APPENDIX I. SELECTED ECONOMIC, POPULATION, IMMIGRATION, INCOME AND FISCAL DATA FOR THE UNITED STATES AND BY STATE TABLE I-1.--PRICE LEVELS, 1970-98 [1987=100] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GDP implicit All items All items (CPI-U) Food and Medical CPI-X1 (fiscal Calendar year price (CPI-U) (fiscal year) beverage\1\ Housing\2\ care CPI-X1 year) deflator -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970............................. 35.2 38.8 37.8 40.1 36.4 34.0 41.3 40.3 1971............................. 37.1 40.5 39.7 41.4 38.0 36.1 43.1 42.2 1972............................. 38.8 41.8 41.2 43.1 39.4 37.3 44.4 43.7 1973............................. 41.3 44.4 42.8 48.8 41.2 38.8 47.2 45.5 1974............................. 44.9 49.3 46.7 55.5 45.8 42.4 51.9 49.3 1975............................. 49.2 53.8 51.8 60.2 50.7 47.5 56.2 54.2 1976............................. 52.3 56.9 \3\55.5 62.1 53.8 52.0 59.4 \3\57.9 1977............................. 55.9 60.6 59.7 65.8 57.4 57.0 63.2 62.2 1978............................. 60.3 65.2 63.9 72.2 62.4 61.8 67.5 66.2 1979............................. 65.5 72.6 70.4 79.9 70.1 67.5 74.0 72.1 1980............................. 71.7 82.4 80.0 86.7 81.1 74.9 82.3 80.2 1981............................. 78.9 90.9 88.9 93.5 90.4 82.9 90.1 88.2 1982............................. 83.8 96.5 95.5 97.3 96.9 92.5 95.6 94.4 1983............................. 87.2 99.6 98.8 99.5 99.5 100.6 99.6 98.7 1984............................. 91.0 103.9 102.9 103.2 103.6 106.8 103.9 102.9 1985............................. 94.4 107.6 106.7 105.6 107.7 113.5 107.6 106.7 1986............................. 96.9 109.6 109.3 109.1 110.9 122.0 109.6 109.3 1987............................. 100.0 113.6 112.5 113.5 114.2 130.1 113.6 112.5 1988............................. 103.9 118.3 117.1 118.2 118.5 138.6 118.3 117.1 1989............................. 108.5 124.0 122.7 124.9 123.0 149.3 124.0 122.7 1990............................. 113.2 130.7 128.8 132.1 128.5 162.8 130.7 128.8 1991............................. 117.8 136.2 135.3 136.8 133.6 177.0 136.2 135.3 1992............................. 120.9 140.4 139.4 138.7 137.5 190.1 140.4 139.4 1993............................. 124.2 144.5 143.5 141.6 141.2 201.4 144.5 143.5 1994\4\.......................... 126.7 148.6 147.6 ............ ........... ........... 148.6 147.6 1995\4\.......................... 129.6 152.6 151.6 ............ ........... ........... 152.6 151.6 1996\4\.......................... 132.6 156.7 155.7 ............ ........... ........... 156.7 155.7 1997\4\.......................... 135.5 161.0 159.9 ............ ........... ........... 161.0 159.9 1998\4\.......................... 138.5 165.3 164.2 ............ ........... ........... 165.3 164.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Includes alcoholic beverages, not shown separately. \2\Housing data from the Economic Report of the President, February 1994, p. 335. \3\In 1976, the fiscal year was moved from July-June to October-September. The 3-month period from July through September, 1976, is not represented in this table. The value for CPI-U during this period is 57.4; the value of CPI-X1 during this period is 59.8. \4\Forecast. Note: Data beginning 1978 are for all urban consumers; earlier data are for urban wage earners and clerical workers. Data for CPI-U beginning 1983 incorporate a rental equivalence measure for homeowners' costs (the measure used in determining CPI-X1) and therefore are not strictly comparable with earlier figures. Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Congressional Budget Office. TABLE I-2.--POPULATION ESTIMATES BY STATE [In thousands] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage Percentage change, Population of Percentage Resident Resident Resident total age 65 population Population of population, population, population, population, years and age 65 and ages 0-17, population 1993\1\ 1990\2\ 1980\2\ 1980-90\2\ over, over, 1990\2\ ages 0-17, 1990\2\ 1990\2\ 1990\2\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama............................................. 4,187 4,041 3,894 3.8 520 12.9 1,064 26.3 Alaska.............................................. 599 550 402 36.8 22 4.0 173 31.5 Arizona............................................. 3,936 3,665 2,718 34.8 476 13.0 986 26.9 Arkansas............................................ 2,424 2,351 2,286 24.7 349 14.8 624 26.5 California.......................................... 31,211 29,760 23,668 25.7 3,112 10.5 7,810 26.2 Colorado............................................ 3,566 3,294 2,890 14.0 328 10.0 864 26.2 Connecticut......................................... 3,277 3,287 3,108 5.8 444 13.5 754 22.9 Delaware............................................ 700 666 594 12.1 80 12.0 164 24.6 District of Columbia................................ 578 607 638 -4.9 77 12.7 119 19.6 Florida............................................. 13,679 12,938 9,746 32.8 2,356 18.2 2,884 22.3 Georgia............................................. 6,917 6,478 5,463 18.6 651 10.0 1,736 26.8 Hawaii.............................................. 1,172 1,108 965 14.8 124 11.2 282 25.5 Idaho............................................... 1,099 1,007 944 6.7 121 12.0 309 30.7 Illinois............................................ 11,697 11,431 11,427 0 1,429 12.5 2,961 25.9 Indiana............................................. 5,713 5,544 5,490 1.0 694 12.5 1,461 26.4 Iowa................................................ 2,814 2,777 2,914 -4.7 426 15.3 721 26.0 Kansas.............................................. 2,531 2,478 2,364 4.8 342 13.8 663 26.8 Kentucky............................................ 3,789 3,685 3,661 .7 465 12.6 957 26.0 Louisiana........................................... 4,295 4,220 4,206 .3 466 11.0 1,233 29.2 Maine............................................... 1,239 1,228 1,125 9.2 163 13.3 310 25.2 Maryland............................................ 4,965 4,781 4,217 13.4 514 10.8 1,168 24.4 Massachussetts...................................... 6,012 6,016 5,737 4.9 815 13.5 1,361 22.6 Michigan............................................ 9,478 9,295 9,262 .4 1,104 11.9 2,468 26.6 Minnesota........................................... 4,517 4,375 4,076 7.3 546 12.5 1,170 26.7 Mississippi......................................... 2,643 2,573 2,521 2.1 319 12.4 750 29.1 Missouri............................................ 5,234 5,117 4,917 4.1 716 14.0 1,319 25.8 Montana............................................. 839 799 787 1.5 106 13.3 223 27.9 Nebraska............................................ 1,607 1,578 1,570 .5 223 14.1 430 27.2 Nevada.............................................. 1,389 1,202 800 50.3 127 10.6 299 24.9 New Hampshire....................................... 1,125 1,109 921 20.4 125 11.3 280 25.2 New Jersey.......................................... 7,879 7,730 7,365 5.0 1,025 13.3 1,811 23.4 New Mexico.......................................... 1,616 1,515 1,303 16.3 162 10.7 449 29.6 New York............................................ 18,197 17,990 17,558 2.5 2,340 13.0 4,292 23.9 North Carolina...................................... 6,945 6,629 5,882 12.7 800 12.1 1,616 24.4 North Dakota........................................ 635 639 653 -2.1 91 14.2 176 27.5 Ohio................................................ 11,091 10,847 10,798 .5 1,403 12.9 2,808 25.9 Oklahoma............................................ 3,231 3,146 3,025 4.0 423 13.4 840 26.7 Oregon.............................................. 3,032 2,842 2,633 7.9 390 13.7 727 25.6 Pennsylvania........................................ 12,048 11,882 11,864 .2 1,821 15.3 2,807 23.6 Rhode Island........................................ 1,000 1,003 947 5.9 150 15.0 227 22.6 South Carolina...................................... 3,643 3,487 3,122 11.7 394 11.3 926 26.6 South Dakota........................................ 715 696 691 .7 102 14.7 199 28.6 Tennessee........................................... 5,099 4,877 4,591 6.2 616 12.6 1,222 25.1 Texas............................................... 18,031 16,987 14,229 19.4 1,708 10.1 4,858 28.6 Utah................................................ 1,860 1,723 1,461 17.9 149 8.6 629 36.5 Vermont............................................. 576 563 511 10.2 66 11.7 144 25.6 Virginia............................................ 6,491 6,187 5,347 15.7 661 10.7 1,511 24.4 Washington.......................................... 5,255 4,867 4,132 17.8 573 11.8 1,267 26.0 West Virginia....................................... 1,820 1,793 1,950 -8.1 268 14.9 445 24.8 Wisconsin........................................... 5,038 4,892 4,706 4.0 650 13.3 1,292 26.4 Wyoming............................................. 470 454 470 -3.4 47 10.4 136 30.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States....................................... 257,908 248,710 226,546 9.5 31,079 12.5 63,924 25.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Estimates for 1993 are for July 1. \2\Estimates for 1990 and 1980 are for April 1. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates and Projections, Series P-25. TABLE I-3.--TOTAL U.S. RESIDENT POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP, SELECTED YEARS, 1940-2020 [In thousands] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age --------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Total 65 and 0-5 6-15 16-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 over ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1940\1\..................... 132,122 12,686 22,704 9,895 11,690 39,868 26,249 9,031 1945\1\..................... 139,928 15,224 21,663 9,362 12,036 42,521 28,630 10,494 1950........................ 