This first report focuses largely on establishing a baseline and a framework for further evaluation. The report details key trends in factors that will be important to evaluate NSA effects including: the implementation and impacts of state surprise billing laws already in effect; trends in market consolidation and concentration; the impact of market consolidation and concentration on prices, quality, and spending; and trends in OON billing. This report also describes a conceptual framework for considering the health care market effects of NSA, as well as describing potential methodologic approaches (and their limitations) for estimating these effects. Subsequent reports will implement these approaches.
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