APPENDIX A. DATA ON THE ELDERLY This appendix presents historical and current data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the elderly, including information on population, life expectancy, labor force participation, marital status, living arrangements, poverty rates, and income. Data sources are noted at the bottom of each table. The following definitions may be useful for reading the tables: 1. ``Aged'' and ``elderly'' each refer to any person 65 years old or older. 2. ``OASDI'' and ``Social Security'' are used interchangeably. 3. ``Supplemental security income'' is, at times, abbreviated ``SSI.'' 4. The concepts ``unrelated individual'' and ``unit'' are used many times throughout this appendix. ``Unrelated individual'' refers to any individual living alone. ``Unit'' refers to an individual living alone, a couple living alone, or a family. TABLE A-1.--ELDERLY AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELDERLY BY AGE AND SEX, SELECTED YEARS 1940-2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Age and demographic group ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Population 65 years and older (in thousands)............................. 9,556 12,807 17,268 20,920 26,148 31,974 35,371 61,093 Population age 65 and older as a percent of total population.................... 6.8 8.0 9.1 9.7 11.1 12.3 12.4 18.2 Population age 75 and older as a percent of total population.................... 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.4 5.2 5.9 7.5 Population age 85 and older as a percent of total population.................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 Certain age and sex groupings as a percent of the population 65 years and older: Total 65 years and older.......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Men 65 and older.............. 48.4 46.8 44.5 41.5 40.3 40.6 41.4 44.4 Men 65-74..................... 34.8 32.6 30.2 26.8 26.2 25.8 23.9 27.9 Men 75-84..................... 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.3 12.0 14.0 13.3 Men 85 and older.............. 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.3 Women 65 and older............ 51.6 53.2 55.5 58.5 59.7 59.4 58.6 55.6 Women 65-74................... 35.8 35.7 35.7 34.7 33.9 31.9 28.4 30.8 Women 7-84.................... 13.4 14.7 16.3 19.1 19.3 20.0 21.2 17.6 Women 85 and older............ 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.7 6.5 7.5 9.0 7.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Population figures are as of July 1, and include total U.S. plus the outlying areas covered under the Social Security Program and an adjustment for census undercount. Source: Boards of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (1996) and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund (1996), intermediate assumptions and unpublished estimates from the Office of the Actuary, Social Security Administration. TABLE A-2.--LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR MEN AND WOMEN, 1900-2070 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Life expectancy at Life expectancy at birth age 65 Year ------------------------------------------- Male Female Male Female ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual: 1900.................... 46.4 49.0 11.4 11.7 1910.................... 50.1 53.6 11.4 12.1 1920.................... 54.5 56.3 11.8 12.3 1930.................... 58.0 61.3 11.8 12.9 1940.................... 61.4 65.7 11.9 13.4 1950.................... 65.6 71.1 12.8 15.1 1960.................... 66.7 73.2 12.9 15.9 1970.................... 67.1 74.9 13.1 17.1 1980.................... 69.9 77.5 14.0 18.4 1990.................... 71.8 78.8 15.0 19.0 Projected: 2000.................... 73.0 79.7 15.6 19.4 2010.................... 74.5 80.5 16.1 19.7 2020.................... 75.3 81.2 16.5 20.1 2030.................... 76.0 81.8 16.9 20.5 2040.................... 76.6 82.4 17.3 21.0 2050.................... 77.2 83.0 17.7 21.4 2060.................... 77.8 83.6 18.0 21.8 2070.................... 78.4 84.1 18.4 22.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--The life expectancy for any year is the average number of years of life remaining for a person if that person were to experience the death rates by age for that year. Source: Boards of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (1996) and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund (1996), intermediate assumptions and Social Security Administration (1992). TABLE A-3.--LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1950-95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Sex and age group ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: 55-64..................................................... 86.9 87.9 86.8 84.6 83.0 75.8 72.3 67.9 67.7 66.0 55-59..................................................... (\2\) 92.5 91.6 90.2 89.5 84.4 81.9 79.6 79.8 77.4 60-64..................................................... (\2\) 82.5 81.1 78.0 75.0 65.7 61.0 55.6 55.5 53.2 60-61..................................................... (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 84.8 82.6 75.2 71.8 68.9 68.8 65.6 62-64..................................................... (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 73.2 69.4 58.8 52.8 46.1 46.4 45.0 65 and over............................................... 45.8 39.6 33.1 27.9 26.8 21.7 19.1 15.8 16.4 16.8 Women: 55-64..................................................... 27.0 32.5 37.2 41.4 43.0 41.0 41.5 42.0 45.3 49.2 55-59..................................................... (\2\) 35.6 42.2 47.1 50.4 47.9 48.6 50.3 55.3 59.5 60-64..................................................... (\2\) 29.0 31.4 34.0 36.1 33.3 33.3 33.4 35.5 38.0 60-61..................................................... (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 40.4 41.4 39.5 39.8 40.3 42.9 46.1 62-64..................................................... (\2\) (\2\) (\2\) 29.5 32.3 29.0 28.6 28.7 30.7 32.5 65 and over............................................... 9.7 10.6 10.8 10.0 9.7 8.3 8.1 7.3 8.7 8.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian labor force as percent of civilian noninstitutional population aged 16 or older. \2\ Data not available. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. TABLE A-4.--MARITAL STATUS OF AGED INDIVIDUALS, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1960-95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960 1970 \2\ 1980 \3\ 1990 1995 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Demographic group 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over 65-74 over -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: Number (in thousands)....................................... 4,778 2,280 5,333 3,031 6,459 3,234 8,013 4,320 8,097 4,906 Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Married................................................... 78.9 59.1 77.6 79.7 81.6 69.4 80.2 69.9 80.9 70.8 Widowed................................................... 12.7 31.6 11.0 30.4 8.5 24.0 9.2 23.7 8.6 21.6 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.5 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 6.0 3.1 6.3 3.4 Never married............................................. 6.7 7.8 8.5 6.6 5.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 4.2 4.1 ========================================================================================= Women: Number (in thousands)....................................... 5,529 3,054 6,741 4,608 8,549 5,411 9,966 7,267 10,117 8,147 Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Married................................................... 45.6 21.8 45.4 20.8 50.1 23.3 53.2 25.4 55.1 27.0 Widowed................................................... 44.4 68.3 43.7 70.5 40.3 68.0 36.1 65.6 33.1 64.9 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.2 3.0 1.3 4.0 2.3 6.2 3.6 7.8 3.7 Never married \4\......................................... 8.4 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.6 6.4 4.6 5.4 4.0 4.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian noninstitutional population only. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1960 decennial census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 decennial census. \4\ Never married was reported as ``single'' for 1960. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-5.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF THE ELDERLY, SELECTED YEARS 1970-95 [Civilian noninstitutionalized population, number in thousands] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 65 and Widowed men Widowed women over --------------------------------- Living arrangement and year ------------------ Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In families: 1970 \2\................................................ 13,347 70.0 499 37.4 2,386 40.1 1980 \3\................................................ 16,355 67.6 385 28.7 2,194 30.1 1990.................................................... 19,737 66.8 525 29.9 2,202 26.3 1992.................................................... 20,351 66.5 536 28.0 2,305 26.8 1995.................................................... 20,828 66.6 466 26.6 2,363 27.4 Living alone: 1970 \2\................................................ 5,071 26.6 708 53.1 3,309 55.7 1980 \3\................................................ 7,328 30.3 893 66.5 4,916 67.4 1990.................................................... 9,176 31.0 1,117 63.6 5,946 71.1 1992.................................................... 9,523 31.1 1,241 64.7 6,070 70.6 1995.................................................... 9,862 31.5 1,201 68.4 6,092 70.5 Other: 1970 \2\................................................ 645 3.4 124 9.3 251 4.2 1980 \3\................................................ 511 2.1 65 4.8 186 2.5 1990.................................................... 653 2.2 113 6.4 220 2.6 1992.................................................... 716 2.3 142 7.4 227 2.6 1995.................................................... 577 1.8 88 5.0 182 2.1 --------------------------------------------------- Total: 1970 \2\.............................................. 19,061 100.0 1,333 100.0 5,946 100.0 1980 \3\.............................................. 24,194 100.0 1,342 100.0 7,295 100.0 1990.................................................. 29,566 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,367 100.0 1992.................................................. 