages 21-33	Years in Poverty Ages 25-29	Years on Welfare Ages 21-33	Percent time Employed	Age when Reached 2 Years of Tenure
Number of observations	5571	5571	5520	5571	5534	5096
Age of alcohol initiation
11-15	1	1	0	0	0	0
16-17	0.93 [0.48]	0.90 [0.28]	-0.031 [0.33]	-0.103 [0.09]	-0.003 [0.56]	-0.401 [0.12]
18-19	1.15 [0.18]	0.80 [0.05]	0.035 [0.32]	-0.126 [0.06]	-0.003 [0.68]	0.500 [0.07]
not by 19	1.27 [0.05]	1.06 [0.64]	0.051 [0.18]	0.002 [0.98]	-0.007 [0.35]	0.735 [0.02]
Age of marijuana initiation
11-15	1	1	0	0	0	0
16-17	0.92 [0.45]	0.98 [0.86]	-0.012 [0.73]	-0.006 [0.92]	0.003 [0.63]	-0.169 [0.54]
18-19	0.79 [0.07]	0.72 [0.01]	-0.083 [0.05]	-0.148 [0.07]	0.007 [0.35]	-0.596 [0.07]
Not by 19	0.90 [0.27]	0.80 [0.03]	-0.028 [0.39]	-0.091 [0.15]	0.001 [0.88]	-0.273 [0.31]
Age of cocaine initiation
11-15	1	1	0	0	0	0
16-17	0.86 [0.67]	0.72 [0.34]	-0.075 [0.49]	-0.204 [0.35]	0.029 [0.19]	-0.749 [0.46]
18-19	0.67 [0.22]	0.59 [0.11]	-0.140 [0.19]	-0.303 [0.15]	0.052 [0.01]	-1.063 [0.27]
Not by 19	0.59 [0.08]	0.58 [0.08]	-0.174 [0.08]	-0.317 [0.11]	0.048 [0.02]	-0.830 [0.37]
Age of sex initiation
11-15	1	1	0	0	0	0
16-17	0.86 [0.10]	0.89 [0.22]	-0.060 [0.04]	-0.048 [0.40]	0.011 [0.05]	-0.698 [0.01]
18-19	0.71 [0.00]	0.60 [0.00]	-0.109 [0.00]	-0.264 [0.00]	0.017 [0.01]	-1.583 [0.00]
Not by 19	0.67 [0.00]	0.34 [0.00]	-0.168 [0.00]	-0.586 [0.00]	0.024 [0.00]	-2.725 [0.00]
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980)
9+	1	1	0	0	0	0
3-8	0.81 [0.07]	0.83 [0.10]	-0.082 [0.03]	-0.144 [0.05]	0.016 [0.02]	-0.391 [0.19]
1-2	0.96 [0.69]	0.80 [0.06]	-0.035 [0.35]	-0.133 [0.07]	0.014 [0.04]	-0.285 [0.36]
0	0.85 [0.17]	0.69 [0.00]	-0.075 [0.04]	-0.221 [0.00]	0.015 [0.02]	-0.606 [0.05]
Sex
Male	0.59 [0.00]	0.32 [0.00]	-0.231 [0.00]	-0.712 [0.00]	0.020 [0.00]	-1.003 [0.00]
Female	1	1	0	0	0	0
Race/Ethnicity
White	1	1	0	0	0	0
