Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2005

Appendix C:
Additional Nonmarital Birth Data

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Table C-1.
Percentage of Births that are Nonmarital within Age Groups, by Race and Ethnicity, 1940-2002
Year White Black(1) Hispanic(2)
Total
Teens(3)		 Ages
15 - 17		 Ages
18 - 19		 Total
Women		 Total
Teens		 Ages
15 - 17		 Ages
18 - 19		 Total
Women		 Total
Teens		 Ages
15 - 17		 Ages
18 - 19		 Total
Women
1940 7 - - 2 36 - - 17 - - - -
1945 10 - - 2 41 - - 18 - - - -
1950 6 10 5 2 37 48 28 18 - - - -
1955 7 10 5 2 42 52 33 20 - - - -
1960 7 12 5 2 43 54 34 22 - - - -
1965 12 17 9 4 51 63 39 26 - - - -
1970 17 25 14 6 64 76 52 38 - - - -
1975 23 33 17 7 78 87 68 49 - - - -
1980 34 45 27 11 86 93 80 56 42 51 36 24
1985 45 58 38 15 91 96 86 61 - 61 46 30
1990 57 68 51 20 92 96 89 67 62 68 54 37
1991 59 70 53 22 93 96 90 68 64 69 56 38
1992 61 71 55 23 93 96 90 68 65 69 57 39
1993 63 72 57 24 93 96 91 69 66 69 58 40
1994 68 78 62 25 95 98 93 70 73 77 65 43
1995 68 77 62 25 95 98 93 70 71 75 62 41
1996 69 79 63 26 96 98 94 70 71 75 63 41
1997 71 82 65 26 96 98 94 69 76 80 66 41
1998 72 83 67 26 96 98 94 69 77 82 67 42
1999 73 83 67 27 96 98 94 69 76 82 67 42
2000 73 83 68 27 96 99 94 68 76 82 67 43
2001 73 83 68 28 96 99 94 68 75 81 67 42
2002 75 85 70 28 96 99 94 68 77 83 69 44
Note:  Trends in nonmarital births may be affected by changes in the reporting of marital status on birth certificates and in procedures for inferring nonmarital births when marital status is not reported. In particular, the increases from 1993 to 1994 to a great extent reflect improvements in the completeness of reporting of nonmarital births in two states, Michigan and Texas.

1.  From 1940 to 1965, percentages of births to unmarried Black women (shown in italics) include all unmarried Non-white.

2.  Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanics have been available only since 1980, with 22 states reporting in 1980, representing 90 percent of the Hispanic population. Hispanic birth data were reported by 23 states and the District of Columbia in 1985; 48 states and the District of Columbia in 1990; 49 states and the District of Columbia in 1991 and 1992; and all 50 states and the District of Columbia since 1993.

3.  Births to teens under 15 are included in the percentages for Total Teens but are not shown separately.

Source:  National Center for Health Statistics, “Births of Hispanic Parentage, 1980,” Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 32, No. 6 Supplement; “Births of Hispanic Parentage, 1985,” Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 36, No. 11 Supplement; “Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940 - 1999,” National Vital Health Statistics Reports, Vol. 48 (16); “Births: Final Data for 2002,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52 (10), and earlier reports. Additional calculations by ASPE staff.