30,590 100.0 1,917 100.0 8,601 100.0 1995.................................................. 31,267 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,637 100.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Excludes persons in institutions (nursing homes, etc.). The number of such persons age 65 years and over was estimated to be 0.8 million in 1970, and 1.6 million in 1989. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 decennial census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1980 decennial census. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-6.--POVERTY STATUS OF ALL PERSONS AND ELDERLY BY SEX, ETHNICITY, AND LIVING ARRANGEMENT, SELECTED YEARS 1959-94 [Percent below the poverty level] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1959 1966 1970 1973 \1\ 1980 1990 1992 1994 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All persons..................................................... 22.4 14.7 12.6 11.1 13.0 13.5 14.8 14.5 Persons 65 years old and over................................... 35.2 28.5 24.5 16.3 15.7 12.2 12.9 11.7 Both sexes: Living arrangement: Living in families.................................. NA NA 14.7 9.4 8.5 5.8 7.1 6.0 Unrelated individuals............................... NA NA 47.1 32.0 30.6 24.7 24.9 23.1 Race/ethnicity: Black............................................... NA NA 48.0 37.1 38.1 33.8 33.5 27.4 Hispanic \2\........................................ NA NA NA 24.9 30.8 22.5 22.1 22.6 White............................................... NA NA 22.5 14.4 13.6 10.1 11.0 10.2 Men......................................................... NA NA 19.0 12.4 10.9 7.6 8.8 7.2 Living arrangement: Living in families.................................. NA NA 14.9 9.4 8.2 5.4 6.7 5.1 Unrelated individuals............................... NA NA 38.9 27.1 24.4 17.3 18.4 16.1 Race/ethnicity: Black............................................... NA NA 41.3 32.4 31.4 27.8 26.9 20.6 Hispanic \2\........................................ NA NA NA 22.0 27.0 18.6 17.4 15.4 White............................................... NA NA 17.0 10.4 9.0 5.6 7.1 5.9 Women....................................................... NA NA 28.5 19.0 19.0 15.4 15.8 14.9 Living arrangement: Living in families.................................. NA NA 14.5 9.3 8.8 6.3 7.5 7.0 Unrelated individuals............................... NA NA 49.7 33.5 32.3 26.9 26.8 25.3 Race/ethnicity: Black............................................... NA NA 53.2 40.5 42.6 37.9 37.8 31.7 Hispanic \2\........................................ NA NA NA 24.7 34.3 25.3 25.4 28.4 White............................................... NA NA 26.5 17.2 16.8 13.2 13.7 13.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ First year in which Hispanic data are available. \2\ Hispanics may be of any race. NA--Not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-60 (various years). TABLE A-7.--POVERTY RATES OF THE ELDERLY BY AGE, SEX, AND MARITAL STATUS, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Age group ----------------------------------- Sex and marital status 65 and 85 and over 65-74 75-84 over ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Male total.......................... 7.2 6.8 6.8 12.8 Married......................... 4.8 4.8 4.3 8.2 Widowed......................... 12.1 11.1 11.7 14.8 Divorced/separated/never married 18.7 17.6 18.9 NA Female total........................ 14.9 12.7 16.8 20.2 Married......................... 5.6 5.1 6.3 NA Widowed......................... 20.2 19.7 20.3 21.1 Divorced/separated/never married 27.4 26.6 30.1 NA Total............................... 11.7 10.1 12.8 18.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA--Not available due to unreliability of estimate; percentage base represents fewer than 250,000 persons. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1995 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-8.--AMOUNT OF INCOME FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN SOCIAL SECURITY, AMONG SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFICIARIES, AGE 65 AND OVER, 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Married Nonmarried Unit income other than Social Security All units couples persons ------------------------------------------------------------------------ None.................................. 15.4 8.2 21.0 Loss or $1-$1,999..................... 21.0 12.9 27.2 $2,000-$3,999......................... 9.8 7.9 11.3 $4,000-$5,999......................... 7.6 6.7 8.3 $6,000-$7,999......................... 6.2 6.0 6.3 $8,000-$9,999......................... 5.1 5.5 4.8 $10,000-$14,999....................... 10.0 11.9 8.5 $15,000-$19,999....................... 6.2 9.0 4.1 $20,000-$29,999....................... 7.5 11.7 4.2 $30,000-$39,999....................... 4.0 6.7 1.9 $40,000-$74,999....................... 5.1 9.4 1.8 $75,000-$99,999....................... 1.0 2.0 0.3 $100,000-$199,999..................... 1.1 2.0 0.4 $200,000 or more...................... 0.1 0.2 0.1 --------------------------------- Median income other than Social Security........................... $4,714 $10,662 $2,078 Median Social Security income....... 9,171 13,000 7,693 --------------------------------- Number (in thousands)............... 22,063 9,595 12,468 Total percent..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: March 1995 Current Population Survey, tabulated by the Congressional Budget Office. TABLE A-9.--TOTAL MONEY INCOME OF ELDERLY UNITS, 1994 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All units Married couples Nonmarried persons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amount of income Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 and over Age 65-69 and over and over Age 65-69 and over and over Age 65-69 and over -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0-$4,999............................................. 7.1 6.4 12.2 2.6 2.8 6.2 10.4 10.5 13.6 $5,000-$9,999........................................ 23.6 17.2 36.3 6.2 5.6 12.4 36.8 30.6 42.1 $10,000-$14,999...................................... 18.5 14.5 22.9 12.9 11.1 22.0 22.8 18.3 23.1 $15,000-$19,999...................................... 13.2 12.8 10.9 15.4 12.2 17.3 11.5 13.6 9.3 $20,000-$29,999...................................... 16.0 17.8 9.1 24.4 21.4 19.0 9.7 13.7 6.7 $30,000-$39,999...................................... 8.6 11.3 3.1 14.4 15.7 6.4 4.2 6.3 2.3 $40,000-$49,999...................................... 4.2 5.7 2.1 7.6 8.9 7.7 1.5 2.0 0.8 $50,000-$74,999...................................... 5.0 7.9 2.2 9.0 12.0 4.8 2.0 3.3 1.5 $75,000-$99,999...................................... 1.8 3.0 0.6 3.7 5.1 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 $100,000-$149,999.................................... 1.5 2.2 0.6 2.9 3.7 1.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 $150,000-$199,999.................................... 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.7 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 $200,000ormore....................................... 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Median........................................... $15,031 $19,545 $10,073 $24,377 $28,513 $16,796 $10,223 $11,676 $8,833 Mean............................................. 22,611 28,317 14,588 33,077 37,807 24,253 14,656 17,423 12,271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number (in thousands)............................ 24,233 6,729 2,735 10,465 3,596 529 13,768 3,133 2,206 Total percent................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source: March 1995 Current Population Survey, tabulated by the Congressional Budget Office. TABLE A-10.--INCOME SOURCES OF ELDERLY UNITS \1\ AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SOURCES, 1994 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of units with Percent of aggregate unit income from each source income from each source Income source ------------------------------------------------------ Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of units (in thousands)........................... 23,705 3,328 20,377 NA NA NA Number of aged individuals (in thousands)................ 31,267 3,663 27,604 NA NA NA Percent of units......................................... 100.0 14.0 86.0 NA NA NA Earnings \3\............................................. 32.5 8.9 36.4 30.4 5.6 31.2 OASDI, railroad retirement............................... 92.2 80.9 94.0 34.9 66.1 33.8 Pensions................................................. 43.6 8.2 49.4 16.0 2.9 16.4 Unemployment compensation, workers compensation, veterans payments................................................ 8.4 5.1 8.9 1.5 1.2 1.6 AFDC, SSI, general assistance............................ 7.4 23.5 4.8 0.9 10.4 0.6 Child support, alimony................................... 5.2 3.4 5.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 Interest, dividends \3\.................................. 70.0 33.2 76.0 14.8 2.9 15.2 Food stamps \4\.......................................... 5.8 24.1 2.8 0.2 3.5 0.1 Housing assistance \4\................................... 6.2 18.0 4.3 0.4 6.2 0.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Families and unrelated individuals with any member age 65 or older. \2\ Based on official Census Bureau poverty levels. \3\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. NA--Not applicable. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1995 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-11.--INCOME SOURCES OF ELDERLY MARRIED COUPLES AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SOURCES, 1994 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of couples with Percent of aggregate income from each source total income from each Income source --------------------------- source ------------------------- Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of married couples (in thousands)................... 6,187 257 5,930 NA NA NA Percent of married couples................................. 100.0 4.2 95.8 NA NA NA Earnings \3\............................................... 23.1 4.5 23.9 12.7 0.4 12.8 OASDI, railroad retirement................................. 96.7 62.2 98.2 43.6 71.7 43.4 Pensions................................................... 57.9 15.5 59.8 22.5 10.0 22.6 Veterans, UC, and other compensation....................... 