Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies: 2-Year Client Survey Files: Annotated tables display key outcomes of participation in employment-related services, attitudes toward work and welfare, and sanctions

                                        Appendix Table A.1                             Impacts on Participation in Program Activities                                                    Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program                                   Size   Group   Group   (Impact)                                                                Any Activity Ever participated (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    48.3    18.9      29.4 ***    svpt1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    51.5    18.9      32.6 ***    svpt1t25  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    57.5    41.7      15.8 ***    svpt1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    63.0    41.7      21.3 ***    svpt1t25  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    53.6    29.3      24.2 ***    svpt1t25   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    50.9    25.0      25.9 ***    svpt1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    65.4    25.0      40.4 ***    svpt1t25  Columbus Integrated                                  728    48.2    24.2      24.0 ***    svpt1t25 Columbus Traditional                                 723    45.5    24.2      21.3 ***    svpt1t25  Detroit                                              426    50.5    41.7       8.8 *      svpt1t25  Oklahoma City                                        511    51.2    40.2      11.0 **     svpt1t25  Portland                                             610    63.9    37.5      26.4 ***    svpt1t25                                                                Job Search/Job Club Ever participated (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    33.6     4.6      29.1 ***    svjc1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    15.9     4.6      11.4 ***    svjc1t25  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    31.9     4.9      27.1 ***    svjc1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    17.7     4.9      12.8 ***    svjc1t25  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    37.4     5.6      31.8 ***    svjc1t25   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    39.3     5.6      33.7 ***    svjc1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    26.7     5.6      21.1 ***    svjc1t25  Columbus Integrated                                  728    14.2     3.9      10.3 ***    svjc1t25 Columbus Traditional                                 723    11.6     3.9       7.7 ***    svjc1t25  Detroit                                              426    12.0     5.0       6.9 **     svjc1t25  Oklahoma City                                        511    12.3     7.2       5.1 *      svjc1t25  Portland                                             610    40.4     8.2      32.2 ***    svjc1t25                                                    Appendix Table A.1 (continued)                                                   Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program                                   Size   Group   Group  (Impact)                                                                Basic Education Ever participated (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                    1890    10.1     5.0       5.1 ***      svbe1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development                 2199    21.2     5.0      16.1 ***      svbe1t25  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment               1158    13.2    13.4      -0.2          svbe1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development            1158    25.8    13.4      12.4 ***      svbe1t25  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                  1678     6.7     7.2      -0.5          svbe1t25   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills      1012     9.9    11.6      -1.7          svbe1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development               1350    49.7    11.6      38.2 ***      svbe1t25  Columbus Integrated                                728    20.7     8.8      11.9 ***      svbe1t25 Columbus Traditional                               723    20.0     8.8      11.2 ***      svbe1t25  Detroit                                            426    19.6    19.4       0.2          svbe1t25  Oklahoma City                                      511    21.4    11.7       9.8 ***      svbe1t25  Portland                                           610    15.3    10.0       5.3 **       svbe1t25                                                   Post-Secondary Education or Vocational Training Ever participated (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                    1890    12.5    10.9       1.6          svps1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development                 2199    20.6    10.9       9.7 ** *     svps1t25  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment               1158    25.0    27.5      -2.5          svps1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development            1158    33.4    27.5       5.9 **       svps1t25  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                  1678    19.3    19.3       0.0          svps1t25   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills      1012    11.7    12.0      -0.3          svps1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development               1350    13.3    12.0       1.3          svps1t25  Columbus Integrated                                728    15.0    12.4       2.6          svps1t25 Columbus Traditional                               723    18.4    12.4       6.0 **       svps1t25  Detroit                                            426    30.5    23.5       7.0 *        svps1t25  Oklahoma City                                      511    28.8    25.6       3.2          svps1t25  Portland                                           610    28.7    21.4       7.3 **       svps1t25                                                                                     (continued)                                                    Appendix Table A.1 (continued)                                                   Sample Program Control Difference Site and Program                                   Size   Group   Group  (Impact)                                                                Work Experience Ever participated (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890     7.5     1.0       6.4 ***     svwe1t25 Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199     5.9     1.0       4.9 ***     svwe1t25  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158     4.9     1.7       3.2 ***     svwe1t25 Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158     4.1     1.7       2.5 **      svwe1t25  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678     2.7     1.6       1.0         svwe1t25   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012     2.1     1.0       1.1         svwe1t25 Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350     1.8     1.0       0.8         svwe1t25  Columbus Integrated                                  728     8.8     2.2       6.7 ***     svwe1t25 Columbus Traditional                                 723     7.5     2.2       5.4 ***     svwe1t25  Detroit                                              426     1.1     1.2      -0.1         svwe1t25  Oklahoma City                                        511     4.4     1.8       2.6 *       svwe1t25  Portland                                             610     9.4     2.3       7.1 ***     svwe1t25 

 


 

                                                         Table 4.1                                                    Program Impacts on Sanctioning                                                   Sample  Program  Control Difference Site and Program                                   Size   Group    Group   (Impact)                                                  Ever informed of possibility that welfare                                                 grant would be reduced for non-compliance                                                 with program requirements (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    68.0    44.3      23.6 ***   sancinfo Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    68.7    44.3      24.3 ***   sancinfo  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    80.9    56.4      24.5 ***   sancinfo Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    82.6    56.4      26.2 ***   sancinfo  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    69.7    47.4      22.3 ***   sancinfo   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    71.1    50.2      20.9 ***   sancinfo Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    71.7    50.2      21.4 ***   sancinfo  Columbus Integrated                                  728    68.0    29.6      38.4 ***   sancinfo Columbus Traditional                                 723    69.1    29.6      39.5 ***   sancinfo  Detroit                                              426    57.7    44.3      13.4 ***   sancinfo  Oklahoma City                                        511    44.5    23.3      21.2 ***   sancinfo  Portland                                             610    67.3    35.5      31.8 ***   sancinfo                                                                 Ever sanctioned (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    10.9     3.7       7.2 ***   sanction Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    20.7     3.7      17.1 ***   sanction  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    32.0     8.5      23.5 ***   sanction Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    30.4     8.5      22.0 ***   sanction  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    14.1     4.5       9.6 ***   sanction   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    16.3     4.7      11.6 ***   sanction Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    20.3     4.7      15.6 ***   sanction  Columbus Integrated                                  728    26.1     4.2      21.9 ***   sanction Columbus Traditional                                 723    30.9     4.2      26.7 ***   sanction  Detroit                                              426     3.4     2.2       1.2       sanction  Oklahoma City                                        511     3.8     2.1       1.7       sanction  Portland                                             610    18.4     4.4      14.0 ***   sanction 

 


                                                        Table 4.2                                        Program Impacts on Attitudes Toward Work and Welfare                                                   Sample Program Control Difference Percentage Site and Program                                   Size   Group   Group (Impact)   Change (%)                                                  Strongly disagree that it's easy just to stay on welfare                                                          and not try to get off (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    64.8    60.3     4.5 **       7.5     lowlfsty Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    58.8    60.3    -1.5         -2.5     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    56.0    50.8     5.2 *       10.2     lowlfsty Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    55.9    50.8     5.1 *       10.0     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    48.6    45.9     2.8          6.0     lowlfsty   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    51.6    47.2     4.5          9.5     lowlfsty Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    55.8    47.2     8.6 ***     18.2     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Columbus Integrated                                  728    53.9    52.4     1.5          2.9     lowlfsty Columbus Traditional                                 723    57.9    52.4     5.5         10.4     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Detroit                                              426    60.4    58.9     1.6          2.7     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Oklahoma City                                        511    46.9    45.1     1.8          4.0     lowlfsty                                                                                                   lowlfsty Portland                                             610    55.0    51.7     3.3          6.4     lowlfsty                                                  Strongly agree that the welfare  department                                                      tries hard to make people look for a job (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                      1890    39.5    34.3     5.2 **      15.3     hiwlfjob Atlanta Human Capital Development                   2199    42.7    34.3     8.4 ***     24.5     hiwlfjob  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment                 1158    54.9    43.1    11.8 ***     27.4     hiwlfjob Grand Rapids Human Capital Development              1158    52.8    43.1     9.8 ***     22.7     hiwlfjob  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                    1678    46.7    31.7    15.0 ***     47.5     hiwlfjob   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills        1012    50.4    33.2    17.2 ***     51.7     hiwlfjob Riverside Human Capital Development                 1350    47.9    33.2    14.6 ***     44.0     hiwlfjob  Columbus Integrated                                  728    53.1    29.5    23.7 ***     80.3     hiwlfjob Columbus Traditional                                 723    42.6    29.5    13.1 ***     44.4     hiwlfjob  Detroit                                              426    42.8    49.6    -6.9        -13.8     hiwlfjob  Oklahoma City                                        511    41.2    32.6     8.6 *       26.3     hiwlfjob  Portland                                             610    52.6    40.6    12.0 ***     29.5     hiwlfjob                                                                                    (continued)                                                                   Table 4.2 (continued)                                               Sample Program Control Difference  Percentage Site and Program                                Size   Group   Group   (Impact)   Change (%)                                            Strongly agree that the welfare department tries                                               hard to make people go to school to get training (%)  Atlanta Labor Force Attachment                   1890    46.2    40.6     5.6 **      13.8       hiwlftrg Atlanta Human Capital Development                2199    51.2    40.6    10.6 ***     26.2       hiwlftrg  Grand Rapids Labor Force Attachment              1158    60.1    50.1    10.0 ***     19.9       hiwlftrg Grand Rapids Human Capital Development           1158    64.0    50.1    13.9 ***     27.8       hiwlftrg  Riverside Labor Force Attachment                 1678    37.1    27.0    10.1 ***     37.2       hiwlftrg   Lacked high school diploma or basic skills     1012    44.0    30.7    13.3 ***     43.2       hiwlftrg Riverside Human Capital Development              1350    48.6    30.7    17.9 ***     58.2       hiwlftrg  Columbus Integrated                               728    64.6    38.0    26.6 ***     70.0       hiwlftrg Columbus Traditional                              723    47.7    38.0     9.6 ***     25.3       hiwlftrg  Detroit                                           426    52.3    54.3    -2.0         -3.7       hiwlftrg  Oklahoma City                                     511    47.3    37.1    10.2 **      27.3       hiwlftrg  Portland                                          610    42.9    37.7     5.2         13.8       hiwlftrg