Table ES-2

Two-Year Impacts of JOBS on Different Income Sources for Single-Parent Sample Members:
Human Capital Development Approach

                                         Human Capital
                                         Development Group   HCD Control     Difference   Percentage
Outcome                                       (HCDs)            Group        (Impact)     Change a)

Percent with income from the following sources during
month prior to survey

 Employment                                        35.1            32.4         2.6          8.1

 Employment with earnings equivalent
 to at least $10,000 per year                       8.0             9.1        -1.1        -11.8

 AFDC                                              64.6            68.8        -4.2**       -6.1

 Food Stamps                                       72.7            74.5        -1.9         -2.5

 Supplementary Security Income (SSI) (%)            5.9             4.9         1.0         20.6

 Child support payments (%)                        14.1            14.5        -0.4         -2.7

Percent covered by Medicaid or private health
insurance during month prior to survey             79.2            81.8        -2.6         -3.2

Average dollar amount received during
month prior to survey

 Earnings                                           207             209          -2         -0.8

 AFDC                                               247             285         -38***     -13.5

 Food Stamps                                        151             156          -5         -3.3

 Supplementary Security Income (SSI) ($)             22              23          -1         -4.7

 Child support payments ($)                          22              18           3         19.2

 Total income (from these and other sources)        653             697         -44**       -6.3

Sample size                                         894             828

SOURCE:  MDRC calculations are from the Two-Year Client Survey partial sample
in three sites:  Atlanta, Grand Rapids, and Riverside.

NOTES:     Survey respondents were interviewed between month 25 and month 31,
counting the month in which random assignment occurred as month 1.
   A two-tailed t-test was applied to differences between outcomes for the HCD
and HCD control groups. Statistical significance levels are indicated as *** =
1 percent; ** = 5 percent; and * = 10 percent.
  Rounding may cause slight discrepancies in calculating sums and differences.
  a) "Percentage Change" equals "Difference" divided by "HCD control group"
and multiplied by 100.
  b) This figure includes earnings, AFDC and Food Stamp benefits, child
support payments, and  Supplemental Security Income.  It does not include
income from the Earned Income Tax Credit, Social Security payments,
Unemployment Insurance benefits, alimony, Special Supplemental Food Program
for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits, and payments from family
members and friends.  No deductions are made for transportation, child care,
and work-related expenses incurred by sample members.  Sample sizes for
individual measures vary because of missing values.  Sample members for whom
values are missing for any income measure are excluded from the calculation of
total income. Therefore, the mean value of total income differs slightly from
the total obtained by summing the mean values of the five income measures.