8.0 1.7 8.3 1.7 0.1 1.8 AFDC, SSI, general assistance.............................. 1.9 10.4 1.5 0.3 5.5 0.3 Child support, alimony..................................... 2.8 2.1 2.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 Interest, dividends \3\.................................... 82.0 50.1 83.4 18.6 7.2 18.7 Food stamps \4\............................................ 1.3 9.6 1.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 Housing assistance \4\..................................... 1.1 3.0 1.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Both members age 65 or over. \2\ Based on official Census Bureau poverty levels. \3\ Negative incomes (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1995 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-12. INCOME SOURCES OF ELDERLY UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS \1\ AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SOURCES, 1994 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of units with Percent of aggregate income from each source total income from each Income source ---------------------------- source ------------------------- Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor Total Poor \2\ Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of individuals (in thousands)...................... 10,430 2,409 8,020 NA NA NA Percent of individuals.................................... 100.0 23.1 76.9 NA NA NA Earnings \3\.............................................. 12.5 2.4 15.6 10.6 0.5 11.4 OASDI, Railroad retirement................................ 93.3 85.1 95.8 47.1 73.2 44.8 Pensions.................................................. 37.0 6.5 46.2 17.0 1.9 18.3 Veterans, UC, and other compensation...................... 4.9 4.6 5.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 AFDC, SSI, general assistance............................. 7.7 22.6 3.2 1.3 9.0 0.6 Child support, alimony.................................... 3.2 1.9 3.6 0.8 0.4 0.8 Interest, dividends \3\................................... 64.0 32.6 73.5 20.3 2.8 21.9 Food stamps \4\........................................... 7.4 24.5 2.3 0.2 2.5 0.1 Housing assistance \4\.................................... 12.2 22.2 9.3 1.4 8.5 0.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Age 65 and over living alone. \2\ Based on official Census Bureau poverty levels. \3\ Negative incomes (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1995 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-13.--RECEIPT OF SOCIAL SECURITY, SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME, AND FOOD STAMPS BY POOR AND NEAR-POOR ELDERLY UNITS, \1\ 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Units with income Units with income of below 100 percent of 100-149.9 percent of poverty threshold poverty threshold Type of benefit received ------------------------------------------- Number (in Number (in thousands) Percent thousands) Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total....................... 3,142 100.0 3,656 100.0 Social Security \2\......... 2,581 82.1 3,518 96.2 SSI......................... 678 21.6 348 9.5 Food stamps................. 754 24.0 293 8.0 Social Security only \3\.... 1,793 57.1 3,087 84.4 SSI only \3\................ 71 2.3 48 1.3 Food stamps only \3\........ 23 0.7 0 0.0 Social Security and food stamps \4\................. 291 9.3 150 4.1 Social Security and SSI \4\. 167 5.3 157 4.3 SSI and food stamps \4\..... 111 3.5 18 0.5 All three income sources.... 329 10.5 125 3.4 No Social Security, SSI, or food stamps................ 356 11.3 72 2.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Includes couples with an elderly head and unrelated individuals. \2\ Includes railroad retirement. \3\ This row, which is labeled ``Social Security only,'' means the family receives only Social Security and does not receive SSI or food stamps. The family could be receiving other types of income. The same is true of the following two rows. \4\ Family receives only the two types of income specified but not the third. The family could be receiving other sources of income than the three mentioned. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service based on March 1995 Current Population Survey. REFERENCES Board of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. (1996, June). The 1996 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (U.S. House of Representatives Document 104-227). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Board of Trustees, Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. (1996, June). The 1996 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund (U.S. House of Representatives Document 104-226). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Social Security Administration. (1992, August). Life tables for the United States Social Security area 1900-2080 (Actuarial Study No. 107). Washington, DC: Author. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (various years). Marital status and living arrangements. Current Population Reports, Series P-20. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (various years). Poverty in the United States. Current Population Reports (Series P- 60). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.