E.1 Outcome Tables for Fragile Families Data Set

Table E-1.
Demographic and background characteristics households
at least 50 percent below poverty line
	Stably						Significant Group Comparisons
	Stably						Stable			At Risk		Dbld
	Housed		At-Risk	Doubled-Up	Homeless		vs.			vs.		vs.
Variable	n = 187 (%)		n = 347 (%)	n = 231 (%)	n = 73 (%)		A	D	H	D	H	H
Demographics – Mother (Baseline)
Race – All Categories
White		16	18	22		12
Black		63	66	62		70
Asian		2	2	1		3
American Indian		7	6	7		4
Hispanic		--	0.3	--		--
Other		13	9	9		11
Race – % African American		62	65	61		70
Age (mean, standard deviation)		24.7 (5.5)	24.2 (5.5)	24.1 (6.1)		24.0 (6.0)
Mother’s Income (%)
< $5,000		46	51	55		49
$5,000 – $10,000		36	34	26		37
> $10,000		17	15	20		14
Demographics – Father (Baseline)
Race – All Categories
White		14	16	21		10						X
Black		63	69	62		79						X
Asian		2	1	0.4		1
American Indian		7	5	7		1
Hispanic		--	--	--		--
Other		15	9	11		9
Race – % African-American (mother’s report)		54	59	58		60
Age (mean, standard deviation)		16.5 (17.5)	18.4 (16.3)	16.8 (16.2)		19.2 (17.5)
Father’s Income (%)
< $5,000		18	17	15		8
$5,000 – $10,000		9	15	19		17
> $10,000		73	69	66		75

Table E-1.
Demographic and background characteristics households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Stably						Significant Group Comparisons
	Stably						Stable			At Risk		Dbld
	Housed		At-Risk	Doubled-Up	Homeless		vs.			vs.		vs.
Variable	n = 187 (%)		n = 347 (%)	n = 231 (%)	n = 73 (%)		A	D	H	D	H	H
Background – Mother
Living with both biological parents at age 15		39	30	35		29	X
Had first birth as a teen		30	30	27		36
Mothers Age at 1^st Birth		19.8	19.4	20.0		19.1
Any new pregnancies or children?
Year 1		27	16	11		16
Year 3		41	35	36		45
Mother’s Education – Baseline
< HS		54	51	55		55
HS +		47	49	45		45
Currently attend any school/training – 1 year		17	20	14		18
Mother has worked since child’s birth – 1 year		65	73	75		73
Do any regular work for pay last week?
Year 1		35	38	37		34
Year 3		51	47	44		32			X		X
Visited a doctor/health care professional to check on the pregnancy – Baseline		93	94	98		92				X		X

Table E-1.
Demographic and background characteristics households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Stably						Significant Group Comparisons
	Stably						Stable			At Risk		Dbld
	Housed		At-Risk	Doubled-Up	Homeless		vs.			vs.		vs.
Variable	n = 187 (%)		n = 347 (%)	n = 231 (%)	n = 73 (%)		A	D	H	D	H	H
Mother’s Household Composition
Lives with Partner/Spouse
Baseline		42	44	38		40
Year 1		57	48	35		40		X	X	X
Year 3		45	45	36		30			X	X	X
Lives with Mother (i.e. child’s grandmother)
Baseline		27	18	27		23	X			X
Year 1		16	10	22		14				X
Year 3		9	6	8		18		X		X		X
Child lives with mother
Baseline		98	99	100		94		X			X	X
Year 1		97	99	94		93				X	X
Year 3		97	98	95		89			X		X
Number of adults in Household (not partner)
Baseline		.80	.52	.87		.59	X			X		X
Year 1		.67	.39	.97		.62	X	X		X		X
Year 3		.69	.58	1.04		.87		X		X	X
Number of children in household
Baseline		1.89	1.57	1.56		1.44	X	X	X
Year 1		2.83	2.68	2.86		2.56
Year 3		2.94	2.79	2.76		2.77
Spouse/Partner Working
Baseline		34	37	31		30
Year 1		41	31	20		18	X	X	X	X	X
Year 3		16	13	7		5		X	X	X

Table E-1.
Demographic and background characteristics households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Stably					Significant Group Comparisons
	Stably					Stable			At Risk		Dbld
	Housed		At-Risk	Doubled-Up	Homeless	vs.			vs.		vs.
Variable	n = 187 (%)		n = 347 (%)	n = 231 (%)	n = 73 (%)	A	D	H	D	H	H
Other adult in household working
Baseline		31	20	39	25	X			X		X
Year 1		22	13	31	19	X	X		X		X
Year 3		33	28	44	38		X		X
Housing
Mother lives in housing project
Baseline		23	24	18	23
Year 1		33	31	18	19		X	X	X	X
Year 3		28	26	21	27
Mother receives housing subsidy
Baseline		28	35	20	38				X		X
Year 1		31	34	19	14			X	X	X	X
Year 3		32	34	22	29		X		X
Safety of streets around home at night – Baseline
Very Safe		19	13	18	16
Safe		61	60	56	47			X
Unsafe		16	21	21	27			X
Very Unsafe		4	6	5	10
Problems Making Ends Meet
Received free food/meal in past 12 months
Year 1		3	15	20	34	X	X	X		X	X
Year 3		2	15	16	35	X	X	X		X	X
In past 12 months, children went hungry – Year 1		0	2	2	5			X
In past 12 months, mother went hungry – Year 1		2	7	12	22	X	X	X		X	X
Social Support
During pregnancy, received financial support other than baby’s father? – Baseline		53	57	67	67		X	X	X
Next year, would someone in family loan you $200?
Baseline		85	81	80	79
Year 1		74	74	67	64
Year 3		82	72	75	74	X
Next year, would someone in family give you a place to live?
Baseline		90	86	88	85
Year 1		82	72	80	64	X		X	X
Year 3		82	74	79	62			X		X	X
Next year, would someone help you with babysitting/ child care?
Baseline		92	37	88	89
Year 1		82	79	81	81
Year 3		90	77	84	75	X		X	X
Count on someone to co-sign loan for $1000
Year 1		50	37	42	33	X		X
Year 3		54	40	37	26	X	X	X		X
Government Assistance
In last year, had income from public assistance, welfare, or food stamps – Baseline		60	69	58	74	X		X	X		X
In last year, had income from unemployment insurance, worker’s compensation, disability, or SSI - Baseline		8	8	17	12
Received food stamps in past 12 months
Year 1		68	75	68	82			X			X
Year 3		60	71	74	76	X	X	X
Complete tax form – Year 1		44	47	44	36
Applied for Earned Income Tax Credit? – Year 1		43	72	65	74	X	X	X
Have any health insurance
Year 1		88	90	84	85				X
Year 3		90	93	93	97
Health, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse
Mother’s health (avg.)
Baseline		2.07	2.28	2.32	2.48	X	X	X
Year 1		1.95	2.39	2.42	2.55	X	X	X
Year 3		2.05	2.45	2.45	2.65	X	X	X
Use Alcohol
Baseline		9	12	13	25			X		X	X
Year 1		17	28	28	29	X	X	X
Year 3		30	47	49	49	X	X	X
Use Drugs
Baseline		7	5	13	25		X	X	X	X	X
Year 1		1	3	5	5		X	X
Year 3		1	9	9	20	X	X	X		X	X
Use Cigarettes
Baseline		20	29	30	40	X	X	X
Year 1		25	36	39	47	X	X	X
In past year, has alcohol or drugs interfered with work/relationships?
Baseline		1	4	6	4	X	X
Year 1		2	1	6	5		X		X	X
Year 3		3	6	7	16	X		X			X
Felt sad/depressed 2 or more weeks in a row
Year 1		12	24	24	46	X	X	X		X	X
Year 3		15	31	38	39	X	X	X

