[ Main page of Report | Contents of Report ]
| Quarter Relative to Program Entry | RSC (Percentages) | TWC (Percentages) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| -4 | 37.7 | 35.2 | * |
| -3 | 39.4 | 35.2 | *** |
| -2 | 43.7 | 36.2 | *** |
| -1 | 40.3 | 33.7 | *** |
| 0 | 47.8 | 78.8 | *** |
| 1 | 58.6 | 71.3 | *** |
| 2 | 54.4 | 55.8 | |
| 3 | 51.3 | 45.6 | *** |
| 4 | 52.1 | 44.7 | *** |
| 5 | 50.3 | 41.6 | *** |
| 6 | 49.4 | 38.9 | *** |
| 7 | 47.3 | NA | n.a. |
| 8 | 45.5 | NA | n.a. |
| Sample Size | 2,338 | 2,543 | |
| Source: State administrative records data. | |||
| NA = not available. | |||
| n.a. = not applicable. | |||
| */**/*** Difference between RSC and TWC estimates is statistically significant at the .10/.05/.01 level, two-tailed test. | |||
| Quarter Relative to Program Entry | RSC (Dollars) | TWC (Dollars) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| -4 | 519.71 | 8.66 | *** |
| -3 | 556.52 | 422.82 | *** |
| -2 | 620.52 | 414.54 | *** |
| -1 | 506.93 | 294.93 | *** |
| 0 | 455.24 | 532.50 | *** |
| 1 | 1,001.16 | 889.67 | *** |
| 2 | 1,132.00 | 828.67 | *** |
| 3 | 1,136.10 | 829.12 | *** |
| 4 | 1,231.50 | 841.28 | *** |
| 5 | 1,236.33 | 827.81 | *** |
| 6 | 1,274.78 | 777.74 | *** |
| 7 | 1,264.30 | NA | n.a. |
| 8 | 1,235.26 | NA | n.a. |
| Sample Size | 2,338 | 2,543 | |
| Source: State administrative records data. | |||
| NA = not available. | |||
| n.a. = not applicable. | |||
| */**/*** Difference between RSC and TWC estimates is statistically significant at the .10/.05/.01 level, two-tailed test. | |||
| Quarter Relative to Program Entry | RSC (Percentage) | TWC (Percentage) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| -4 | 81.2 | 88.5 | *** |
| -3 | 81.5 | 88.8 | *** |
| -2 | 82.3 | 90.1 | *** |
| -1 | 86.0 | 93.7 | *** |
| 0 | 94.3 | 98.2 | *** |
| 1 | 85.6 | 93.3 | *** |
| 2 | 68.9 | 84.2 | *** |
| 3 | 60.8 | 75.9 | *** |
| 4 | 56.1 | 71.1 | *** |
| 5 | 52.7 | 66.4 | *** |
| 6 | 49.3 | 64.0 | *** |
| 7 | 46.9 | NA | n.a. |
| 8 | 45.4 | NA | n.a. |
| Sample Size | 2,338 | 2,543 | |
| Source: State administrative records data. | |||
| NA = not available. | |||
| n.a. = not applicable. | |||
| */**/*** Difference between RSC and TWC estimates is statistically significant at the .10/.05/.01 level, two-tailed test. | |||
| Employed on TANF | Employed, Not on TANF | Not Employed, on TANF | Not Employed, Not on TANF | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quarter Relative to Program Entry |
RSC (Percentages) | TWC (Percentages) | Sig. | RSC (Percentages) | TWC (Percentages) | Sig. | RSC (Percentages) | TWC (Percentages) | Sig. | RSC (Percentages) | TWC (Percentages) | Sig. |
| -4 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 52.4 | 59.5 | *** | 9.8 | 5.4 | *** | ||
| -3 | 29.7 | 29.1 | 9.6 | 6.1 | 51.8 | 59.7 | *** | 8.9 | 5.1 | *** | ||
| -2 | 34.1 | 31.0 | ** | 9.6 | 5.2 | ** | 48.2 | 59.1 | *** | 8.1 | 4.7 | *** |
| -1 | 33.2 | 30.6 | * | 7.1 | 3.1 | * | 52.8 | 63.1 | *** | 7.0 | 3.2 | *** |
| 0 | 45.9 | 78.2 | *** | 1.9 | 0.6 | *** | 48.4 | 20.1 | *** | 3.8 | 1.2 | *** |
| 1 | 50.1 | 67.4 | *** | 8.5 | 3.9 | *** | 35.5 | 25.9 | *** | 5.9 | 2.8 | *** |
| 2 | 33.9 | 45.8 | *** | 20.5 | 10.0 | *** | 35.0 | 38.4 | ** | 10.6 | 5.8 | *** |
| 3 | 26.4 | 30.8 | *** | 25.0 | 14.8 | *** | 34.4 | 45.0 | *** | 14.2 | 9.4 | *** |
| 4 | 24.8 | 27.4 | ** | 27.3 | 17.3 | ** | 31.3 | 43.7 | *** | 16.6 | 11.6 | *** |
| 5 | 20.4 | 23.4 | ** | 29.9 | 18.2 | ** | 32.2 | 43.0 | *** | 17.5 | 15.4 | * |
| 6 | 18.4 | 22.7 | *** | 31.0 | 17.9 | *** | 30.9 | 41.2 | *** | 19.7 | 18.1 | |
| 7 | 16.7 | NA | n.a. | 30.6 | NA | n.a. | 30.2 | NA | n.a. | 22.6 | NA | n.a. |
| 8 | 15.0 | NA | n.a. | 30.5 | NA | n.a. | 30.4 | NA | n.a. | 24.1 | NA | n.a. |
| Sample Size | 2,338 | 2,543 | 2,338 | 2,543 | 2,338 | 2,543 | 2,338 | 2,543 | ||||
| Source: State administrative records data. | ||||||||||||
| NA = Not Available. | ||||||||||||