151,868 19,126 24,006 8,471 11,524 45,505 30,842 12,397 1955........................ 165,069 22,014 29,231 8,601 10,299 46,904 33,493 14,525 1960........................ 179,979 24,300 34,536 10,568 10,868 46,848 36,184 16,675 1965........................ 193,526 23,913 38,848 13,412 13,404 46,609 38,889 18,451 1970........................ 203,984 20,923 41,059 15,187 16,579 48,149 41,981 20,107 1975........................ 215,465 19,667 38,962 16,953 19,317 54,074 43,794 22,696 1980........................ 227,225 19,632 35,659 17,113 21,386 63,234 44,497 25,707 1985........................ 237,924 21,360 33,930 14,969 21,265 73,387 44,595 28,416 1990........................ 249,415 22,553 34,913 14,415 19,131 80,901 46,277 31,224 1993\2\..................... 257,927 23,698 36,613 13,764 19,201 83,193 48,864 32,594 1994\2\..................... 260,711 23,965 37,171 13,903 18,893 83,487 50,122 33,169 1995\2\..................... 263,434 24,144 37,746 14,136 18,473 83,820 51,465 33,649 2000\2\..................... 276,241 23,447 40,359 15,947 17,947 83,360 59,860 35,322 2010\2\..................... 300,431 23,974 40,797 18,090 20,976 77,838 78,651 40,104 2020\2\..................... 325,942 26,333 42,840 17,335 21,725 83,215 81,147 53,348 Percentage composition: 1940........................ 100 9.6 17.2 7.5 8.8 30.2 19.9 6.8 1950........................ 100 12.6 15.8 5.6 7.6 30.0 20.3 8.2 1960........................ 100 13.5 19.2 5.9 6.0 26.0 20.1 9.3 1970........................ 100 10.3 20.1 7.4 8.1 23.6 20.6 9.9 1980........................ 100 8.6 15.7 7.5 9.4 27.8 19.6 11.3 1990........................ 100 9.0 14.0 5.8 7.7 32.4 18.6 12.5 1993........................ 100 9.2 14.2 5.3 7.4 32.3 18.9 12.6 1994........................ 100 9.2 14.3 5.3 7.2 32.0 19.2 12.7 1995........................ 100 9.2 14.3 5.4 7.0 31.8 19.5 12.8 2000........................ 100 8.5 14.6 5.8 6.5 30.2 21.7 12.8 2010........................ 100 8.0 13.6 6.0 7.0 25.9 26.2 13.3 2020........................ 100 8.1 13.1 5.3 6.7 25.5 24.9 16.4 Percentage growth: 1990 to 2000................ 10.8 4.0 15.6 10.6 -6.2 3.0 29.4 13.1 2000 to 2010................ 8.8 2.2 1.1 13.4 16.9 -6.6 31.4 13.5 2010 to 2020................ 8.5 9.8 5.0 -4.2 3.6 6.9 3.2 33.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. \2\Projected High Immigration Series. Note: Alaska and Hawaii are excluded in the years 1940 and 1945. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, Nos. 310, 311, 519, 917, 1092, 1095, and 1104. TABLE I-4.--TOTAL U.S. RESIDENT POPULATION BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN, 1970-2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All races White Black Hispanic\1\ Year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970............................ 203,984 99,291 104,692 178,703 87,203 91,500 22,687 10,799 11,888 0 0 0 1975............................ 215,465 104,876 110,589 187,216 91,408 95,807 24,696 11,727 12,969 0 0 0 1980............................ 227,225 110,399 116,826 195,185 95,169 100,016 26,771 12,653 14,117 14,869 7,422 7,447 1985............................ 237,924 115,730 122,194 202,031 98,635 103,396 28,569 13,505 15,064 18,368 9,275 9,093 1990............................ 249,415 121,600 127,815 209,150 102,376 106,773 30,620 14,488 16,131 22,554 11,489 11,065 1993\2\......................... 257,927 125,921 132,006 214,778 105,305 109,473 32,137 15,230 16,907 25,085 12,757 12,329 1994\2\......................... 260,711 127,318 133,393 216,586 106,237 110,349 32,631 15,466 17,165 25,939 13,182 12,757 1995\2\......................... 263,434 128,685 134,749 218,334 107,140 111,195 33,117 15,697 17,420 26,798 13,610 13,188 2000\2\......................... 276,241 135,101 141,140 226,267 111,245 115,022 35,469 16,802 18,667 31,166 15,777 15,388 Percentage composition: 1970........................ 100 48.7 51.3 87.6 42.7 44.9 11.1 5.3 5.8 0 0 0 1975........................ 100 48.7 51.3 86.9 42.4 44.5 11.5 5.4 6.0 0 0 0 1980........................ 100 48.6 51.4 85.9 41.9 44.0 11.8 5.6 6.2 6.5 3.3 3.3 1985........................ 100 48.6 51.4 84.9 41.5 43.5 12.0 5.7 6.3 7.7 3.9 3.8 1990........................ 100 48.8 51.2 83.9 41.0 42.8 12.3 5.8 6.5 9.0 4.6 4.4 1993........................ 100 48.8 51.2 83.3 40.8 42.4 12.5 5.9 6.6 9.7 4.9 4.8 1994........................ 100 48.8 51.2 83.1 40.7 42.3 12.5 5.9 6.6 9.9 5.1 4.9 1995........................ 100 48.8 51.2 82.9 40.7 42.2 12.6 6.0 6.6 10.2 5.2 5.0 2000........................ 100 48.9 51.1 81.9 40.3 41.6 12.8 6.1 6.8 11.3 5.7 5.6 Percentage growth: 1970 to 1980................ 11.4 11.2 11.6 9.2 9.1 9.3 18.0 17.2 18.8 0 0 0 1980 to 1990................ 9.8 10.1 9.4 7.2 7.6 6.8 14.4 14.5 14.3 51.7 54.8 48.6 1990 to 2000................ 10.8 11.1 10.4 8.2 8.7 7.7 15.8 16.0 15.7 38.2 37.3 39.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Hispanic origin date not available for 1970 and 1975. \2\Projected. Note: Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates and Projections, series P-25, No. 917, 1092, 1095, and 1104. TABLE I-5.--IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES: FISCAL YEARS 1820-1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year Number ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1820-1992............................................ 59,795,158 1820............................................. 8,385 1821-30.............................................. 143,439 1821............................................. 9,127 1822............................................. 6,911 1823............................................. 6,354 1824............................................. 7,912 1825............................................. 10,199 1826............................................. 10,837 1827............................................. 18,875 1828............................................. 27,382 1829............................................. 22,520 1830............................................. 23,322 1831-40.............................................. 599,125 1831............................................. 22,633 1832............................................. 60,482 1833............................................. 58,640 1834............................................. 65,365 1835............................................. 45,374 1836............................................. 76,242 1837............................................. 79,340 1838............................................. 38,914 1839............................................. 68,069 1840............................................. 84,066 1841-50.............................................. 1,713,251 1841............................................. 80,289 1842............................................. 104,565 1843............................................. 52,496 1844............................................. 78,615 1845............................................. 114,371 1846............................................. 154,416 1847............................................. 234,968 1848............................................. 226,527 1849............................................. 297,024 1850............................................. 369,980 1851-60.............................................. 2,598,214 1851............................................. 379,466 1852............................................. 371,603 1853............................................. 368,645 1854............................................. 427,833 1855............................................. 200,877 1856............................................. 200,436 1857............................................. 251,306 1848............................................. 123,126 1859............................................. 121,282 1860............................................. 153,640 1861-70.............................................. 2,314,824 1861............................................. 91,918 1862............................................. 91,985 1863............................................. 176,282 1864............................................. 193,418 1865............................................. 248,120 1866............................................. 318,568 1867............................................. 315,722 1868............................................. 138,840 1869............................................. 352,768 1870............................................. 387,203 1871-80.............................................. 2,812,191 1871............................................. 321,350 1872............................................. 404,806 1873............................................. 459,803 1874............................................. 313,339 1875............................................. 227,498 1876............................................. 169,986 1877............................................. 141,857 1878............................................. 138,469 1879............................................. 177,826 1880............................................. 457,257 1881-90.............................................. 5,246,613 1881............................................. 669,431 1882............................................. 788,992 1883............................................. 603,322 1884............................................. 518,592 1885............................................. 395,346 1886............................................. 334,203 1887............................................. 490,109 1888............................................. 