Table E-1.
Demographic and background characteristics households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Stably					Significant Group Comparisons
	Stably					Stable			At Risk		Dbld
	Housed		At-Risk	Doubled-Up	Homeless	vs.			vs.		vs.
Variable	n = 187 (%)		n = 347 (%)	n = 231 (%)	n = 73 (%)	A	D	H	D	H	H
Lost interest in hobbies/work for 2 or more weeks in a row
Year 1		3	16	19	20	X	X	X
Year 3		6	14	15	24	X	X	X
Felt tense/anxious for month or longer
Year 1		7	20	20	36	X	X	X		X	X
Year 3		5	22	24	39	X	X	X		X	X
Sought help or was treated for drug or alcohol problems
Year 1		4	4	6	12			X		X
Year 3		1	1	6	6		X	X	X	X
Hit or slapped by spouse/partner
Baseline		2	4	7	8		X	X
Year 1		4	10	12	19	X	X	X		X
Year 3		8	13	16	25		X	X		X

Table E-2.
Logistic regression models year 1 and year 3 homeless households
at least 50 percent below poverty line
	Year 1 Model	Yr 1 or 3 Model	Year 3 Model
	n=778	n=775	n=688
Nagelkerke R²	.157	.166	.333
Age
Race (% Black)
Live Both Parents @ 15
Teen Birth			.872*
Preg @ Year 1
Preg @ Year 3	^#	^#
Partner – Baseline			^#
Partner – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Partner B-1			^#
Change Partner 1-3	^#	^#	-1.536***
Live with Mother – Base			^#
Live with Mother – Yr 1	^#	^#	1.007*
Change Live Mom B-1			^#
Change Live Mom 1-3	^#	^#
# Adults in Hhld – Base			^#
# Adults in Hhld – Yr 1
# Adults in Hhld – Yr 3	^#	^#	.509**
# Kids – Baseline			^#
# Kids – Yr 1
# Kids – Yr 3	^#	^#
Social Support – Base (# Sources 0-3)			^#
Social Support – Yr 1
Social Support – Yr 3	^#	^#
$1000 Loan – Yr 1
$1000 Loan – Yr 3	^#	^#	-1.303*
Educ Level – Baseline (<HS/HS+)
Mother Working – Base			^#
Mother Working – Yr 1	^#	^#	-1.537*
Change Mom Work B-1			^#
Change Mom Work 1-3	^#	^#	-1.803**
Income – Year 1 (ln)	-.155*	-.182**	-.303***
Partner Working – Base			^#
Partner Working – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Partner Work B-1			^#
Change Partner Work 1-3	^#	^#
Other Adult Work – Base			^#
Other Adult Work – Yr 1
Other Adult Work – Yr 3	^#	^#
# Indicates cell that is gray.

Table E-2.
Logistic regression models year 1 and year 3 homeless households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Year 1 Model	Yr 1 or 3 Model	Year 3 Model
	n=778	n=775	n=688
Nagelkerke R²	.157	.166	.333
Health Status – Base (1:Excellent – 5:Poor)			^#
Health Status – Yr 1
Health Status – Yr 3	^#	^#
Ever Use SA – Base and Yr 1	1.076*
SA Ever Interfere – B and Yr 1		.781*	^#
Ever DV – B and Yr 1	1.092**	.764*	^#
MH Prob – Yr 1	.306	.473***	^#
Ever Use SA – Base, 1, 3	^#	^#
SA Ever Interfere – B, 1, 3	^#	^#
Ever DV – B, 1, 3	^#	^#
MH Prob – Yr 3	^#	^#	.637**
Neigh Safety – Baseline (1 Very Safe – 4 Very Unsafe)			.535*
Public Hsng – Base			^#
Public Hsng – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Pub Hsng B-1			^#
Change Pub Hsng 1-3	^#	^#
Hsng Assist – Baseline		-.815*	^#
Hsng Assist – Yr 1	^#	^#	-1.473*
Change Hsng Assist B-1	-1.029***	-1.359***	^#
Change Hsng Assit 1-3	^#	^#
TANF/Food Stamps – Base			^#
Receive TANF – Yr 1	.995**	1.029***	.759
Change TANF 1-3	^#	^#
Receive Food Stamps – Yr 1
Change Food Stamps 1-3	^#	^#
Significant at P<.05 Significant at P<.01 **Significant at P<.001 # Indicates cell that is gray.

