APPENDIX A. DATA ON THE ELDERLY This appendix presents historical, current, and projected data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the elderly, including information on population, life expectancy, labor force participation, marital status, living arrangements, poverty rates, and income. Data sources are noted at the bottom of each table. The following definitions may be useful for reading the tables: 1. ``Aged'' and ``elderly'' each refer to any person age 65 or older. 2. ``OASDI'' and ``Social Security'' are used interchangeably. 3. ``Supplemental Security Income'' is, at times, abbreviated ``SSI.'' 4. The concepts ``unrelated individual'' and ``unit'' are used many times throughout this appendix. ``Unrelated individual'' refers to any individual living alone. ``Unit'' refers to an individual living alone, a couple living alone, or a family. TABLE A-1.--ELDERLY AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELDERLY BY AGE AND SEX, SELECTED YEARS 1940-2050 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Age and demographic group ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Population age 65 and older 9,562.......... 12,743......... 17,251......... 20,921......... 26,149......... 32,021......... 35,482......... 39,728......... 53,103......... 69,096......... 74,642......... 77,653 (in thousands). Population age 65 and older 6.8............ 8.0............ 9.5............ 9.7............ 11.1........... 12.3........... 12.4........... 12.9........... 16.0........... 19.7........... 20.5........... 20.7 as a percent of total population. Population age 75 and older 2.0............ 2.5............ 3.1............ 3.8............ 4.4............ 5.2............ 5.9............ 5.9............ 6.4............ 8.8............ 11.0........... 11.0 as a percent of total population. Population age 85 and older 0.3............ 0.4............ 0.5............ 0.7............ 1.0............ 1.3............ 1.6............ 1.8............ 1.7............ 2.1............ 3.2............ 4.0 as a percent of total population. Age and sex groupings as a percent of the population age 65 and older: Men 65 and older........ 48.4........... 46.8........... 44.5........... 41.5........... 40.3........... 40.6........... 41.8........... 43.1........... 44.8........... 45.5........... 45.2........... 45.5 Men 65-74............... 34.7........... 32.7........... 30.1........... 26.8........... 26.3........... 25.7........... 24.0........... 25.3........... 28.7........... 26.8........... 22.3........... 23.0 Men 75-84............... 11.9........... 12.2........... 12.2........... 12.3........... 11.3........... 12.0........... 14.1........... 13.5........... 12.5........... 14.9........... 17.1........... 15.2 Men 85 and older........ 1.7............ 1.9............ 2.2............ 2.4............ 2.7............ 2.9............ 3.7............ 4.3............ 3.6............ 3.7............ 5.7............ 7.2 Women 65 and older...... 51.6........... 53.2........... 55.5........... 58.5........... 59.7........... 59.4........... 58.2........... 56.9........... 55.2........... 54.5........... 54.8........... 54.5 Women 65-74............. 35.8........... 35.8........... 35.7........... 34.7........... 33.9........... 31.9........... 28.3........... 28.8........... 31.7........... 28.9........... 24.1........... 24.1 Women 75-84............. 13.5........... 14.6........... 16.3........... 19.1........... 19.3........... 20.0........... 20.9........... 18.7........... 16.3........... 18.7........... 20.8........... 18.3 Women 85 and older...... 2.4............ 2.8............ 3.6............ 4.7............ 6.5............ 7.5............ 9.0............ 9.4............ 7.3............ 6.9............ 9.9............ 12.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Population figures are as of July 1, and include total United States plus the outlying areas covered under the Social Security Program and an adjustment for census undercount. Projections are based on the intermediate assumptions of the 2000 OASDI Trustees' Report. Source: Office of the Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration. TABLE A-2.--LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR MEN AND WOMEN, SELECTED YEARS 1900-2070 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Life expectancy at Life expectancy at birth age 65 Year ------------------------------------------- Male Female Male Female ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Actual: 1900.................... 46.4 49.0 11.4 11.7 1910.................... 50.1 53.6 11.4 12.1 1920.................... 54.5 56.3 11.8 12.3 1930.................... 58.0 61.3 11.8 12.9 1940.................... 61.4 65.7 11.9 13.4 1950.................... 65.6 71.1 12.8 15.1 1960.................... 66.7 73.2 12.9 15.9 1970.................... 67.1 74.9 13.1 17.1 1980.................... 69.9 77.5 14.0 18.4 1990.................... 