546,889 1889............................................. 444,427 1890............................................. 455,302 1891-1900............................................ 3,687,564 1891............................................. 560,319 1892............................................. 579,663 1893............................................. 439,730 1894............................................. 285,631 1895............................................. 258,536 1896............................................. 343,267 1897............................................. 230,832 1898............................................. 229,299 1899............................................. 311,715 1900............................................. 448,572 1901-10.............................................. 8,795,386 1901............................................. 487,918 1902............................................. 648,743 1903............................................. 857,046 1904............................................. 812,870 1905............................................. 1,026,499 1906............................................. 1,100,735 1907............................................. 1,285,349 1908............................................. 782,870 1909............................................. 751,786 1910............................................. 1,041,570 1911-20.............................................. 5,735,811 1911............................................. 878,587 1912............................................. 838,172 1913............................................. 1,197,892 1914............................................. 1,218,480 1915............................................. 326,700 1916............................................. 298,826 1917............................................. 295,403 1918............................................. 110,618 1919............................................. 141,132 1920............................................. 430,001 1921-30.............................................. 4,107,209 1921............................................. 805,228 1922............................................. 309,556 1923............................................. 522,919 1924............................................. 706,896 1925............................................. 294,314 1926............................................. 304,488 1927............................................. 335,175 1928............................................. 307,255 1929............................................. 279,678 1930............................................. 241,700 1931-40.............................................. 528,431 1931............................................. 97,139 1932............................................. 35,576 1933............................................. 23,068 1934............................................. 29,470 1935............................................. 34,956 1936............................................. 36,329 1937............................................. 50,244 1938............................................. 67,895 1939............................................. 82,998 1940............................................. 70,756 1941-50.............................................. 1,035,039 1941............................................. 51,776 1942............................................. 28,781 1943............................................. 23,725 1944............................................. 28,551 1945............................................. 38,119 1946............................................. 108,721 1947............................................. 147,292 1948............................................. 170,570 1949............................................. 188,317 1950............................................. 249,187 1951-60.............................................. 2,515,479 1951............................................. 205,717 1952............................................. 265,520 1953............................................. 170,434 1954............................................. 208,177 1955............................................. 237,790 1956............................................. 321,625 1957............................................. 326,867 1958............................................. 253,265 1959............................................. 260,686 1960............................................. 265,398 1961-70.............................................. 3,321,677 1961............................................. 271,344 1962............................................. 283,763 1963............................................. 306,260 1964............................................. 292,248 1965............................................. 296,697 1966............................................. 323,040 1967............................................. 361,972 1968............................................. 454,448 1969............................................. 358,579 1970............................................. 373,326 1971-80.............................................. 4,493,314 1971............................................. 370,478 1972............................................. 384,685 1973............................................. 400,063 1974............................................. 394,861 1975............................................. 386,194 1976............................................. 398,613 1976, TQ......................................... 103,676 1977............................................. 462,315 1978............................................. 601,442 1979............................................. 460,348 1980............................................. 530,639 1981-90.............................................. 7,338,062 1981............................................. 596,600 1982............................................. 594,131 1983............................................. 559,763 1984............................................. 543,903 1985............................................. 570,009 1986............................................. 601,708 1987............................................. 601,516 1988............................................. 643,025 1989............................................. 1,090,924 1990............................................. 1,536,483 1991-92.............................................. 2,765,144 1991............................................. 1,827,167 1992............................................. 973,977 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: The numbers shown are as follows: from 1820-67, figures represent alien passengers arrived at seaports; from 1868-92 and 1895-97, immigrant aliens arrived; from 1892-94 and 1898-1992, immigrant aliens admitted for permanent residence. From 1892-1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as immigrants. Land arrivals were not completely enumerated until 1908. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Issued October 1993. TABLE I-6.--IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE AND SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION FISCAL YEARS 1985-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and class of admission 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total, all immigrants... 570,009 601,708 601,516 643,025 1,090,924 1,536,483 1,827,167 973,977 New arrivals........ 356,365 376,110 386,995 377,885 402,431 435,729 443,107 511,769 Adjustments......... 213,644 225,598 214,521 265,140 688,493 1,100,754 1,384,060 462,208 Total, IRCA legalization NA NA NA NA 478,814 880,372 1,123,162 163,342 Residents since 1982 NA NA NA NA 478,814 823,704 214,003 46,962 Special Agricultural Workers............ NA NA NA NA NA 56,668 909,159 116,380 Total, non-legalization. 570,009 601,708 601,516 643,025 612,110 656,111 704,005 810,635 Preference immigrants......... 266,703 269,556 269,328 259,499 274,833 272,742 275,613 329,321 Family-sponsored immigrants....... 213,257 212,939 211,809 200,772 217,092 214,550 216,088 213,123 Unmarried sons/ daughters of U.S. citizens\1\.... 9,319 10,910 11,382 12,107 13,259 15,861 15,385 12,486 Spouses of alien residents\1\... 114,997 110,926 110,758 102,777 112,771 107,686 110,126 118,247 Married sons/ daughters of U.S. citizens\2\.... 18,460 20,702 20,703 21,940 26,975 26,751 27,115 22,195 Siblings of U.S. citizens\2\.... 70,481 70,401 68,966 63,948 64,087 64,252 63,462 60,195 Employment.based immigrants\2\\3\. 53,446 56,617 57,519 58,727 57,741 58,192 59,525 116,198 Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens... 204,368 223,468 218,575 219,340 217,514 231,680 237,103 235,484 Spouses........... 129,790 137,597 132,452 130,977 125,744 125,426 125,397 128,396 Children\4\....... 35,592 40,639 40,940 40,863 41,276 46,065 48,130 42,324 Orphans........... 9,286 9,945 10,097 9,120 7,948 7,088 9,008 6,536 Parents........... 38,986 45,232 45,183 47,500 50,494 60,189 63,576 64,764 Refugees and asylees 95,040 104,383 91,840 81,719 84,288 97,364 139,079 117,037 Refugee adjustments...... 90,040 99,383 86,840 76,274 79,143 92,427 116,415 106,379 Asylee adjustments 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,445 5,145 4,937 22,664 10,658 Other immigrants.... 3,898 4,301 21,773 82,467 35,475 54,325 52,210 128,793 Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)......... NA NA NA 319 8,589 13,059 16,010 17,253 Children born abroad to alien residents........ 3,429 3,450 3,174 2,997 2,740 2,410 2,224 2,116 Cuban/Haitian entrants (P.L. 99- 603)............. NA NA 4,634 29,002 2,816 710 213 99 Diversity transition....... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33,911 Legalization dependents....... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 52,272 Nationals of adversely affected countries (P.L. 99-603).......... NA NA 3,037 6,029 7,068 20,371 12,268 1,557 Natives of underrepresented countries (P.L. 100-658)......... NA NA NA NA NA 8,790 9,802 880 Parolees, Soviet Union or Indochina (P.L. 101-267)......... NA NA NA NA NA NA 4,998 13,661 Registered nurses and their families (P.L. 101-238)......... NA NA NA NA NA 2,954 3,069 3,572 Registry, entered prior 1/1/72..... 32 25 8,060 39,999 10,570 4,633 2,282 1,293 Suspension of deportation...... 17 413 2,441 3,772 3,384 889 782 1,013 Other............. 420 413 427 349 308 509 562 1,166 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Excludes children. \2\Includes spouses and children. \3\Includes immigrants issued third preference, sixth preference, and special immigrant visas prior to fiscal year 1992, and immigrants issued employment-based preference visas during fiscal year 1992. \4\Includes orphans. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Issued October 1993. TABLE I-7.--TOTAL IMMIGRANTS FOR TOP TEN COUNTRIES OF BIRTH IN FISCAL YEAR 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Non-legalization IRCA legalization Country of birth -------------------------------------------------------- Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All countries...................................... 973,977 100.0 810,635 100.0 163,342 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------- 1. Mexico.............................................. 213,802 22.0 91,332 11.3 122,470 75.0 2. Vietnam............................................. 77,735 8.0 77,728 9.6 7 (\1\) 3. Philippines......................................... 61,022 6.3 59,179 7.3 1,843 1.1 4. Soviet Union........................................ 43,614 4.5 43,590 5.4 24 (\1\) 5. Dominican Republic.................................. 41,969 4.3 40,840 5.0 1,129 .7 6. China, Mainland..................................... 38,907 4.0 38,735 4.8 172 .1 7. India............................................... 36,755 3.8 34,629 4.3 2,126 1.3 8. El Salvador......................................... 26,191 2.7 21,110 2.6 5,081 3.1 9. Poland.............................................. 25,504 2.6 24,837 3.1 667 .4 10. United Kingdom..................................... 19,973 2.1 19,757 2.4 216 .1 Other.............................................. 388,505 39.9 358,898 44.3 29,607 18.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Rounds to less than 0.05. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Advance Report, Immigration Statistics: Fiscal Year 1992. Issued May 1993. TABLE I-8. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED (NON-LEGALIZATION) FOR TOP FIFTEEN COUNTRIES OF BIRTH IN FISCAL YEARS 1991 AND 1992 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Change Country of birth 1992 1991 ----------------------- Number Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------ All countries..... 810,635 704,005 106,630 13.2 ------------------------------------------------- 1. Mexico............ 91,332 52,866 38,466 42.1 2. Vietnam........... 77,728 55,278 22,450 28.9 3. Philippines....... 59,179 55,376 3,803 6.4 4. Soviet Union...... 43,590 56,839 -13,249 -30.4 5. Dominican Republic 40,840 30,177 10,663 26.1 6. China, Mainland... 38,735 31,699 7,036 18.2 7. India............. 34,629 31,165 3,464 10.0 8. Poland............ 24,837 16,611 8,226 33.1 9. El Salvador....... 21,110 14,872 6,238 29.5 10. United Kingdom.... 19,757 12,807 6.950 35.2 11. Korea............. 18,983 21,628 -2,645 -13.9 12. Jamaica........... 16,820 18,025 -1,205 -7.2 13. Taiwan............ 16.232 12,548 3,684 22.7 14. Canada............ 14,958 12,200 2,758 18.4 15. Iran.............. 12,808 18,019 -5,211 -40.7 Other............. 279,097 263,895 15,202 5.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Advance Report, Immigration Statistics. Fiscal year 1992. Issued May 1993. TABLE I-9.--IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND MAJOR CATEGORY OF ADMISSION IN FISCAL YEAR 1992 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Family- Employment- Refugee and Region and country of birth Total sponsored based Immediate asylee IRCA Legalization Diversity Amerasians Other preferences preferences relatives adjustments legalization dependents transition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All countries\1\............. 973,977 213,123 116,198 235,484 117,037 163,342 52,272 33,911 17,253 25,357 ======================================================================================================================== Africa......................... 27,086 3,749 4,967 10,630 4,480 2,260 332 322 .......... 346 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Egypt...................... 3,576 879 662 1,694 18 179 18 11 .......... 115 Ethiopia................... 4,602 210 110 806 3,268 191 4 3 .......... 10 Ghana...................... 1,867 356 201 719 1 73 ............ 17 .......... 8 Nigeria.................... 4,551 513 843 2,322 9 668 120 6 .......... 70 South Africa............... 2,516 151 1,657 570 33 31 5 45 .......... 24 Other Africa............... 9,974 1,640 1,494 4,519 1,136 771 41 254 .......... 119 ======================================================================================================================== Asia........................... 356,955 87,575 63,107 102,414 53,422 8,402 5,271 6,724 17,253 12,787 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Afghanistan................ 2,685 183 35 292 2,082 75 2 3 .......... 13 Bangladesh................. 3,740 1,258 134 923 10 588 71 5 .......... 377 Cambodia................... 2,573 134 20 430 1,695 4 ............ 1 46 243 China, Mainland............ 38,907 12,198 11,058 11,443 884 172 2,764 75 14 299 Hong Kong.................. 10,452 5,705 2,800 1,249 193 43 140 58 1 263 India...................... 36,755 14,468 9,686 9,796 34 2,126 352 34 .......... 259 Indonesia.................. 2,916 224 438 387 13 24 27 1,497 .......... 306 Iran....................... 13,233 1,682 2,434 4,582 3,093 425 76 10 .......... 931 Iraq....................... 4,111 2,149 188 1,332 365 41 1 6 .......... 29 Israel..................... 5,104 441 2,599 1,856 10 97 11 44 .......... 46 Japan...................... 11,028 288 3,203 2,550 5 53 26 4,839 .......... 64 Jordan..................... 4,036 1,168 262 2,491 15 57 ............ 2 .......... 41 Korea...................... 19,359 6,270 4,712 7,559 ........... 376 264 26 3 149 Laos....................... 8,696 136 7 508 8,026 6 ............ .......... 1 12 Lebanon.................... 5,838 1,522 1,162 2,289 140 490 8 10 .......... 217 Malaysia................... 2,235 282 1,143 650 88 22 16 12 .......... 22 Pakistan................... 10,214 4,331 1,243 2,714 129 1,229 328 6 .......... 234 Philippines................ 61,022 14,435 9,708 30,572 221 1,843 677 15 4 3,547 Syria...................... 2,940 541 415 1,230 2 11 ............ 6 .......... 406 Taiwan..................... 16,344 4,610 8,368 2,812 10 112 345 32 .......... 55 Thailand................... 7,090 856 450 1,355 4,048 177 130 5 3 66 Turkey..................... 2,488 230 750 1,144 16 71 20 6 .......... 251 Vietnam.................... 77,735 12,133 142 11,306 32,155 7 1 6 17,181 4,804 Yemen...................... 2,056 796 15 1,218 5 16 ............ 2 .......... 4 Other Asia................. 5,398 1,535 1,767 1,726 89 98 8 26 .......... 149 ======================================================================================================================== Europe......................... 145,392 11,769 19,791 33,808 42,721 1,663 1,925 25,401 .......... 8,314 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ France..................... 3,288 158 1,128 1,400 13 44 6 488 .......... 51 Germany.................... 9,888 302 1,552 7,315 94 62 11 460 .......... 92 Greece..................... 1,858 215 305 932 28 68 11 7 .......... 292 Ireland.................... 12,226 180 712 908 2 59 6 10,066 .......... 293 Italy...................... 2,592 207 583 1,286 105 42 24 314 .......... 31 Netherlands................ 1,586 101 662 650 2 24 7 119 .......... 21 Poland..................... 25,504 7,054 1,575 3,174 1,512 667 1,552 9,383 .......... 587 Portugal................... 2,748 700 998 660 ........... 225 140 .......... .......... 25 Romania.................... 6,500 216 273 991 4,971 8 1 7 .......... 33 Soviet Union, former....... 43,614 220 572 2,796 33,504 24 10 35 .......... 6,453 Armenia.................. 6,145 5 17 101 479 ............ ............ .......... .......... 5,543 Azerbaijan............... 1,640 5 14 30 1,551 ............ ............ .......... .......... 40 Belarus.................. 3,233 11 9 185 3,008 ............ 2 1 .......... 17 Moldova.................. 1,705 11 31 66 1,588 ............ ............ .......... .......... 9 Russia................... 8,857 78 280 1,175 7,122 ............ 1 12 .......... 189 Ukraine.................. 14,383 45 101 670 13,347 ............ 1 11 .......... 208 Uzbekistan............... 1,712 13 44 64 1,550 ............ ............ .......... .......... 41 Other republics.......... 1,286 8 37 99 1,035 ............ ............ 1 .......... 106 Unknown republic......... 4,653 44 39 406 3,824 24 6 10 .......... 300 Spain...................... 1,631 100 434 876 50 71 68 17 .......... 15 United Kingdom............. 19,973 1,322 7,572 7,358 7 216 14 3,261 .......... 223 Yugoslavia................. 2,604 482 619 1,267 58 94 65 5 .......... 14 Other Europe............... 11,380 512 2,806 4,195 2,375 59 10 1,239 .......... 