Black	2.78 [0.00]	2.86 [0.00]	0.399 [0.00]	0.756 [0.00]	-0.084 [0.00]	1.011 [0.00]
Hispanic	1.73 [0.00]	1.72 [0.00]	0.189 [0.00]	0.320 [0.00]	-0.006 [0.33]	0.425 [0.10]
Educational Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	0	0	0	0
High school graduate	0.38 [0.00]	0.46 [0.00]	-0.218 [0.00]	-0.386 [0.00]	0.072 [0.00]	-1.066 [0.00]
Some college and up	0.24 [0.00]	0.25 [0.00]	-0.385 [0.00]	-0.704 [0.00]	0.108 [0.00]	-0.777 [0.03]
Rosenberg self-esteem scale	0.95 [0.00]	0.96 [0.00]	-0.016 [0.00]	-0.027 [0.00]	0.003 [0.00]	-0.044 [0.05]
Parent with alcohol problem
Yes	1.22 [0.02]	1.41 [0.00]	0.040 [0.13]	0.234 [0.04]	0.002 [0.66]	0.805 [0.00]
No	1	1	0	0	0	0
Family Type
Both biological parents	1	1	0	0	0	0
Single mother	1.32 [0.01]	1.27 [0.02]	0.110 [0.00]	0.176 [0.01]	-0.019 [0.00]	0.533 [0.06]
Single father	2.73 [0.00]	2.34 [0.01]	0.275 [0.00]	0.243 [0.22]	-0.021 [0.01]	1.899 [0.04]
Mother and stepfather	1.47 [0.01]	1.49 [0.00]	0.149 [0.00]	0.217 [0.01]	-0.031 [0.00]	0.779 [0.05]
Father and stepmother	1.12 [0.68]	1.94 [0.01]	0.100 [0.24]	0.348 [0.03]	-0.014 [0.41]	1.897 [0.01]
Others (relatives and non-relatives)	1.79 [0.01]	1.48 [0.08]	0.154 [0.02]	0.260 [0.07]	-0.018 [0.21]	[0.05]
Mother's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	0	0	0	0
High school graduate	0.71 [0.00]	0.88 [0.14]	-0.124 [0.00]	-0.147 [0.01]	0.019 [0.00]	-1.085 [0.00]
Some college	0.77 [0.06]	0.90 [0.49]	-0.078 [0.09]	-0.115 [0.19]	0.021 [0.01]	-0.566 [0.11]
College graduate	0.55 [0.00]	0.58 [0.01]	-0.270 [0.00]	-0.611 [0.00]	0.021 [0.02]	-0.663 [0.10]
Father's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	0	0	0	0
High school graduate	0.85 [0.06]	0.72 [0.00]	-0.079 [0.00]	-0.219 [0.00]	0.015 [0.00]	-0.447 [0.05]
Some college	0.86 [0.29]	0.81 [0.12]	-0.106 [0.02]	-0.223 [0.01]	0.010 [0.18]	-0.088 [0.80]
College graduate	1.03 [0.81]	0.50 [0.00]	-0.062 [0.18]	-0.452 [0.00]	0.016 [0.03]	-0.504 [0.14]

B3. Relative Risk Ratios from Multinomial Logistic Regression of Adult Marital and Fertility Status at Age 33
Independent Variables	Family Formation Outcomes
	Marital and Fertility and Status at age 33 Multi-logistic Regressions Relative Risk Ratios [P-value] Reference Group: Married with Children
	Never married without children	Never married with children	Married without children	Married but divorced without children	Married but divorced with children
Number of observations=5431
Age of alcohol initiation
11-15	1	1	1	1	1
16-17	0.83 [0.13]	1.39 [0.05]	1.10 [0.48]	0.88 [0.47]	0.89 [0.31]
18-19	0.96 [0.76]	1.37 [0.09]	1.14 [0.39]	0.94 [0.77]	0.95 [0.72]
not by 19	0.86 [0.32]	1.12 [0.57]	1.03 [0.87]	0.68 [0.14]	0.88 [0.38]
Age of marijuana initiation
11-15	1	1	1	1	1
16-17	1.17 [0.25]	0.98 [0.92]	0.91 [0.53]	0.94 [0.75]	0.99 [0.97]
18-19	1.00 [0.99]	0.67 [0.07]	0.97 [0.86]	1.38 [0.15]	0.88 [0.40]
not by 19	0.96 [0.73]	0.90 [0.52]	0.90 [0.44]	0.92 [0.69]	0.92 [0.49]
Age of cocaine initiation
11-15	1	1	1	1	1
16-17	1.10 [0.83]	0.48 [0.21]	2.71 [0.14]	0.90 [0.86]	1.97 [0.14]
18-19	0.81 [0.63]	0.70 [0.50]	1.94 [0.31]	0.88 [0.84]	1.13 [0.79]
not by 19	0.41 [0.03]	0.48 [0.13]	1.26 [0.72]	0.53 [0.27]	1.08 [0.86]
Age of sex initiation
11-15	1	1	1	1	1
16-17	1.20 [0.17]	0.68 [0.01]	1.06 [0.69]	1.13 [0.53]	0.72 [0.00]
18-19	1.65 [0.00]	0.56 [0.00]	1.22 [0.23]	0.86 [0.51]	0.48 [0.00]
not by 19	3.23 [0.00]	0.33 [0.00]	1.76 [0.00]	0.73 [0.22]	0.23 [0.00]
Number of crimes/delinquencies (1980)
9+	1	1	1	1	1
3-8	0.76 [0.05]	0.62 [0.01]	0.96 [0.79]	1.16 [0.50]	0.99 [0.92]
1-2	0.83 [0.19]	0.54 [0.00]	1.08 [0.64]	0.92 [0.74]	0.94 [0.66]
0	0.67 [0.00]	0.45 [0.00]	0.96 [0.82]	0.78 [0.30]	0.83 [0.20]
Sex
Male	2.06 [0.00]	0.74 [0.02]	1.46 [0.00]	0.75 [0.05]	0.58 [0.00]
Female	1	1	1	1	1
Race/Ethnicity
White	1	1	1	1	1
Black	1.91 [0.00]	11.73 [0.00]	0.88 [0.34]	0.67 [0.06]	0.94 [0.56]
Hispanic	0.87 [0.27]	2.36 [0.00]	0.76 [0.05]	0.77 [0.20]	0.98 [0.85]
Educational Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1	1	1
High school graduate	1.17 [0.38]	0.63 [0.01]	1.11 [0.64]	1.21 [0.54]	1.13 [0.38]
Some college and up	1.64 [0.01]	0.52 [0.00]	2.12 [0.00]	1.72 [0.08]	0.86 [0.33]
Rosenberg self-esteem scale	0.96 [0.00]	0.96 [0.00]	1.00 [0.57]	1.00 [0.88]	1.00 [0.74]
Parent with alcohol problem
Yes	0.96 [0.75]	1.19 [0.19]	0.85 [0.22]	1.09 [0.64]	1.17 [0.11]
No	1	1	1	1	1
Family Type
Both biological parents	1	1	1	1	1
Single mother	1.50 [0.00]	1.48 [0.01]	1.04 [0.83]	1.00 [0.99]	1.02 [0.88]
Single father	1.58 [0.26]	2.00 [0.14]	0.69 [0.56]	0.51 [0.51]	1.01 [0.99]
Mother and stepfather	0.91 [0.67]	1.29 [0.26]	0.97 [0.91]	1.23 [0.48]	1.61 [0.00]
Father and stepmother	0.45 [0.08]	0.88 [0.76]	1.10 [0.79]	0.70 [0.56]	0.84 [0.60]
Others (relatives and non-relatives)	0.98 [0.96]	0.87 [0.71]	0.97 [0.94]	1.53 [0.38]	1.68 [0.05]
Mother's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1	1	1
High school graduate	1.04 [0.74]	0.77 [0.06]	1.07 [0.56]	1.25 [0.22]	0.96 [0.67]
Some college	1.05 [0.76]	0.99 [0.95]	1.06 [0.76]	1.15 [0.60]	0.77 [0.14]
College graduate	1.26 [0.21]	0.55 [0.09]	1.44 [0.06]	1.12 [0.70]	0.91 [0.63]
Father's Education Attainment
High school dropout	1	1	1	1	1
High school graduate	1.24 [0.06]	1.14 [0.34]	1.12 [0.36]	1.30 [0.14]	1.17 [0.11]
Some college	1.19 [0.30]	1.25 [0.34]	1.08 [0.66]	1.51 [0.09]	0.95 [0.74]
College graduate	1.21 [0.22]	0.80 [0.43]	1.13 [0.46]	1.02 [0.93]	0.85 [0.33]

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by Age of Alcohol Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Age of Alcohol Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	11-15	16-17	18-19	not by age 19
Never married without children	0.164	0.139	0.154	0.149
Never married with children	0.071	0.096	0.092	0.083
Married without children	0.104	0.117	0.116	0.112
Married with children	0.437	0.445	0.428	0.459
Married but divorced without children	0.051	0.046	0.048	0.037
Married but divorced with children	0.173	0.156	0.162	0.160

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by Age of Marijuana Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Age of Marijuana Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	11-15	16-17	18-19	not by age 19
Never married without children	0.145	0.167	0.150	0.145
Never married with children	0.093	0.091	0.069	0.089
Married without children	0.120	0.108	0.119	0.112
Married with children	0.431	0.428	0.446	0.450
Married but divorced without children	0.045	0.042	0.064	0.044
Married but divorced with children	0.166	0.164	0.152	0.160

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by Age of Cocaine Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Age of Cocaine Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	11-15	16-17	18-19	not by age 19
Never married without children	0.256	0.238	0.212	0.141
Never married with children	0.130	0.062	0.100	0.088
Married without children	0.068	0.151	0.131	0.111
Married with children	0.358	0.300	0.360	0.454
Married but divorced without children	0.067	0.049	0.059	0.045
Married but divorced with children	0.121	0.200	0.138	0.162

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by Age of Sex Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Age of Sex Initiation
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	11-15	16-17	18-19	not by age 19
Never married without children	0.093	0.119	0.166	0.284
Never married with children	0.112	0.087	0.075	0.042
Married without children	0.089	0.100	0.116	0.149
Married with children	0.416	0.448	0.465	0.429
Married but divorced without children	0.046	0.056	0.044	0.034
Married but divorced with children	0.242	0.191	0.134	0.062

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by number of Crimes/delinquencies in 1980
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Number of Crimes/Delinquencies in 1980
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	9+	3-8	1-2	0 >
Never married without children	0.173	0.145	0.158	0.139
Never married with children	0.126	0.093	0.082	0.075
Married without children	0.103	0.107	0.120	0.117
Married with children	0.396	0.430	0.432	0.469
Married but divorced without children	0.045	0.056	0.045	0.042
Married but divorced with children	0.158	0.169	0.163	0.158

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by family structure
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Family Type
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Both Biological parents	Single Mother	Single Father	Mother and Stepfather	Father and Stepmother	Others (relatives and non-relatives)
Never married without children	0.147	0.194	0.209	0.124	0.077	0.133
Never married with children	0.083	0.106	0.134	0.093	0.084	0.066
Married without children	0.114	0.107	0.074	0.103	0.144	0.101
Married with children	0.450	0.405	0.414	0.406	0.508	0.404
Married but divorced without children	0.047	0.042	0.022	0.052	0.037	0.063
Married but divorced with children	0.158	0.146	0.146	0.223	0.150	0.232

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility and Outcomes at age 33 by Mother's Educational Attainment
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Mother's Educational Attainment
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	High School Dropout	High School Graduates	Some College	College Graduate
Never married without children	0.144	0.150	0.153	0.173
Never married with children	0.097	0.079	0.099	0.058
Married without children	0.105	0.112	0.112	0.142
Married with children	0.444	0.445	0.453	0.430
Married but divorced without children	0.041	0.050	0.048	0.044
Married but divorced with children	0.169	0.164	0.135	0.153

Probabilities of Marital and Fertility Outcomes at age 33 by Father's Educational Attainment
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	Father's Educational Attainment
Marriage and Fertility Outcome At age 33	High School Dropout	High School Graduates	Some College	College Graduate
Never married without children	0.138	0.155	0.152	0.165
Never married with children	0.100	0.102	0.114	0.084
Married without children	0.106	0.108	0.107	0.117
Married with children	0.452	0.413	0.425	0.452
Married but divorced without children	0.040	0.047	0.057	0.041
Married but divorced with children	0.163	0.174	0.146	0.141

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Youth/Teens/Adolescents Risk Prevention and Avoidance

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The Long Term Impact of Adolescent Risky Behaviors and Family Environment. Appendix B: Regressions of Adult Outcomes on Adolescent Risky Behaviors, Family Environment, and Other Independent Variables

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