71.8 78.9 15.0 19.0 Projected: 2000.................... 73.9 79.6 15.9 19.2 2010.................... 75.4 80.4 16.4 19.4 2020.................... 76.4 81.1 16.9 19.8 2030.................... 77.4 82.0 17.5 20.4 2040.................... 78.3 82.7 18.1 21.0 2050.................... 79.1 83.5 18.6 21.5 2060.................... 79.9 84.1 19.1 22.0 2070.................... 80.7 84.8 19.6 22.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--The life expectancy for any year is the average number of years of life remaining for a person if that person were to experience that year's age-sex-specific death rates throughout the remainder of his or her life. Projections are based on the intermediate assumptions of the 2000 OASDI Trustees' Report. Source: Office of the Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration. TABLE A-3.--LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1950-99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Sex and age group -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: 55-64............................................ 86.9 87.9 86.8 84.6 83.0 75.8 72.3 67.9 67.8 66.0 67.9 55-59............................................ NA 92.5 91.6 90.2 89.5 84.4 81.9 79.6 79.9 77.4 78.4 60-64............................................ NA 82.5 81.1 78.0 75.0 65.7 61.0 55.6 55.5 53.2 54.8 60-61............................................ NA NA NA 84.8 82.6 75.2 71.8 68.9 68.8 65.6 66.3 62-64............................................ NA NA NA 73.2 69.4 58.8 52.8 46.1 46.5 45.0 46.8 65 and older..................................... 45.8 39.6 33.1 27.9 26.8 21.7 19.1 15.8 16.3 16.8 16.9 Women: 55-64............................................ 27.0 32.5 37.2 41.4 43.0 41.0 41.5 42.0 45.2 49.2 51.5 55-59............................................ NA 35.6 42.2 47.1 50.4 47.9 48.6 50.3 55.3 59.5 61.8 60-64............................................ NA 29.0 31.4 34.0 36.1 33.3 33.3 33.4 35.5 38.0 38.8 60-61............................................ NA NA NA 40.4 41.4 39.5 39.8 40.3 42.9 46.1 46.2 62-64............................................ NA NA NA 29.5 32.3 29.0 28.6 28.7 30.7 32.6 33.7 65 and older..................................... 9.7 10.6 10.8 10.0 9.7 8.3 8.1 7.3 8.6 8.8 8.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian labor force as a percent of civilian noninstitutional population age 16 or older. NA--Data not available. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. TABLE A-4.--MARITAL STATUS OF AGED INDIVIDUALS, \1\ SELECTED YEARS 1960-98 [In percent] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960 \2\ 1970 \3\ 1980 1990 1998 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Demographic group 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 75 and 65-74 older 65-74 older 65-74 older 65-74 older 65-74 older -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Men: Married................................................... 78.9 59.1 77.6 79.7 81.6 69.4 80.2 69.9 79.2 69.2 Widowed................................................... 12.7 31.6 11.0 30.4 8.5 24.0 9.2 23.7 8.8 23.7 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.5 2.9 1.5 4.4 2.2 6.0 3.1 7.8 3.6 Never married \4\......................................... 6.7 7.8 8.5 6.6 5.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 4.1 3.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ========================================================================================= Number (in thousands)................................. 4,778 2,280 5,333 3,031 6,459 3,234 8,013 4,320 7,992 5,533 ========================================================================================= Women: Married................................................... 45.6 21.8 45.4 20.8 50.1 23.3 53.2 25.4 54.8 32.9 Widowed................................................... 44.4 68.3 43.7 70.5 40.3 68.0 36.1 65.6 31.9 60.4 Divorced.................................................. 1.7 1.2 3.0 1.3 4.0 2.3 6.2 3.6 8.9 4.9 Never married \4\......................................... 8.4 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.6 6.4 4.6 5.4 4.3 5.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ========================================================================================= Number (in thousands)................................. 5,529 3,054 6,741 4,608 8,549 5,411 9,966 7,267 9,882 8,677 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Civilian noninstitutional population only. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1960 Decennial Census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 Decennial Census. \4\ Never married was reported as ``single'' for 1960. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-5.