Content by Keyword: Science

Privacy is a deeply felt but elusive concept. Everyone is sensitive to having his privacy violated. The concepts of "personal matters" and "intimate knowledge" are familiar, as is the notion that individuals live in a "private sphere" over which they are to be granted autonomy. The right to private life was proclaimed in the Universal Declaration

The Report identifies many problem areas. The following are four large groups of issues that, while not entirely new, are growing rapidly in scale and complexity, and must urgently be attended to: Secondary uses of data, and data linking Research on private-sector health data Cybersecurity Genetic privacy. Issue cluster: Secondary res

Contemporary health research is generating a multitude of benefits for humankind, and the future benefits look at least as promising. As the above heading indicates, health research generates new data by observation and experiment, but also—in part because its questions are of such an "applied," practical nature—it often proceeds by analyzing

In general, the investment to produce a new drug for a small market is no different than producing a new drug for a large market, but a company is less likely to recoup its investment in a small market. Government funding of new drug development can raise the science base and move any promising drug closer to launch. Improving the science base can

There was a divergence of opinion among the pharmaceutical company interviewees about the readiness of the science base for cocaine pharmacotherapies. Representatives of two companies expressed skepticism about the readiness of the science base. One representative indicated that current limitations stem from a lack of understanding regarding the b

There was a divergence of opinion among the pharmaceutical company interviewees about the readiness of the science base for cocaine pharmacotherapies. Representatives of two companies expressed skepticism about the readiness of the science base. One representative indicated that current limitations stem from a lack of understanding regarding the b

Social stigma of drug abusers was cited as a market barrier by representatives of two of the pharmaceutical companies, though it is regarded as surmountable if the commercial and scientific viability of the product is favorable. The pharmaceutical companies that identified social stigma as a barrier were familiar and sympathetic to the case experi

Several points within the drug approval process were seen by industry as potential market barriers to product development in this field. However, as a group, none were viewed as major barriers that could not be surmounted, especially if the market barriers cited as critical ones above were lowered or eliminated.

Some of the market barriers identified in the 1995 IOM report were confirmed through the interviews with private firms and case studies conducted for this effort. Figure 36 summarizes the market barriers that were confirmed (in full or in part) and not confirmed during this study. (As noted above, the number of interviews and case studies was limi

Introduction Drug Overview

The government was involved in aspects of development and marketing for each of the four case study drugs. These phases, adapted from the 1995 IOM report, include discovery, clinical studies, NDA phase, and marketing. Figure 23: Overview of Past Government Strategies to Lower Market Barriers   Strategy

Another important investment criterion used by some companies is the internal rate of return (IRR). The IRR is the rate of interest at which the present value of all net cash flows into and out of a project over a specified time interval equals zero. A higher IRR makes an investment opportunity more favorable.

How We Will Accomplish Our Objective We will accelerate development by: applying state-of-the-art science knowledge to ensure timely review of important new medical products. streamlining the review processes for approval of new drugs, therapies, and technology.

How We Will Accomplish Our Objective We will improve our understanding of how to prevent, diagnose and treat disease and disability by:

The "health research" goal recognizes the prominence of health research in HHS and its importance in furthering the overall mission of improving the nation's health. Many strategies under other goals and objectives are also research based, so there is overlap among the goals and objectives. The objectives under Goal 6 deal with creating knowledge

How We Will Accomplish Our Objective We will access state-of-the-art science necessary for timely and credible regulatory decisions by: recruiting top scientists. engaging in continuous training of the professional work force.

In addition to behavior, access, and quality, the vitality of the public health system in the United States is essential to ensuring and improving the health of Americans. Therefore, Goal 5 is concerned with making sure the infrastructure of the public health system is sound.

Improving quality of life and health in the United States also involves improving the quality of human services and health care that persons receive. The focus of this goal and supporting objectives is on the implementation of a variety of strategies to improve service quality. In this respect, several of the objectives parallel the goals in the D

How We Will Accomplish Our Objective We will support an initiative to prevent falls--a leading cause of functional decline in the elderly. Our strategy will focus on:

How We Will Accomplish Our Objective We will provide science-based information on the effects of drug use and on effective prevention and treatment strategies to health professionals, states, communities, and the public.