Table C-2.
Percentage of Births that are Nonmarital, by State: Selected Years
1960-2002
State  1960 1970 1980 1990 1992 1994 1996 2000 2002
Alabama 11 14 22 30 33 34 34 34 35
Alaska 5 9 16 26 27 29 31 33 34
Arizona NA 9 19 33 36 38 39 39 40
Arkansas NA 13 20 29 31 33 34 36 37
California NA NA 21 32 34 36 31 33 33
Colorado NA 9 13 21 24 25 25 25 27
Connecticut NA NA 18 27 29 30 31 29 29
Delaware 9 15 24 29 33 35 35 38 41
District of Columbia 20 38 56 65 67 69 66 60 57
Florida 9 14 23 32 34 36 36 38 39
Georgia NA NA 23 33 35 36 35 37 38
Hawaii 5 10 18 25 26 28 30 32 34
Idaho NA NA 8 17 18 19 21 22 22
Illinois 6 13 23 32 33 34 34 35 35
Indiana 4 8 16 26 29 32 32 35 36
Iowa 2 7 10 21 24 25 26 28 29
Kansas 3 7 12 22 24 26 27 29 31
Kentucky 5 8 15 24 26 28 30 31 33
Louisiana 9 15 23 37 40 43 43 46 47
Maine 3 7 14 23 25 28 29 31 33
Maryland NA NA 25 30 30 34 34 35 35
Massachusetts NA NA 16 25 26 27 25 27 27
Michigan 4 11 16 26 27 35 34 33 34
Minnesota 3 8 11 21 23 24 25 26 27
Mississippi 14 17 28 40 43 45 45 46 47
Missouri 6 11 18 29 32 33 33 35 35
Montana NA NA 13 24 26 26 28 31 33
Nebraska NA 8 12 21 23 25 25 27 29
Nevada 4 11 13 25 33 35 43 36 37
New Hampshire NA 6 11 17 19 22 23 25 25
New Jersey 4 10 21 24 26 28 28 29 29
New Mexico NA NA 16 35 39 42 42 46 47
New York NA NA 24 33 35 38 40 37 36
North Carolina 9 12 19 29 31 32 32 33 35
North Dakota 3 7 9 18 23 23 25 28 29
Ohio 4 NA 18 29 32 33 33 35 35
Oklahoma NA 8 14 25 28 30 31 34 36
Oregon 3 7 15 26 27 29 30 30 31
Pennsylvania 4 10 18 29 32 33 32 33 33
Rhode Island 3 7 16 26 30 32 33 35 36
South Carolina 12 15 23 33 35 37 37 40 40
South Dakota 3 7 13 23 27 28 30 33 35
Tennessee 9 12 20 30 33 33 33 35 36
Texas 5 9 13 18 17 29 30 31 32
Utah 2 4 6 14 15 16 16 17 17
Vermont NA NA 14 20 23 25 26 28 32
Virginia 8 11 19 26 28 29 29 30 30
Washington 3 9 14 24 25 26 27 28 29
West Virginia 6 6 13 25 28 30 31 32 33
Wisconsin 3 8 14 24 26 27 27 29 30
Wyoming 2 7 8 20 24 27 27 29 30
United States 5 11 18 28 30 33 32 33 34
Source:  National Center for Health Statistics, “Births: Final Data for 2002,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52 (10), December 2003 and earlier reports available online at (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/vsus/1963/1963.htm).

Table C-3.
Percentage of Births that are Nonmarital, by Race/Ethnicity and State,
1994 and 2002
State All Races White Black Hispanic
Total Total Non-Hispanic Total Total
1994 2002 1994 2002 1994 2002 1994 2002 1994 2002
Alabama 35 35 16 20 16 19 71 68 19 25
Alaska 29 34 21 24 21 23 39 43 29 41
Arizona 38 40 35 38 25 25 65 62 51 52
Arkansas 33 37 20 28 20 27 74 76 31 37
California 36 33 36 34 23 20 63 63 46 42
Colorado 25 27 23 26 18 18 57 54 44 41
Connecticut 31 29 24 25 18 16 70 66 65 61
Delaware 35 41 23 32 22 28 74 70 50 56
District of Columbia 69 57 15 26 10 8 80 77 59 58
Florida 36 39 26 32 24 28 69 67 34 40
Georgia 36 38 18 25 18 21 68 66 23 43
Hawaii 28 34 16 17 15 17 20 19 44 44
Idaho 19 22 18 21 17 19 40 33 25 36
Illinois 34 35 23 27 18 21 79 77 38 43
Indiana 32 36 26 32 26 30 78 76 42 50
Iowa 25 29 23 28 23 27 75 74 37 41
Kansas 26 31 22 28 21 26 66 68 39 43
Kentucky 28 33 23 29 23 29 73 73 25 44
Louisiana 43 47 21 27 21 27 72 75 30 33
Maine 28 33 28 33 28 33 47 34 23 36
Maryland 34 35 19 24 18 21 64 59 39 45
Massachusetts 27 27 23 24 19 19 63 59 62 62
Michigan 35 34 24 26 23 25 79 74 42 42
Minnesota 24 27 21 24 20 21 73 58 46 51
Mississippi 45 47 18 24 18 24 75 76 21 42
Missouri 33 35 24 29 24 28 79 76 34 45
Montana 26 33 20 28 20 27 28 § 30 41
Nebraska 25 29 21 26 20 23 74 66 39 42
Nevada 35 37 31 35 27 28 70 70 44 44
New Hampshire 22 25 22 25 21 24 34 43 37 36
New Jersey 28 29 19 24 13 14 67 64 48 53
New Mexico 42 47 37 44 23 27 61 57 49 54
New York 38 36 29 30 19 18 70 66 61 60
North Carolina 32 35 18 25 17 20 68 66 29 48
North Dakota 23 29 19 24 19 23 24 36 26 40
Ohio 33 35 25 29 25 28 78 75 50 50
Oklahoma 30 36 23 31 23 29 70 70 31 42
Oregon 29 31 28 31 27 28 71 61 35 42
Pennsylvania 33 33 25 27 23 24 79 75 63 61
Rhode Island 32 36 28 32 24 26 69 63 58 59
South Carolina 37 40 19 25 19 23 67 72 28 43
South Dakota 28 35 20 26 20 26 21 38 33 49
Tennessee 33 36 21 27 21 25 75 73 26 46
Texas 29 32 24 30 18 22 63 62 31 36
Utah 16 17 15 16 13 13 45 47 37 38
Vermont 25 32 25 32 25 32 33 59 34 §
Virginia 29 30 19 22 18 20 64 62 38 40
Washington 26 29 24 28 23 25 55 53 35 42
West Virginia 30 33 29 32 29 32 76 72 22 35
Wisconsin 27 30 21 24 20 22 82 82 46 46
Wyoming 28 30 26 29 25 27 46 52 45 43
United States 33 34 25 29 21 23 70 68 43 44
§ Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in the numerator.