--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF THE ELDERLY,\1\ SELECTED YEARS 1970-98 [Civilian noninstitutionalized population, number in thousands] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total age 65 and Widowed men Widowed women older --------------------------------- Living arrangement and year ------------------ Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In families: 1970 \2\................................................ 13,347 70.0 499 37.4 2,386 40.1 1980 \3\................................................ 16,355 67.6 385 28.7 2,194 30.1 1990.................................................... 19,737 66.8 525 29.9 2,202 26.3 1992.................................................... 20,351 66.5 536 28.0 2,305 26.8 1995.................................................... 20,828 66.6 466 26.6 2,363 27.4 1996.................................................... 21,092 66.6 527 27.1 2,427 28.2 1998.................................................... 21,443 66.8 516 25.6 2,359 28.1 Living alone: 1970 \2\................................................ 5,071 26.6 708 53.1 3,309 55.7 1980 \3\................................................ 7,328 30.3 893 66.5 4,916 67.4 1990.................................................... 9,176 31.0 1,117 63.6 5,946 71.1 1992.................................................... 9,523 31.1 1,241 64.7 6,070 70.6 1995.................................................... 9,862 31.5 1,201 68.4 6,092 70.5 1996.................................................... 9,841 31.1 1,259 64.8 5,963 69.3 1998.................................................... 9,923 30.9 1,343 66.6 5,880 70.1 Other: 1970 \2\................................................ 645 3.4 124 9.3 251 4.2 1980 \3\................................................ 511 2.1 65 4.8 186 2.5 1990.................................................... 653 2.2 113 6.4 220 2.6 1992.................................................... 716 2.3 142 7.4 227 2.6 1995.................................................... 577 1.8 88 5.0 182 2.1 1996.................................................... 725 2.3 158 8.1 217 2.5 1998.................................................... 716 2.2 158 7.8 155 1.9 Total:...................................................... 1970 \2\................................................ 19,061 100.0 1,333 100.0 5,946 100.0 1980 \3\................................................ 24,194 100.0 1,342 100.0 7,295 100.0 1990.................................................... 29,566 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,367 100.0 1992.................................................... 30,590 100.0 1,917 100.0 8,601 100.0 1995.................................................... 31,267 100.0 1,755 100.0 8,637 100.0 1996.................................................... 31,658 100.0 1,944 100.0 8,607 100.0 1998.................................................... 32,082 100.0 2,017 100.0 8,394 100.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Excludes persons in institutions (nursing homes, etc.). The number of such persons age 65 and older was estimated to be 0.8 million in 1970, and 1.6 million in 1989. \2\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1970 Decennial Census. \3\ Estimates based on weights derived from the 1980 Decennial Census. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Series P-20 (various years). TABLE A-6.--POVERTY STATUS OF ALL PERSONS AND ELDERLY BY SEX, ETHNICITY, AND LIVING ARRANGEMENT, SELECTED YEARS 1959-98 [Percent below the poverty level] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1959 1966 1970 1973 \1\ 1980 1990 1992 \2\ 1994 1995 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All persons................................................. 22.4 14.7 12.6 11.1 13.0 13.5 14.8 14.5 13.8 12.7 Persons age 65 and older.................................... 35.2 28.5 24.5 16.3 15.7 12.2 12.9 11.7 10.5 10.5 Both sexes: Living arrangement: Living in families.............................. NA NA 14.7 9.4 8.5 5.8 7.1 6.0 5.0 5.7 Unrelated individuals........................... NA NA 47.1 32.0 30.6 24.7 24.9 23.1 21.4 20.4 Race/ethnicity: Black........................................... NA NA 48.0 37.1 38.1 33.8 33.5 27.4 25.4 26.4 Hispanic \3\.................................... NA NA NA 24.9 30.8 22.5 22.1 22.6 23.5 21.0 White........................................... NA NA 22.5 14.4 13.6 10.1 11.0 10.2 9.0 8.9 Men..................................................... NA NA 19.0 12.4 10.9 7.6 8.8 7.2 6.2 7.2 Living arrangement: Living in families.............................. NA NA 14.9 9.4 8.2 5.4 6.7 5.1 4.2 5.0 Unrelated individuals........................... NA NA 38.9 27.1 24.4 17.3 18.4 16.1 14.3 16.3 Race/ethnicity: Black........................................... NA NA 41.3 32.4 31.4 27.8 26.9 20.6 15.4 20.6 Hispanic \3\.................................... NA NA NA 22.0 27.0 18.6 17.4 15.4 16.0 15.6 White........................................... NA NA 17.0 10.4 9.0 5.6 7.1 5.9 5.4 5.9 Women................................................... NA NA 28.5 19.0 19.0 15.4 15.8 14.9 13.6 12.8 Living arrangement: Living in families.............................. NA NA 14.5 9.3 8.8 6.3 7.5 7.0 5.9 6.3 Unrelated individuals........................... NA NA 49.7 33.5 32.3 26.9 26.8 25.3 23.8 21.7 Race/ethnicity: Black........................................... NA NA 53.2 40.5 42.6 37.9 37.8 31.7 31.1 30.2 Hispanic \3\.................................... NA NA NA 24.7 34.3 25.3 25.4 28.4 28.9 25.3 White........................................... NA NA 26.5 17.2 16.8 13.2 13.7 13.3 11.7 11.