184 ======================================================================================================================== North America.................. 384,047 93,147 19,029 66,819 15,962 145,495 39,870 253 .......... 3,472 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Canada..................... 15,205 1,545 6,304 6,172 5 247 58 186 .......... 688 Mexico..................... 213,802 33,361 3,226 24,440 29 122,470 28,449 23 .......... 1,804 ======================================================================================================================== Caribbean...................... 97,413 42,636 3,945 25,422 9,969 12,873 2,013 25 .......... 530 Cuba....................... 11,791 1,261 22 471 9,919 37 3 1 .......... 77 Dominican Republic......... 41,969 26,463 298 13,077 27 1,129 826 4 .......... 145 Haiti...................... 11,002 680 78 1,422 16 8,591 141 1 .......... 73 Jamaica.................... 18,915 8,996 1,482 5,446 1 2,095 792 3 .......... 100 Trinidad & Tobago.......... 7,008 2,364 1,427 2,690 ........... 409 54 1 .......... 63 Other Caribbean............ 6,728 2,872 638 2,316 6 612 197 15 .......... 72 ======================================================================================================================== Central America................ 57,558 15,593 5,545 10,749 5,959 9,904 9,350 12 .......... 446 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ El Salvador................ 26,191 6,735 2,978 2,449 743 5,081 8,135 1 .......... 69 Guatemala.................. 10,521 3,827 1,285 1,928 169 3,081 181 1 .......... 49 Honduras................... 6,552 2,346 389 2,342 105 852 492 4 .......... 22 Nicaragua.................. 8,949 1,441 369 1,407 4,668 472 345 .......... .......... 247 Panama..................... 2,845 555 287 1,600 243 103 33 2 .......... 22 Other Central America...... 2,500 689 237 1,023 31 315 164 4 .......... 37 Other North America........ 69 12 9 36 ........... 1 ............ 7 .......... 4 ======================================================================================================================== Oceania........................ 5,169 750 1,346 2,262 9 684 22 40 .......... 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Australia.................. 2,238 72 883 1,205 ........... 19 1 27 .......... 31 Other Oceania.............. 2,931 678 463 1,057 9 665 21 13 .......... 25 ======================================================================================================================== South America.................. 55,308 16,133 7,957 19,551 442 4,820 4,852 1,171 .......... 382 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Argentina.................. 3,877 375 1,148 932 15 203 88 1,062 .......... 54 Bolivia.................... 1,510 300 397 543 3 154 82 4 .......... 27 Brazil..................... 4,755 394 1,154 2,190 7 927 15 28 .......... 40 Chile...................... 1,937 407 382 873 16 144 87 9 .......... 19 Colombia................... 13,201 3,667 1,273 4,956 74 1,357 1,784 8 .......... 82 Ecuador.................... 7,286 2,543 794 1,940 6 500 1,443 1 .......... 59 Guyana..................... 9,064 5,319 681 2,512 ........... 317 216 7 .......... 12 Peru....................... 9,868 2,544 1,244 3,914 74 984 1,039 21 .......... 48 Venezuela.................. 2,340 338 584 1,032 220 114 13 14 .......... 25 Other South America........ 1,470 246 300 659 27 120 85 17 .......... 16 Unknown or not reported........ 20 ........... 1 ......... 1 18 ............ .......... .......... ....... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Only countries with more than 1,500 immigrants are listed. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Advance Report, Immigration Statistics: Fiscal Year 1992. Issued May 1993. TABLE I-10.--IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED FOR TOP TWENTY METROPOLITAN AREAS OF INTENDED RESIDENCE IN FISCAL YEAR 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Non-legalization IRCA legalization Metropolitan area of intended residence\1\ -------------------------------------------------------- Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.............................................. 973,977 100.0 810,635 100.0 163,342 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------- 1. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA......................... 129,266 13.3 92,806 11.4 36,460 22.3 2. New York, NY....................................... 127,875 13.1 120,600 14.9 7,275 4.5 3. Chicago, IL........................................ 37,236 3.8 34,719 4.3 2,517 1.5 4. Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA................................................ 34,417 3.5 26,120 3.2 8,297 5.1 5. Miami-Hialeah, FL.................................. 31,627 3.2 25,774 3.2 5,853 3.6 6. Washington, DC-MD- VA................................................ 27,387 2.8 26,588 3.3 799 .5 7. Houston, TX........................................ 27,067 2.8 21,236 2.6 5,831 3.6 8. San Jose, CA....................................... 23,537 2.4 21,046 2.6 2,491 1.5 9. San Francisco, CA.................................. 21,276 2.2 19,033 2.3 2,243 1.4 10. San Diego, CA...................................... 20,936 2.1 13,394 1.7 7,542 4.6 11. Boston, MA\2\...................................... 18,259 1.9 16,927 2.1 1,332 .8 12. Oakland, CA........................................ 17,187 1.8 14,590 1.8 2,597 1.6 13. Riverside-San Bernardino, CA.................................... 16,535 1.7 9,089 1.1 7,446 4.6 14. Newark, NJ......................................... 13,734 1.4 12,828 1.6 906 .6 15. Bergen-Passaic, NJ................................. 12,405 1.3 12,069 1.5 336 .2 16. Dallas, TX......................................... 12,312 1.3 9,082 1.1 3,230 2.0 17. Philadelphia, PA-NJ................................ 11,882 1.2 11,649 1.4 233 .1 18. Nassau-Suffolk, NY................................. 11,415 1.2 10,820 1.3 595 .4 19. Seattle, WA........................................ 9,855 1.0 9,660 1.2 195 .1 20. Sacramento, CA..................................... 9,564 1.0 8,286 1.0 1,278 .8 Other MSAs\1\..................................... 290,200 29.8 241,367 29.8 48,833 29.9 Non-MSA\1\........................................ 69,594 7.1 52,630 6.5 16,964 10.4 Unknown........................................... 411 (\3\) 322 (\3\) 89 .1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Metropolitan statistical areas defined by the Office of Federal Statistical Policy, Office of Management and Budget. \2\Includes Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, and Suffolk counties. \3\Rounds to less than 0.05. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Advance Report, Immigration Statistics: Fiscal year 1992. Issued May 1993. TABLE I-11.--NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class of admission 1981 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All classes\1\....... 11,756,903 9,539,880 14,591,735 16,144,576 17,574,055 18,962,520 20,793,847 Foreign government officials and families............ 84,710 90,190 98,927 101,557 96,689 97,811 102,645 Ambassador, public minister, career diplomatic or consular officer (A1)............ NA 21,168 22,182 22,165 22,018 22,750 23,533 Other foreign government official or employee (A2)... NA 67,084 74,723 77,491 72,511 72,926 77,087 Attendant, servant, or personal employee of A1 and A2 classes (A3)............ NA 1,938 2,022 1,901 2,160 2,135 2,025 Temporary visitors... 10,650,592 8,405,409 13,196,729 14,667,303 16,079,666 17,385,990 19,238,240 For business (B1) 1,135,422 1,796,819 2,375,565 2,552,719 2,661,338 2,652,202 2,788,141 Visa Waiver, business...... NA NA 3,854 99,665 294,065 370,138 527,932 For pleasure (B2) 9,515,170 6,608,590 10,821,164 12,114,584 13,418,328 14,733,788 16,450,099 Visa Waiver, pleasure...... NA NA 55,904 2,348,959 4,528,112 5,599,266 7,981,880 Transit aliens....... 214,218 236,537 299,138 293,364 306,156 364,187 345,610 Alien in transit (C1)............ NA 138,957 153,811 152,623 153,801 174,426 168,053 Alien in transit to the U.N. (C2) NA 1,804 1,381 874 1,296 992 1,055 Foreign government official and family in transit (C3).... NA 7,010 6,612 6,047 6,190 6,604 7,576 Transit without visa (C4)....... NA 88,766 137,334 133,820 144,869 182,165 168,926 Treaty traders and investors and families............ 80,802 96,489 125,555 139,949 147,536 155,014 152,416 Treaty trader (E1)............ NA 65,406 75,785 78,524 78,658 76,948 71,817 Treaty investor (E2)............ NA 31,083 49,770 61,425 68,878 78,066 80,599 Students............. 240,805 257,069 312,363 334,402 326,264 282,077 241,093 Academic student (F1)............ NA 251,234 305,868 327,581 319,467 276,553 237,077 Vocational student (M1).... NA 5,835 6,495 6,821 6,797 5,524 4,016 Spouses and children of students......... 31,056 28,427 25,540 26,369 28,943 32,315 33,431 Academic student (F2)............ NA 27,747 25,062 25,952 28,490 31,622 32,812 Vocational student (M2).... NA 680 478 417 453 693 619 Representatives (and families) to international organizations....... 54,223 57,203 58,947 61,406 61,449 64,470 69,985 Principal of recognized foreign government (G1). NA 8,316 8,401 8,664 8,256 8,194 8,472 Other rep. of recognized foreign government (G2). NA 6,989 8,101 8,260 8,110 7,277 8,909 Rep. of nonrecognized foreign government (G3). NA 271 360 444 376 466 412 International organization officer or employee (G4)... NA 40,397 40,593 42,538 43,104 46,896 50,670 Attendant, servant or personal employee of rep. (G5)............ NA 1,230 1,492 1,500 1,603 1,637 1,522 Temporary workers and trainees\2\. 44,770 74,869 113,424 138,703 139,587 161,291 163,137 Registered nurses (H1A)\3\........ NA NA NA NA NA 1,309 7,147 Specialty occupations (H1B)\4\........ NA NA NA NA NA 116,729 110,193 Performing services unavailable in the U.S. (H2)... NA 24,544 32,966 46,570 35,973 39,972 34,414 Agricultural workers (H2A). NA NA 10,851 30,189 18,219 18,487 16,385 Nonagricultural workers (H2B). NA NA 22,115 16,381 17,754 21,485 18,029 Industrial trainee (H3).... NA 3,003 2,527 2,277 3,168 3,281 3,355 Workers with extraordinary ability/achievem ent (O1)\5\..... NA NA NA NA NA NA 448 Workers accompanying and assisting in performance of 01 workers (O2)\5\......... NA NA NA NA NA NA 252 Internationally recognized athletes or entertainers (P1)\5\......... NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,523 Artists or entertainers in reciprocal exchange programs (P2)\5\ NA NA NA NA NA NA 89 Artists or entertainers in culturally unique programs (P3)\5\......... NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,126 Workers in international cultural exchange programs (Q1)\5\ NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 Workers in religious occupations (R1)\5\......... NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,583 Spouses and children of temporary workers and trainees........ 10,110 12,632 19,673 23,807 28,687 34,418 39,921 Spouses and children of H1, h5, and H3 workers (H4).... 10,110 12,632 19,673 23,807 28,687 34,418 39,080 Spouses and children of O1 and O2 workers (O3)\5\......... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Spouses and children of P1, P2, and P3 workers (P4)\5\. NA NA NA NA NA NA 144 Spouses and children of R1 workers (R2)\5\. NA NA NA NA NA NA 697 Representatives (and families) of foreign information media (I1)................ 16,708 16,753 21,461 21,349 20,252 21,101 21,746 Exchange visitors (J1)................ 80,230 110,942 166,659 178,199 174,247 182,940 189,919 Spouses and children of exchange visitors (J2)................ 27,793 30,271 36,267 39,259 40,397 41,217 42,031 Fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens (K1)....... 5,456 6,975 5,927 5,856 6,545 7,470 7,794 Children of fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens (K2)....... 742 832 688 625 673 754 775 Intracompany transferees (L1).... 38,595 65,349 63,849 62,390 63,180 70,357 75,347 Spouses and children of intracompany transferees (L2).... 26,449 41,533 37,846 38,335 39,375 42,541 45,501 NATO officials and families (N1-7)..... 7,124 8,323 8,545 8,783 8,333 8,695 8,888 U.S.-Canada Free- Trade Agreement (TC)\6\............. NA NA NA 2,677 5,293 8,344 12,675 Spouses and children of U.S.-Canada Free- Trade Agreement (TC)\6\............. NA NA NA 140 594 804 1,283 Unknown.............. 142,520 77 197 103 189 724 1,410 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Excludes classes of admission processed as nonimmigrants in the following years: for all countries--1985-- 64,487 parolees (R1-3), 3,239 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 68,044 refugees (RF); 1988--94,918 parolees (R1-3), 17,060 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 80,382 refugees (RF); 1989--106,857 parolees (R1-3), 20,605 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 101,072 refugees (RF); 1990--90,265 parolees (R1-3), 19,984 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 110,197 refugees (RF); 1991--127,146 parolees (R1-3), 26,059 withdrawals (R-4) and stowaways (R5), and 100,229 refugees (RF); 1992--137,478 parolees, 25,839 withdrawals (WD) and stowaways (ST), and 123,010 refugees (RE). \2\Excludes entries under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement (shown separately). \3\Entries began October 1, 1990 (fiscal year 1991). Data for fiscal year 1991 are underreported; an unknown number of H1A entries were counted as H1B entries. \4\Prior to October 1, 1991 (fiscal year 1992), H1B entries were termed ``Distinguished merit or ability.'' Data for fiscal year 1991 are overreported; an unknown number of H1A entries were counted as H1B entries. \5\Entries began in April 1992. \6\Entries under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement began in January 1989. Note: ``Family,'' ``immediate family,'' and ``spouse and children'' are defined as spouse and unmarried minor (for dependent) children. TABLE I-12.--MEDIAN MONEY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS BY STATE, 1984-92 [In 1992 dollars] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State 1984 1985 1986 1987\1\ 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama............... $22,691 $23,206 $23,775 $23,660 $22,966 $23,378 $25,073 $25,079 $25,891 Alaska................ 42,415 44,027 38,966 39,844 38,112 39,549 42,184 41,835 41,969 Arizona............... 28,085 30,223 31,689 32,071 30,435 31,361 31,371 31,662 29,593 Arkansas.............. 20,547 22,089 23,276 22,572 23,224 23,542 24,460 24,140 23,893 California............ 33,148 34,153 36,051 36,143 34,870 36,257 35,735 34,677 35,173 Colorado.............. 33,822 35,673 33,791 31,743 30,180 29,443 32,990 32,447 32,716 Connecticut........... 39,262 39,354 40,662 39,400 41,692 46,485 41,725 43,423 41,059 Delaware.............. 33,845 29,088 31,845 35,062 35,121 35,223 33,067 33,566 35,739 District of Columbia.. 26,752 26,678 30,225 32,917 30,787 29,384 29,404 30,785 30,357 Florida............... 25,936 27,016 28,394 29,361 29,250 28,651 28,645 28,072 27,456 Georgia............... 26,197 26,644 30,285 32,029 30,586 30,252 29,585 28,031 28,889 Hawaii................ 37,854 36,659 36,042 41,989 38,021 38,482 41,780 38,367 42,171 Idaho................. 27,649 26,279 25,785 24,884 26,998 27,080 27,164 26,902 27,784 Illinois.............. 31,136 31,480 32,945 32,472 33,991 34,380 34,932 32,844 31,707 Indiana............... 29,849 28,702 28,244 26,999 30,271 28,446 28,906 27,904 28,663 Iowa.................. 26,038 26,489 27,910 26,605 27,983 28,849 29,292 29,413 28,880 Kansas................ 32,286 28,845 29,733 30,673 29,434 29,505 32,114 30,177 30,447 Kentucky.............. 23,176 21,976 24,697 24,786 22,919 25,574 26,600 24,479 23,567 Louisiana............. 24,840 26,808 25,960 25,596 23,598 25,110 24,051 26,061 25,479 Maine................. 27,067 25,973 29,109 28,295 30,397 30,998 29,481 28,707 29,705 Maryland.............. 38,943 38,146 38,032 41,927 42,083 39,560 41,711 38,064 37,287 Massachusetts......... 35,340 35,704 37,702 38,655 38,238 39,636 38,909 36,789 36,558 Michigan.............. 30,104 30,685 33,062 33,213 33,931 33,803 32,136 33,084 32,347 Minnesota............. 32,033 30,197 32,861 33,669 33,488 33,155 33,776 30,366 31,077 Mississippi........... 20,227 20,776 20,521 22,196 20,915 21,877 21,660 20,061 20,585 Missouri.............. 27,233 27,770 27,246 28,439 26,990 29,104 29,340 28,767 27,490 Montana............... 25,609 25,615 25,262 24,547 25,595 26,023 25,092 25,574 26,602 Nebraska.............. 28,049 27,593 27,056 27,897 28,966 28,908 29,501 30,439 30,177 Nevada................ 33,789 29,460 32,580 32,225 32,217 32,227 34,375 33,929 32,026 New Hampshire......... 33,970 33,421 37,962 38,771 39,864 41,225 43,802 37,117 39,644 New Jersey............ 36,411 39,214 39,412 41,053 41,778 42,969 41,579 41,255 39,227 New Mexico............ 27,043 25,851 24,661 24,888 22,216 24,826 26,878 27,339 26,158 New York.............. 28,875 29,922 31,099 31,633 33,290 34,595 33,911 32,751 31,254 North Carolina........ 26,963 27,153 27,167 27,288 28,109 29,004 28,263 27,661 27,835 North Dakota.......... 27,228 26,841 26,728 27,067 27,737 27,711 27,120 26,671 27,105 Ohio.................. 30,311 31,865 31,210 30,900 31,937 31,876 32,217 30,687 31,479 Oklahoma.............. 27,722 26,841 26,032 26,006 27,248 25,996 26,175 26,228 25,363 Oregon................ 28,051 27,713 30,785 30,019 31,947 31,336 31,432 31,099 32,114 Pennsylvania.......... 26,671 28,958 29,585 30,482 30,788 31,513 31,135 31,281 29,985 Rhode Island.......... 28,331 31,170 32,981 33,920 34,357 33,088 34,316 31,764 30,636 South Carolina........ 26,623 25,362 27,300 30,032 29,396 26,139 30,846 28,290 27,667 South Dakota.......... 25,443 22,964 24,727 25,359 25,667 26,480 26,376 25,381 26,351 Tennessee............. 21,999 22,503 22,687 25,392 24,012 24,836 24,251 25,189 24,339 Texas................. 30,182 30,054 30,026 29,639 28,740 28,433 30,301 28,568 28,282 Utah.................. 30,225 31,946 32,659 31,807 30,294 33,739 32,356 28,859 34,433 Vermont............... 29,597 32,911 30,569 30,471 33,374 34,374 33,382 30,033 32,829 Virginia.............. 34,771 35,985 36,927 35,963 37,588 37,475 37,649 37,225 38,223 Washington............ 32,794 30,379 33,405 32,754 37,218 35,106 34,471 34,993 34,064 West Virginia......... 22,079 20,231 20,460 20,630 22,281 23,810 23,763 23,844 20,301 Wisconsin............. 27,191 29,425 32,845 31,615 34,050 31,988 32,967 32,070 33,415 Wyoming............... 31,220 27,950 29,277 33,079 30,416 32,425 31,624 29,924 30,379 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Note: Dollars are adjusted for inflation using CPI-V-X1. Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 184, October 1993. TABLE I-13.--STATE NOMINAL AND REAL ANNUAL BUDGET INCREASES, FISCAL 1979 TO FISCAL 1995 [In percent] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ State general fund ------------------------- Fiscal year Nominal Real increase increase ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1995.......................................... 3.1 -0.4 1994.......................................... 5.1 1.6 1993.......................................... 3.3 -0.2 1992.......................................... 5.1 1.5 1991.......................................... 4.5 -0.1 1990.......................................... 6.4 1.7 1989.......................................... 8.7 3.5 1988.......................................... 7.0 2.9 1987.......................................... 6.3 2.6 1986.......................................... 