Note:  Persons of Hispanic ethnicity may be of any race.

Source:  National Center for Health Statistics, “Births: Final Data for 2002,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52 (10), December 2003 and earlier reports available online at (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/vsus/1963/1963.htm).

Table C-4.
Birth Rates of Teens 15-19 Years, by State: Selected Years 1960-2002
(births per 1,000 women in specified group)
State 1960 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002
Alabama 104 90 78 68 64 71 69 61 55
Alaska 128 103 60 64 56 65 55 49 40
Arizona 112 79 67 65 67 76 74 68 61
Arkansas 116 93 84 75 73 80 72 66 60
California 103 69 52 53 53 71 67 47 41
Colorado 97 67 51 50 48 55 52 51 47
Connecticut 54 44 32 31 31 39 39 31 26
Delaware 100 73 49 51 51 55 55 48 46
District of Columbia 132 116 73 62 72 93 85 53 69
Florida 117 86 64 59 58 69 60 51 45
Georgia 117 101 78 72 68 76 70 63 56
Hawaii 77 66 52 51 48 61 49 46 38
Idaho 102 66 59 59 47 51 49 43 39
Illinois 63 63 56 56 51 63 58 48 42
Indiana 100 75 64 57 52 59 57 49 45
Iowa 73 53 46 43 35 41 38 34 33
Kansas 94 65 57 57 52 56 52 46 43
Kentucky 108 86 78 72 63 68 62 55 51
Louisiana 113 84 79 76 72 74 70 62 58
Maine 93 65 55 47 42 43 34 29 25
Maryland 100 69 46 43 46 53 47 41 35
Massachusetts 51 40 31 28 29 35 33 26 23
Michigan 80 69 52 45 43 59 49 40 35
Minnesota 64 44 36 35 31 36 33 30 28
Mississippi 121 103 92 84 76 81 79 70 65
Missouri 99 72 59 58 54 63 55 49 44
Montana 97 62 54 48 44 48 42 37 36
Nebraska 82 54 45 45 40 42 38 38 37
Nevada 118 94 60 59 55 73 73 63 54
New Hampshire 76 55 41 34 32 33 30 23 20
New Jersey 58 50 37 35 34 41 38 32 27
New Mexico 127 79 67 72 73 78 74 66 62
New York 57 51 38 35 36 44 42 33 30
North Carolina 104 88 72 58 57 68 63 59 52
North Dakota 68 44 43 42 36 35 33 27 27
Ohio 84 65 56 52 50 58 53 46 40
Oklahoma 112 83 76 75 69 67 64 60 58
Oregon 88 58 48 51 43 55 50 43 37
Pennsylvania 67 53 44 41 40 45 41 34 32
Rhode Island 56 43 35 33 36 44 40 34 36
South Carolina 109 89 73 65 63 71 63 58 53
South Dakota 83 49 51 53 46 47 41 38 38
Tennessee 103 88 74 64 61 72 67 60 54
Texas 115 85 74 74 72 75 76 69 64
Utah 86 56 54 65 50 49 41 38 37
Vermont 74 54 43 39 36 34 28 23 24
Virginia 103 76 53 48 46 53 48 41 38
Washington 88 60 46 47 45 53 48 39 33
West Virginia 87 72 73 68 54 57 53 47 46
Wisconsin 64 46 41 40 39 43 38 35 32
Wyoming 112 71 68 79 59 56 48 42 40
United States 89 68 56 53 51 60 56 48 43
Source:  National Center for Health Statistics, “Births: Final Data for 2002,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52 (10), December 2003 and earlier reports available online at (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/vsus/1963/1963.htm).