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ First year in which Hispanic data are available. \2\ 1992 figures are based on 1990 census population controls. \3\ Hispanics may be of any race. NA--Not available. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Series P-60 (various years). TABLE A-7.--POVERTY RATES OF THE ELDERLY BY AGE, SEX, AND MARITAL STATUS, 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Age group ----------------------------------- Sex and marital status 65 and 85 and older 65-74 75-84 older ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Male: Married......................... 5.1 4.7 5.8 5.7 Widowed......................... 10.3 11.2 10.6 8.2 Divorced/separated/never married 17.9 18.7 16.2 NA ----------------------------------- Male total.................. 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.6 =================================== Female: Married......................... 5.4 4.7 6.4 11.6 Widowed......................... 16.8 15.6 17.7 17.3 Divorced/separated/never married 24.7 23.6 26.0 NA ----------------------------------- Female total................ 12.8 10.7 14.4 17.5 =================================== Total all elderly....... 10.5 9.1 11.6 14.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NA--Not available due to unreliability of estimate; percentage base represents fewer than 250,000 persons. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-8.--AMOUNT OF INCOME FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN SOCIAL SECURITY, AMONG SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFICIARIES, AGE 65 AND OLDER, 1998 [In percent] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Married Nonmarried Unit income other than Social Security All units couples persons ------------------------------------------------------------------------ None................................. 13.3 7.3 18.3 Loss or $1-$1,999.................... 14.3 8.6 19.1 $2,000-$3,999........................ 8.0 5.4 10.3 $4,000-$5,999........................ 6.0 4.6 7.1 $6,000-$7,999........................ 5.4 4.6 6.1 $8,000-$9,999........................ 4.8 4.6 5.0 $10,000-$14,999...................... 9.6 10.4 8.9 $15,000-$19,999...................... 7.3 8.8 6.2 $20,000-$29,999...................... 9.2 11.6 7.2 $30,000-$39,999...................... 6.1 8.6 3.9 $40,000-$49,999...................... 3.7 5.4 2.3 $50,000-$74,999...................... 6.0 9.4 3.2 $75,000-$99,999...................... 2.7 4.5 1.2 $100,000 or more..................... 3.5 6.2 1.2 Number (in thousands).............. 22,095 10,072 12,023 Median income other than Social $9,225 $17,300 $4,680 Security........................... Median Social Security income...... $10,737 $15,225 $9,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note.--Units are families (primary families, related, and unrelated subfamilies) and unrelated individuals with any member age 65 or older. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-9.--TOTAL MONEY INCOME OF ELDERLY UNITS, 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All units Married couples Nonmarried persons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Amount of income Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 Age 65 Age 85 and older Age 65-69 and older and older Age 65-69 and older and older Age 65-69 and older -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under $5,000........................................ 3.2 2.8 4.8 1.7 1.8 1.3 4.5 4.2 5.9 $5,000-$9,999....................................... 14.7 11.4 20.2 2.9 2.3 3.3 24.8 24.2 25.5 $10,000-$14,999..................................... 15.8 11.3 23.5 7.3 5.9 11.4 23.0 18.9 27.2 $15,000-$19,999..................................... 12.1 9.6 14.1 10.5 7.9 14.4 13.4 11.9 13.9 $20,000-$29,999..................................... 17.5 16.6 13.1 21.4 17.9 18.8 14.1 14.7 11.4 $30,000-$39,999..................................... 11.1 13.1 7.8 15.4 16.0 12.4 7.5 9.2 6.4 $40,000-$49,999..................................... 6.8 9.3 3.7 9.9 12.3 6.9 4.1 5.1 2.8 $50,000-$74,999..................................... 9.4 13.0 5.9 14.4 17.6 11.5 5.1 6.5 4.2 $75,000-$99,999..................................... 4.1 5.2 2.8 6.9 7.4 7.1 1.7 2.1 1.5 $100,000 or more.................................... 5.4 7.8 3.9 9.6 10.9 12.9 1.9 3.3 1.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total percent............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ================================================================================================== Number (in thousands)........................... 24,371 6,868 2,603 11,185 4,006 616 13,185 2,862 1,987 Median.......................................... $22,041 $28,948 $15,402 $33,577 $38,720 $30,954 $14,453 $16,269 $13,132 Mean............................................. $34,379 $42,154 $27,546 $48,391 $52,907 $52,930 $22,493 $27,106 $19,675 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note.--Units are families (primary families, related, and unrelated subfamilies) and unrelated individuals with any member age 65 or older. Unit's age is the age of the head of the unit, if age 65 or older. If the head of the unit is under age 65, the unit's age is based on the age of the spouse, if the spouse is age 65 or older; otherwise the unit's age is based on the age of the oldest person age 65 or older in the unit. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-10.--PERCENT OF UNITS \1\ WITH ANY MEMBER AGE 65 OR OLDER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL UNIT INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE, BY POVERTY \2\ STATUS, 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of units with Percent of unit income income from each source from each source -------------------------------------------------- Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of units (in thousands)............................... 24,367 3,033 21,334 NA NA NA Number of aged individuals (in thousands).................... 32,394 3,386 29,008 NA NA NA Percent of units............................................. 100.0 12.4 87.6 NA NA NA Earnings \3\................................................. 33.5 9.5 37.0 33.1 7.1 33.7 Social Security.............................................. 90.6 77.0 92.6 30.8 66.9 29.9 Pensions..................................................... 44.2 9.0 49.2 16.0 4.2 16.3 Unemployment compensation.................................... 1.7 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 Disability................................................... 2.1 0.6 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 Veterans Administration...................................... 4.7 1.7 5.1 1.0 0.6 1.0 SSI.......................................................... 5.9 20.1 3.9 0.7 8.8 0.5 AFDC, general assistance..................................... 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 Child support, alimony....................................... 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 Interest, dividends \3\...................................... 65.3 25.7 70.9 16.7 2.0 17.0 Food stamps \4\.............................................. 4.2 20.1 1.9 0.1 2.8 0.0 School lunch \4\............................................. 3.7 5.1 3.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 Housing assistance \4\....................................... 5.0 16.7 3.4 0.3 6.2 0.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Includes both families and unrelated individuals. \2\ Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \3\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps, school lunch, and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of unit income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Note.--Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-11.--PERCENT OF MARRIED COUPLES WITH ALL MEMBERS AGE 65 OR OLDER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL FAMILY INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE, BY POVERTY STATUS,\1\ 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of couples Percent of family with income from each income from each source source ---------------------------------------------- Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of married couples (in thousands)......................... 6,488 289 6,199 NA NA NA Percent of married couples....................................... 100.0 4.5 95.5 NA NA NA Earnings \2\..................................................... 23.0 4.7 23.9 15.5 4.0 15.6 Social Security.................................................. 94.8 52.3 96.8 37.6 72.4 37.4 Pensions......................................................... 58.2 20.3 59.9 22.5 13.1 22.5 Unemployment compensation........................................ 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Disability....................................................... 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 Veterans Administration.......................................... 5.6 3.5 5.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 SSI.............................................................. 1.4 5.8 1.2 0.2 4.1 0.2 AFDC, general assistance......................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Child support, alimony........................................... 