Table E-3.
Logistic regression models year 1 and year 3 stably housed households
at least 50 percent below poverty line
	Year 1 Model	Yr 1 or 3 Model	Year 3 Model
	n=778	n=775	n=688
Nagelkerke R²	.221	.197	.183
Age		.033
Race (% Black)
Live Both Parents @ 15
Teen Birth
Preg @ Year 1
Preg @ Year 3	^#	^#
Partner – Baseline	.530**	.548*	^#
Partner – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Partner B-1	.456*		^#
Change Partner 1-3	^#	^#	-.303
Live with Mother – Baseline			^#
Live with Mother – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Live Mom B-1	.336		^#
Change Live Mom 1-3	^#	^#	-.479**
# Adults in Hhld – Baseline	.186*	.210*	^#
# Adults in Hhld – Yr 1
# Adults in Hhld – Yr 3	^#	^#
# Kids – Baseline	.194***		^#
# Kids – Yr 1
# Kids – Yr 3	^#	^#
Social Support – Base (# Sources 0-3)			^#
Social Support – Yr 1
Social Support – Yr 3	^#	^#
$1000 Loan – Yr 1	.291
$1000 Loan – Yr 3	^#	^#
Educ Level – Baseline (<HS/HS+)
Mother Working – Baseline	-.283		^#
Mother Working – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Mom Work B-1			^#
Change Mom Work 1-3	^#	^#	.383**
Income – Yr 1 (ln)	.091	.112
Partner Working – Base			^#
Partner Working – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Partner Work B-1	.705**	.881***	^#
Change Partner Work 1-3	^#	^#
Other Adult Working –Base			^#
Other Adult Working – Yr 1
Other Adult Working – Yr 3	^#	^#
# Indicates cell that is gray.

Table E-3.
Logistic regression models year 1 and year 3 stably housed households
at least 50 percent below poverty line (continued)
	Year 1 Model	Yr 1 or 3 Model	Year 3 Model
	n=778	n=775	n=688
Nagelkerke R²	.221	.197	.183
Health Status – Base (1:Excellent – 5:Poor)	-.149	-.323***	^#
Health Status – Yr 1			-.130
Health Status – Yr 3	^#	^#
Ever Use SA – Base and Yr1	-.473**	-.644**	^#
SA Ever Interfere – B and Yr 1			^#
Ever DV – B and Yr 1	-1.037***	-.928*	^#
MH Prob – Yr 1	-.546***	-.625***	^#
Ever Use SA – Base, 1, 3	^#	^#	-.692***
SA Ever Interfere – B, 1, 3	^#	^#
Ever DV – B, 1, 3	^#	^#
MH Prob – Yr 3	^#	^#	-.583***
Neigh Safety – Baseline (1 Very Safe – 4 Very Unsafe)
Public Hsng – Base		.823**	^#
Public Hsng – Yr 1	^#	^#	.528**
Change Pub Hsng B-1		.548*	^#
Change Pub Hsng 1-3	^#	^#
Hsng Assist – Baseline			^#
Hsng Assist – Yr 1	^#	^#
Change Hsng Assist B-1		.352	^#
Change Hsng Assit 1-3	^#	^#
TANF/Food Stamps – Base			^#
Receive TANF – Yr 1			-.304
Change TANF 1-3	^#	^#
Receive Food Stamps – Yr 1
Change Food Stamps 1-3	^#	^#	-.508**
Significant at P<.05 Significant at P<.01 **Significant at P<.001 # Indicates cell that is gray.

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Form Approved OMB# 0990-0379 Exp. Date 9/30/2020

Characteristics and Dynamics of Homeless Families with Children. E.1 Outcome Tables for Fragile Families Data Set

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