8.9 3.7 1985.......................................... 10.2 4.6 1984.......................................... 8.0 3.3 1983.......................................... -0.7 -6.3 1982.......................................... 6.4 -1.1 1981.......................................... 16.3 6.1 1980.......................................... 10.0 -0.6 1979.......................................... 10.1 1.5 ------------------------- 1979-1995 average............................. 7.0 1.4 1980-1990 average............................. 8.0 1.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: The state and local government implicit price deflator was used for state expenditures in determining real changes. Figures for fiscal 1994 and fiscal 1995 are estimates. Source: The fiscal survey of states, National Governors' Association, National Association of State Budget Officers, April 1994. TABLE I-14.--RECOMMENDED FISCAL 1995 REVENUE ACTIONS BY TYPE OF REVENUE AND NET INCREASE OR DECREASE [In millions of dollars] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Personal Corporate Cigarettes/ Motor Other State Sales income income Tobacco fuels Alcohol taxes Fees Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama.................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... $0.0 Alaska..................................... .......... .......... .......... $9.0 $82.2 $6.0 $21.9 $1.0 120.1 Arizona.................................... .......... -$100.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -100.0 Arkansas................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 California................................. .......... -95.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -95.0 Colorado................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Connecticut................................ .......... -10.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... 12.0 2.0 Delaware................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Florida.................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... 33.7 33.7 Georgia.................................... -$40.0 -140.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -180.0 Hawaii..................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... 2.0 4.3 6.3 Idaho...................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Illinois................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Indiana.................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Iowa....................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Kansas..................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Kentucky................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Louisiana.................................. .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Maine...................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Maryland................................... .......... .......... .......... 70.0 .......... .......... .......... 8.6 78.6 Massachusetts.............................. .......... -105.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -105.0 Michigan\1\................................ 1,883.0 -255.0 .......... 343.0 .......... .......... 1,173.5 .......... 3,144.5 Minnesota.................................. .......... -11.3 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... -5.4 -16.7 Mississippi................................ .......... -71.5 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -71.5 Missouri................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... 20.0 5.0 25.0 Montana.................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... 40.0 .......... 27.7 2.4 70.1 Nebraska................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... -3.8 .......... -3.8 Nevada..................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 New Hampshire.............................. .......... .......... -$14.0 ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -14.0 New Jersey................................. .......... -549.0 -40.0 ........... .......... .......... .......... 64.0 -525.0 New Mexico................................. .......... -18.0 .......... ........... -40.2 .......... .......... .......... -58.2 New York................................... -12.0 -65.0 -78.0 ........... .......... .......... -38.0 10.8 -182.2 North Carolina............................. .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 North Dakota............................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Ohio....................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... 5.0 5.0 Oklahoma................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... 12.4 12.4 Oregon..................................... .......... 3.7 -2.6 29.3 .......... 4.2 6.1 .......... 40.7 Pennsylvania............................... .......... -52.0 -72.7 ........... .......... .......... -2.0 .......... -126.7 Puerto Rico................................ .......... .......... .......... 7.0 .......... .......... .......... .......... 7.0 Rhode Island............................... .......... .......... .......... 5.5 .......... .......... -1.7 71.4 75.2 South Carolina............................. .......... -9.0 .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -9.0 South Dakota............................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Tennessee.................................. .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Texas...................................... -191.0 .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -191.0 Utah....................................... 4.1 .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4.1 Vermont.................................... .......... -45.1 .......... ........... .......... .......... -8.8 .......... -53.9 Virginia................................... -11.4 -32.4 -15.9 ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... -59.7 Washington................................. -12.6 .......... -9.3 ........... .......... .......... .......... 2.4 -19.5 West Virginia.............................. .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 Wisconsin.................................. .......... .......... 4.8 ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 4.8 Wyoming.................................... .......... .......... .......... ........... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total................................ 1,620.1 -1,554.6 -227.7 463.8 82.0 10.2 1,196.9 227.6 1,818.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\In Michigan tax increases are accompanied by a decrease in local property taxes for elementary and secondary education. The net result is a $660 million decrease in combined state and local taxes in fiscal 1995. Source: The fiscal survey of States, National Governors' Association, National Association of State Budget Officers, April 1994. TABLE I-15.--FISCAL 1995 STATE GENERAL FUND, RECOMMENDED [In millions of dollars] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Budget Region/State Beginning Revenues Resources Expenditures Ending stabilization balance balance fund ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- New England: Connecticut*............... $0 $8,248 $8,248 $8,246 $2 $0 Maine...................... 3 1,627 1,630 1,627 3 0 Massachusetts.............. 14 12,734 12,748 12,700 48 325 New Hampshire.............. 29 892 921 919 2 20 Rhode Island............... 0 1,577 1,577 1,576 2 44 Vermont.................... 0 684 684 683 0 8 Mid-Atlantic: Delaware*.................. 285 1,444 1,729 1,493 236 (*) Maryland................... 19 6,948 6,968 6,967 1 220 New Jersey*................ 1,013 14,448 15,461 15,010 451 (*) New York*.................. 0 33,422 33,422 33,422 0 157 Pennsylvania*.............. 267 15,400 15,667 15,665 2 160 Great Lakes: Illinois................... 200 13,489 13,689 13,489 200 0 Indiana*................... 0 6,705 6,705 6,595 110 297 Michigan................... 0 8,096 8,096 8,096 0 408 Ohio*...................... 315 11,917 12,232 12,122 110 36 Wisconsin*................. 235 7,822 8,058 7,956 102 (*) Plains: Iowa*...................... 0 3,696 3,696 3,665 30 (*) Kansas*.................... 329 3,221 3,549 3,297 253 25 Minnesota*................. 777 8,435 9,212 8,532 680 (*) Missouri................... 157 5,138 5,295 5,245 50 23 Nebraska................... 110 1,725 1,835 1,721 114 32 North Dakota*.............. 21 626 657 641 16 0 South Dakota*.............. 0 605 605 605 0 22 Southeast: Alabama.................... 119 3,908 4,027 4,026 1 0 Arkansas................... 0 2,363 2,363 2,363 0 0 Florida.................... 0 14,007 14,007 14,007 0 315 Georgia.................... 0 9,396 9,396 9,396 0 123 Kentucky................... 0 5,001 5,001 4,995 6 130 Louisiana.................. 0 4,740 4,740 4,740 0 0 Mississippi*............... 119 2,346 2,464 2,302 162 160 North Carolina*............ 596 9,530 10,126 9,246 880 141 South Carolina*............ 159 3,965 4,124 3,900 224 (*) Tennessee*................. 164 4,928 5,092 4,967 125 (*) Virginia*.................. 193 7,179 7,372 7,371 1 (*) West Virginia.............. 41 2,217 2,257 2,247 11 0 Southwest: Arizona.................... 192 4,073 4,265 4,235 30 0 New Mexico*................ 154 2,609 2,763 2,609 154 (*) Oklahoma................... 128 3,472 3,600 3,377 223 46 Texas*..................... -339 20,302 19,964 19,918 46 20 Rocky Mountain: Colorado*.................. 320 3,661 3,981 3,737 244 (*) Idaho...................... 28 1,258 1,286 1,286 0 36 Montana*................... 27 619 642 622 24 NA Utah....................... 13 2,254 2,267 2,267 0 62 Wyoming.................... 22 427 449 438 11 0 Far West: Alaska..................... 0 2,515 2,515 2,515 0 205 California*................ -693 39,929 39,236 38,788 488 (*) Hawaii..................... 325 3,064 3,389 3,212 177 0 Nevada..................... 66 1,098 1,164 1,104 61 0 Oregon..................... 315 3,211 3,526 3,271 255 0 Washington*................ -32 8,269 8,238 7,946 291 125 Territories: Puerto Rico................ 75 4,770 4,845 4,845 0 71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.................... 5,691 335,240 340,938 335,157 5,826 3,140 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes to Table I-15.--For all states, unless otherwise noted, transfers into budget stabilization funds are counted as expenditures and transfers from budget stabilization funds are counted as revenues. California--Beginning balance and revenues include an off-budget eighteen-month payoff of prior year deficit. Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $55 million and a $393 million reserve for liquidation. Colorado--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $170.7 million. Connecticut--Figures include federal reimbursements, such as Medicaid. Delaware--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $78.3 million. Figures include federal reimbursements for Medicaid. Indiana--Figures include property tax replacement fund, but do not include balance of the general fund tuition reserve, which will be $180 million in fiscal 1995. The impact of the Governor's deficit reduction plan and Medicaid reforms will reduce projected fiscal 1995 expenditures by $254.5 million. Iowa--The ending balance, by law, is transferred to the cash reserve fund and, to the extent the balance in the cash reserve exceeds the required amount, the excess is transferred to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) deficit retirement account. The budget stabilization fund includes balances in cash reserve and economic emergency at the end of the year and is currently $78.8 million. Kansas--The budget stabilization fund includes $50 million that is recommended to be transferred to social services to offset reductions in disproportionate share funds. Minnesota--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $500 million. The recommendation also includes creating a $180 million school aid reserve account dedicated to future funding for elementary and secondary education. Any future forecast improvement would be added to this account, up to a total of $300 million. Mississippi--Fifty percent of the unencumbered ending balance, not to exceed 7.5 percent of current year appropriations, is transferred to a budget stabilization fund. Montana--Figures include changes in earmarking of taxes for a school equalization increase of $125 million in expenditures and $134 million in revenues. These amounts had not been recorded in the general fund in previous years. New Jersey--Reflects both the general fund and the Property Tax Relief Fund. Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $147.8 million. New Mexico--Revenues are adjusted for $58.2 million in executive-proposed recurring tax cuts. Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $154 million. New York--The state ended fiscal 1993 with a general fund surplus of $671 million and is estimated to end fiscal 1994 with a $299 million surplus. Because any general fund surplus is automatically deposited to the state's Tax Stabilization Reserve Fund (which can be used only in the case of a deficit), the state chose instead to deposit the excess monies into the personal income tax refund reserve account. As a result, tax revenues in fiscal 1993 were reduced by $671 million; projected tax revenues in fiscal 1994 were artificially inflated by $671 million as well as reduced by $299 million; and projected tax revenues in fiscal 1995 were artificially inflated by $299 million. Additionally, the estimated fiscal 1994 disbursements include $314 million to be transferred from the general fund to the contingency reserve fund. These monies are projected to be disbursed from the contingency reserve fund in fiscal 1995 for litigation expenses. North Carolina--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $140.5 million and a reserve for repairs and renovations of $60 million. Neither the budget stabilization fund nor the reserve for repairs and renovations has been adjusted to include any increases from the ending balance as of June 30, 1994. The fiscal 1995 expenditures reflect budget adjustments for the 1994 Special Session on Crime. North Dakota--The beginning and ending balances represent the unobligated cash balance. Revenues include obligated cash carried forward from the prior year. Expenditures include obligations against cash and transfers out of the general fund. Ohio--Fiscal 1995 figures are per the state's enacted biennial budget and not recommended figures. Fiscal 1995 expenditures include a planned transfer of $15 million to the rainy day fund. State law requires any amount in excess of $70 million at the end of fiscal 1995 to be transferred into the rainy day fund at the beginning of fiscal 1996. Pennsylvania--Expenditures include a transfer to the rainy day fund, which will occur in the subsequent year. South Carolina--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $110.1 million. South Dakota--The beginning and ending balances represent the unobligated cash balance. Revenues includes obligated cash carried forward from the prior year. Expenditures include obligations against cash and transfers out of the general fund. Tennessee--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $125.0 million. Texas--Expenditures include a transfer of $31 million to the rainy day fund. (Texas is on a biennial budget. The general fund closes with a positive balance in odd-numbered years.) Virginia--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $79.9 million and is appropriated in fiscal 1995. Washington--Revenues include transfers to and from the state budget stabilization account. Wisconsin--Ending balance includes a budget stabilization fund of $78.8 million. Note: NA indicates data are not available. Source: The fiscal survey of States, National Governors' Association, National Association of State Budget Officers, April 1994. TABLE 1-16.--NOMINAL PERCENTAGE EXPENDITURE CHANGE, FISCAL 1994 AND FISCAL 1995 [In percent] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fiscal year-- Region/State ------------------------------------- 1994 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ New England: Connecticut................... 3.6 6.7 Maine......................... -1.2 2.7 Massachusetts................. 5.8 3.7 New Hampshire*................ 11.7 4.7 Rhode Island.................. -4.4 1.0 Vermont....................... 1.6 4.6 Mid-Atlantic: Delaware...................... 8.3 9.5 Maryland...................... 3.0 6.0 New Jersey.................... 5.9 -0.8 New York...................... 5.4 2.6 Pennsylvania.................. 7.2 4.7 Great Lakes: Illinois...................... 6.0 5.5 Indiana....................... 5.6 -1.0 Michigan...................... 1.9 2.5 Ohio.......................... 4.7 9.0 Wisconsin..................... 6.3 7.8 Plains: Iowa.......................... 1.9 4.8 Kansas*....................... 16.9 4.8 Minnesota..................... 12.3 3.7 Missouri...................... 11.1 9.8 Nebraska...................... -1.9 5.8 North Dakota.................. -5.7 4.1 South Dakota*................. 6.2 -2.6 Southeast: Alabama....................... 8.2 4.7 Arkansas...................... 8.1 5.3 Florida....................... 10.7 5.5 Georgia....................... 8.9 6.6 Kentucky...................... 5.1 5.1 Louisiana..................... 6.1 6.3 Mississippi................... 7.3 8.1 North Carolina................ 13.6 1.2 South Carolina................ 7.8 2.8 Tennessee..................... 6.7 1.1 Virginia...................... 6.2 7.9 West Virginia................. 4.5 5.9 Southwest: Arizona....................... 3.0 10.9 New Mexico.................... 16.3 3.3 Oklahoma...................... -0.5 2.3 Texas......................... 8.2 0.0 Rocky Mountain: Colorado...................... 3.8 4.4 Idaho......................... 10.3 13.0 Montana*...................... -5.2 25.4 Utah.......................... 6.8 7.4 Wyoming....................... -2.6 6.8 Far West: Alaska........................ 15.7 -21.6 California.................... -3.9 -1.4 Hawaii........................ 0.3 4.6 Nevada........................ -5.1 7.9 Oregon........................ 9.3 6.2 Washington.................... 3.6 -1.9 Territories: Puerto Rico................... 9.3 5.9 ------------------------------------- Average..................... 5.1 3.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Notes to Table 1-16. Kansas--Expenditures for fiscal 1994 reflect a state assumption of $325.9 million of local school spending as a result of school finance reform. Excluding school finance reform, which shifted significant responsibility for school spending from localities to the state, the growth for fiscal 1994 is estimated to be 3.4 percent. Montana--Figures include changes in earmarking of taxes for school equalization increase of $125 million in expenditures and $134 million in revenues. These amounts had not been recorded in the general fund in previous year. New Hampshire--Medicaid enhancement fund was not previously budgeted as general funds. South Dakota--Fiscal 1995 expenditures reflect the fact that $29.5 million in higher education tuition and fees are no longer deposited in the general fund. Source: The Fiscal Survey of States, National Governors' Association, National Association of State Budget Officers, April 1994.