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Interest, dividends \2\.......................................... 76.9 40.2 78.6 22.6 1.8 22.7 Food stamps \3\.................................................. 1.0 7.5 0.7 0.0 1.5 0.0 School lunch \3\................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Housing assistance \3\........................................... 1.0 3.4 0.9 0.0 1.5 0.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Based on census poverty levels. \2\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \3\ The cash values of food stamps, school lunch, and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of family income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-12.--PERCENT OF UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS \1\ AGE 65 OR OLDER WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL INCOME FROM EACH SOURCE, BY POVERTY STATUS,\2\ 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of individuals Percent of individual with income from each income from each source source ------------------------------------------------ Total Poor Nonpoor Total Poor Nonpoor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of individuals (in thousands)........................... 10,564 2,150 8,413 NA NA NA Percent of individuals......................................... 100.0 20.4 79.6 NA NA NA Earnings \3\................................................... 12.9 3.4 15.3 13.1 1.3 13.9 Social Security................................................ 92.1 81.8 94.7 43.0 72.4 40.9 Pensions....................................................... 38.2 7.2 46.1 18.2 3.1 19.2 Unemployment compensation...................................... 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 Disability..................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 Veterans Administration........................................ 3.9 1.3 4.6 1.6 0.5 1.7 SSI............................................................ 6.0 22.4 1.8 1.0 10.2 0.3 AFDC, general assistance....................................... 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Child support, alimony......................................... 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 Interest, dividends \3\........................................ 60.0 24.2 69.1 21.0 2.0 22.3 Food stamps \4\................................................ 5.1 18.9 1.6 0.1 1.8 0.0 School lunch \4\............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Housing assistance \4\......................................... 9.6 20.8 6.8 1.0 8.4 0.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ Elderly living alone. \2\ Based on census (``Orshansky'') poverty levels. \3\ Negative income (i.e., losses) set to zero. \4\ The cash values of food stamps, school lunch, and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Their cash values are included in total income for purposes of calculating the percentage of individuals' income from these sources. NA--Not applicable. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey. TABLE A-13.--RECEIPT OF SOCIAL SECURITY, SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME, FOOD STAMPS, AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF, AMONG UNITS \1\ WITH AN AGED HEAD CLASSIFIED BY FAMILY MONEY INCOME AS A PERCENT OF THE POVERTY THRESHOLD, 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Less than 100 100-149.9 percent of percent of poverty poverty threshold threshold --------------------- Type of benefit ---------------------- Number (in Number (in Percent thousands) Percent thousands) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Social Security \2\......... 2,247 77.9 3,303 95.5 SSI......................... 582 20.2 254 7.3 Food stamps................. 570 19.8 208 6.0 Social Security only \3\.... 1,628 56.4 2,972 86.0 SSI only \3\................ 85 3.0 30 0.9 Food stamps only \3\........ 30 1.0 4 0.1 Social Security and food 214 7.4 128 3.7 stamps \4\................. Social Security and SSI \4\. 170 5.9 147 4.3 SSI and food stamps \4\..... 92 3.2 21 0.6 Social Security, SSI, and 234 8.1 55 1.6 food stamps................ No Social Security, SSI, or 431 14.9 100 2.9 food stamps................ ------------------------------------------- Total................... 2,884 100.0 3,458 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\ Includes unrelated individuals and elderly individuals living alone. \2\ Includes railroad retirement. \3\ Family receives only the one type of income specified but not the other two. The family could be receiving other types of income. \4\ Family receives only the two types of income specified but not the third. The family could be receiving other sources of income than the three mentioned. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on March 1999 Current Population Survey.