Table C-5.
Birth Rates of Teens 15-19 Years, by Race, Ethnicity and State: Selected Years 1990-2002
(births per 1,000 women in specified group)
State All Races Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic
1990 1996 2002 1990 1996 2002 1990 1996 2002 1990 1996 2002
Alabama 71 67 55 55 53 45 106 95 70 34 76 145
Alaska 65 51 40 53 38 27 § 61 40 § 86 99
Arizona 76 72 61 51 45 32 124 81 58 123 120 109
Arkansas 80 74 60 66 63 51 132 107 82 § 106 116
California 71 61 41 43 32 19 109 81 44 112 99 71
Colorado 55 51 47 39 34 26 112 82 57 111 106 119
Connecticut 39 37 26 20 19 12 108 80 51 122 101 84
Delaware 55 54 46 35 33 27 121 109 84 § 106 143
District of Columbia 93 79 69 11 7 6 123 115 106 89 78 110
Florida 69 57 45 51 43 32 138 96 69 60 60 56
Georgia 76 67 56 56 51 39 117 93 71 73 104 153
Hawaii 61 49 38 38 25 12 § 45 33 133 99 85
Idaho 51 47 39 46 41 33 § § § 119 103 88
Illinois 63 55 42 37 31 22 146 115 83 95 98 85
Indiana 59 55 45 52 49 38 124 107 83 65 81 98
Iowa 41 37 33 38 34 28 119 101 84 80 101 111
Kansas 56 49 43 49 41 34 135 106 76 86 101 100
Kentucky 68 61 51 64 58 49 116 98 70 § 70 92
Louisiana 74 67 58 53 48 42 113 97 83 21 44 35
Maine 43 32 25 43 32 25 § § § § § §
Maryland 53 46 35 36 30 21 97 78 59 46 54 74
Massachusetts 35 31 23 24 21 14 94 68 47 121 101 81
Michigan 59 46 35 41 35 26 132 95 68 94 84 72
Minnesota 36 32 28 30 25 18 156 112 82 79 107 118
Mississippi 81 74 65 56 51 49 113 101 82 § 28 80
Missouri 63 53 44 50 45 37 145 107 81 46 70 100
Montana 48 39 36 39 32 29 § § § § 85 §
Nebraska 42 39 37 35 31 26 137 102 95 82 110 135
Nevada 73 70 54 61 52 32 133 107 81 108 115 98
New Hampshire 33 28 20 NA 27 19 NA § § NA 66 §
New Jersey 41 35 27 19 15 10 105 82 56 80 71 67
New Mexico 78 71 62 51 45 32 100 65 44 97 90 84
New York 44 40 30 25 23 17 86 69 48 82 73 58
North Carolina 68 62 52 51 47 37 107 90 68 106 127 164
North Dakota 35 32 27 29 26 20 § § § § § §
Ohio 58 50 40 47 42 32 130 101 80 74 79 79
Oklahoma 67 63 58 NA 56 50 NA 91 72 NA 88 110
Oregon 55 51 37 51 44 29 112 89 48 114 116 98
Pennsylvania 45 38 32 32 27 22 128 98 78 126 109 95
Rhode Island 44 39 36 32 26 21 137 87 66 130 104 107
South Carolina 71 60 53 54 46 41 101 83 67 67 64 133
South Dakota 47 40 38 35 30 26 § § § § § §
Tennessee 72 65 54 61 55 45 122 100 79 41 81 153
Texas 75 73 64 49 46 36 117 93 72 104 105 100
Utah 49 41 37 44 36 29 § 67 32 115 107 109
Vermont 34 30 24 35 30 24 § § § § § §
Virginia 53 45 38 40 35 27 100 77 63 56 62 76
Washington 53 46 33 47 38 25 98 72 42 113 105 90
West Virginia 57 51 46 57 50 46 74 77 49 § § §
Wisconsin 43 37 32 30 25 21 177 132 104 90 97 107
Wyoming 56 45 40 51 40 35 § § § 94 77 68
United States 60 54 43 43 38 29 116 92 68 100 95 83
§ Rates not deemed to be reliable due to small number of births or number of women in the group.

Note:  Women of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Source:  National Center for Health Statistics, “Trends in Characteristics of Births by State: United States, 1990, 1995, 2000-2002,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52 (19), May 2004.

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