| n.a. = not applicable. | ||||||||||||
| */**/*** Difference between RSC and TWC estimates is statistically significant at the .10/.05/.01 level, two-tailed test. | ||||||||||||
| Employment | Earningsa | TANF Receipt | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statistical Method | Difference in the Percentage Employed (TWC-RSC) | Difference in Dollars (TWC-RSC) |
Difference in the Percentage Receiving TANF (TWC-RSC) |
| OLS Regression | |||
| Without program completion | –4.9 | –367.62*** | 10.4*** |
| With program completion | –2.4 | –247.62*** | 8.9*** |
| Fixed-Effects Regression | |||
| Without program completion | –6.7* | –320.31*** | 11.7*** |
| With program completion | –7.3* | –338.66*** | 11.8*** |
| Propensity Scoring Model | |||
| Without program completion | –3.8 | –347.93*** | 13.8*** |
| With program completion | –5.0 | –308.69*** | 10.0*** |
| Source: Baseline information forms of Welfare-to-Work participants, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.; state administrative records data; and RSC and TWC Management Information Systems data. | |||
| Note: All models include demographics, prior work or prior TANF receipt, and unemployment rate as explanatory variables. Prior work is included in employment and earnings models; prior TANF receipt is included in TANF receipt model. | |||
| a The earnings models include participants who were not employed and had zero earnings. | |||
| */**/*** Significantly different from zero at the .05/.01/.001 level, two-tailed test. | |||
| Factors Associated with Placement Success | TWC | RSC |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | ||
| Age Is Less than 30 | –.046 | .042 |
| Age Is Greater than 30 and Less than 40 | –.011 | .025 |
| Female | –.405* | .007 |
| Hispanic | .119* | –.110* |
| White | .151 | –.039 |
| Other Race/Ethnicity | –.097 | .152 |
| Married or Cohabiting | .049 | –.029 |
| Number of Children | .018* | –.002 |
| Age of Youngest Child Less than 5 | .057 | .080* |
| Has High School Diploma or GED | .168*** | .057 |
| Own Health Problem Limits Ability to Work | –.081 | –.054 |
| Family Member’s Health Problem Limits Ability to Work | –.059 | .035 |
| Economic Conditions | ||
| Unemployment Rate in Quarter 6 After Program Entry | –.457*** | .125 |
| Prior Employment | ||
| Never Employed Before Program Entry | –.064 | –.146* |
| Employed in All Four Quarters Before Program Entry | .012 | .112 |
| Average Earnings in Four Quarters Before Program Entry | .143* | –.086 |
| Prior TANF Receipt | ||
| Received TANF in All Four Quarters Before Program Entry | –.041 | –.092* |
| Received TANF Two to Five Years | .056 | –.019 |
| Received TANF Five or More Years | .064 | –.028 |
| Source: Baseline information forms of Welfare-to-Work participants, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.; state administrative records data; and RSC and TWC Management Information Systems data. | ||
| Note: Missing values for race/ethnicity, health problem, family member’s health problem, and length of TANF receipt were imputed. Dummy variables for imputed cases, included in the model, were not significant. | ||
| */**/*** Significant at the .05/.01/.001 level, two-tailed test. | ||
Figure A.1
Philadelphia WTW Outcomes Study:
Employment Rates Over Time after Estimated Placement in Unsubsidized Work
Source: Administrative Data from State of Pennsylvania
Figure A.2
Philadelphia WTW Outcomes Study:
Earnings Over Time after Estimated Placement in Unsubsidized Work
Source: Administrative Data from State of Pennsylvania
Figure A.3
Philadelphia WTW Outcomes Study:
Employment Rates of TANF Receipt Over Time after Estimated Placement in
Unsubsidized Work
Source: Administrative Data from State of Pennsylvania
Main Page of Report | Contents of Report
Home Pages:
Human Services Policy (HSP)
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
ASPE)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS)