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Advisory Council May 2021 Meeting Presentation: Successful Programs

ADVISORY COUNCIL ON ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH, CARE, AND SERVICES

Monday, May 3, 2021

Printer Friendly Version in PDF Format (5 PDF pages)

 

Disseminating and Implementing Successful Dementia Care Programs

David B. Reuben, MD
Archstone Professor of Geriatrics
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

The Next 10 Minutes

  • The "Who"?: Population-based dementia care
  • The "What": New models of dementia care
  • The "How": Drivers of and barriers to adoption of new models
  • Policy Implications and actions

Who: Population-based Dementia Care Model

Total # & Yearly Minimum Utilization By Risk Tier
Pyramid graphic describing the Total Number and Yearly Minimum Utilization by Risk Tier, as well as the Risk Stratification and Dementia Plan of Care.
  • One size does not fit all

What: Models of Dementia Care

  • Caregiver support only (e.g., REACH II)
  • Comprehensive models focus on patient and caregiver and have:
    • Continuous monitoring and assessment
    • Ongoing care plans
    • Psychosocial interventions
      • Aimed at person living with dementia
      • Aimed at caregivers
    • Self-management
    • Medication management (some comm-based don't)
    • Treatment of related conditions
    • Coordination of care

Examples of New Models of Comprehensive Care for Dementia

  • Community-based
    • BRI Care Consultation
    • MIND at Home (Hopkins)
    • The Care Ecosystem (UCSF)
  • Health System-based
    • Indiana University Healthy Aging Brain Center (HABC)
    • The UCLA Alzheimer's and Dementia Care Program (UCLA ADC)
    • Integrated Memory Care Clinic (Emory)
  • Vary in base of operations, key personnel, process, expense, clinical benefits, and cost returns

Comparison of Some Dementia Care Models

Structure and Process BRI CC Care Ecosystem MIND HABC UCLA ADC IMCC
Key personnel SW, RN, MFT Non-licensed APN, SW, Pharmacist Non-licensed RN, MD Non-licensed MD, SW, RN, Psychologist NP, PA, MD APN
Key personnel base CBO Community Community Health system Health system Health system
Face-to-face visits No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Access 24/7/365 No No No Yes Yes Yes
Communication with PCP Mail, fax Fax, phone Phone, mail, fax EHR, phone, mail EHR, phone N/A
Order writing No No No Yes Yes Yes
Benefits
High quality of care N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes
Patient benefit Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NS
Caregiver benefit Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NS
Costs of program ++ ++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++
Cost savings, gross ++ ++ None ++ ++++ ++++

How: Characteristics of an Innovation

  • Relative advantage
  • Compatibility
  • Complexity
  • Trialability
  • Observability

Barriers to Adoption and Implementation

  • Inertia and lack of insight
  • Costs:
    • Are up-front while savings are downstream
    • Insufficient revenue
    • Savings may accrue to different stakeholders
  • Training
  • Community-based partners
    • Identification and vetting
    • Payment
    • Communication

Policy Implications

  • Several evidence-based or promising models that have had minimal dissemination, even within managed care
  • Adequate payment for services provided has been a major barrier to adoption
  • Even with commitment to adopt, training beyond basic discipline skills is needed
  • Integration of services provided by community-based organizations has been haphazard and poorly paid
  • Additional models of care, particularly addressing underserved and remote populations need to be developed

Policy Actions

  • Although additional research will help determine effectiveness, there is sufficient evidence to begin broad dissemination of REACH II and collaborative care models
    • APMs: Comprehensive Care for Alzheimer's Act
    • FFS
    • Medicare Advantage
  • Fund training in dementia care
  • Develop mechanisms to pay community-based organizations for services provided to individual persons
  • Develop and test models for special populations