Education

Moving People from Welfare to Work. Lessons from the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies.. Research Design

NEWWS used a random assignment research design to estimate the effects of the studied programs. Welfare recipients were randomly assigned to one of two or three research groups, depending on the site. One of the groups was always a control group. In all the sites, control group members were eligible for welfare as usual. In addition, they were e

Moving People from Welfare to Work. Lessons from the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies.. Sites and Programs

The 11 programs in NEWWS were operated in seven sites across the country: Atlanta, Georgia; Grand Rapids, Michigan; Riverside, California; Columbus, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Portland, Oregon (for a list of the programs categorized by type, see Table 2 ).

Moving People from Welfare to Work. Lessons from the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies.. Program Context

The programs studied in NEWWS were initially run under the federal Family Support Act (FSA). Enacted in 1988, FSA required the government to provide education, employment, and support services to adults receiving cash welfare assistance, known at the time as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Recipients of AFDC, in turn, were required

Moving People from Welfare to Work. Lessons from the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies.. Introduction and Overview

Over the past three decades, federal and state policymakers have created a variety of programs with the common goal of moving people from welfare to work. How to go about increasing employment among welfare recipients, however, has long been debated. By laying out the lessons learned from the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (

The 1995 Report of the National Research Council

Reasons for Measuring Poverty in the United States in the Context of Public Policy — A Historical Review, 1916-1995. The 1995 Report of the National Research Council's Panel on Poverty and Family Assistance and Events Leading Up to It

In 1989-1990, there were several calls for a review or revision of the official poverty measure. 103 Among those calling for a revision of the poverty measure were the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) of Congress and Patricia Ruggles of the Urban Institute.

Reasons for Measuring Poverty in the United States in the Context of Public Policy — A Historical Review, 1916-1995. The Seventies and the Eighties

In 1974, in response to a legislative requirement, an interagency Poverty Studies Task Force was established under the leadership of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to undertake an intensive review of the current poverty measure and various alternative measurement schemes. The Task Force's final report 83 was submitted

Reasons for Measuring Poverty in the United States in the Context of Public Policy — A Historical Review, 1916-1995. The War on Poverty

In his January 1964 State of the Union address, President Lyndon Johnson announced a War on Poverty.

Reasons for Measuring Poverty in the United States in the Context of Public Policy — A Historical Review, 1916-1995. The Early Post-World-War-II Period

In July 1949, the chairman of the Congressional Joint Committee on the Economic Report [JCER — subsequently renamed the Joint Economic Committee] appointed a subcommittee to do a study of low-income families. 16 The appointment of this Subcommittee on Low-Income Families [SLIF] grew out of the post-World-War-II inflationary spiral.

Reasons for Measuring Poverty in the United States in the Context of Public Policy — A Historical Review, 1916-1995

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not represent the position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. August 1999, revised June 2000

Public Health Laboratories and Health System Change . Washington State Case Study

Background/Objectives We interviewed the following individuals during our site visit to Washington State: Dorothy Canavan, Lab Manager, Dynacare Jon Counts, Dr.P.H., Director, Public Health Laboratories Jac Davies, Health Services Administrator, Public Health Laboratories Daniel Jernigan, Medical Epidemiologist, Public Health Laborator

Public Health Laboratories and Health System Change . The Public Health Infrastructure

Before discussing the specific activities of PHLs, it is first important to characterize the larger public health infrastructure in which PHLs reside. In a 1988 report entitled The Future of Public Health by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the report attributed many of the major improvements in the health of the American people to the success o

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.. Conclusions

Adolescence is usually too young an age to become a parent in the contemporary United States. This is largely because raising a child takes patience and resources that are acquired in advanced societies gradually with age, education, and experience. Moreover, among adolescents, it is those who are least well prepared to nurture and raise a child w

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.

by : Kristin A. Moore, Brent C. Miller, Barbara W. Sugland, Donna Ruane Morrison, Dana A. Glei, Connie Blumenthal,

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.. Review of Prevention Programs

Many concerned parties, including policy makers, tax payers, parents, scholars and program providers, want to identify programs that could bring about large reductions in unintended adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. For at least two decades now, varied approaches to prevention and intervention have been tried in the United States. As suggested

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.. Pregnancy Resolution

When adolescents become unintentionally pregnant they face several difficult choices. About equal proportions of pregnant adolescents have unintended births (37 percent) or induced abortions (35 percent), with smaller percentages of adolescent pregnancies ending in miscarriages or intended births (about 14 percent each). Given their young age and

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.. Contraception

Effective contraceptive use generally requires planning and preparation prior to having sexual intercourse. This is often a problem for adolescents because young people usually report that their first sexual intercourse "just happened" and that they were not planning to have sex at the time. Consequently, condoms, which require the least amount of

Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy and Parenthood. A Review of Research and Interventions.. Sexual Intercourse

Most young people in the United States begin having sexual intercourse during their teenage years. Current data suggest that slightly more than half of females and nearly two-thirds of males have had intercourse by their 18th birthday. In the last several decades there have been substantial increases in the proportion of adolescents who report sex

Pathways to Adulthood and Marriage: Teenagers’ Attitudes, Expectations, and Relationship Patterns. References

Abma, J.C., G.M. Martinez, W.D. Mosher, and B.S. Dawson. "Teenagers in the United States: Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, 2002." National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics , series 23, no. 24, December 2004. Amato, Paul R. "Children of Divorce in the 1990s: An Update of the Amato and Keith (1991) Me

Which Young Adults Are Most Likely to Marry and

Pathways to Adulthood and Marriage: Teenagers’ Attitudes, Expectations, and Relationship Patterns. Which Young Adults Are Most Likely to Marry and Cohabit?

Until this point, we have examined whether various factors, such as gender, race/ethnicity, and income, are related to relationship behaviors and outcomes. Certain of these characteristics, however, may be linked with each other. For example, what if adolescents who grew up with single parents and those who grew up in low-income households are les

Pathways to Adulthood and Marriage: Teenagers’ Attitudes, Expectations, and Relationship Patterns. Do Teens’ Attitudes Differ by Background Characteristics?

As discussed in Chapter I , many of the recent policy efforts aimed at supporting healthy marriages have been targeted to low-income families with children. However, in this section we show that it is family structure — and not family income level — that is most closely associated with teens’ attitudes toward marriage. There are also diff

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